Ekolojik Gezegen Modellemeleri ve Anlam Dünyası Olarak Geleceğin Coğrafyası

Echoes of and debates around modelling Earth and human activity using system dynamics principles to analyze impact of industrial capitalism and consumer society over ecology, and possible futures thereof, has always found a platform extending beyond academia. In this article, three most well-known planetary models produced in different contexts since 1970’s, Limits to Growth, Ecological Footprint and Planetary Boundaries has been comparatively discussed together with criticisms and their reflection in political debate as well as their particular meaning for today’s context of a highly determining anthropogenic global climate change. Efforts of interpreting and adjusting these global models in a local and regional scale and their existing and potential interactions with physical and human geography present significant opportunities for most needed societal transformations and sense-making processes.Endüstriyel kapitalizmin ve tüketim toplumunun ekoloji üzerindeki etkilerini ve olası gelecekleri tespit etmek için sistem dinamiği prensiplerini kullanarak dünyayı ve insan etkinliklerinin etkisini modelleyen çalışmaların yankısı ve tartışmalar her dönem akademik çevreleri aşan bir nitelik sergiledi. Bu çalışmada 1970’lerden bu yana farklı dönemlerde oluşturulan ve en çok bilinen ve referans verilen üç gezegen modelleme çalışması olan Büyümenin Sınırları, Ekolojik Ayakizi ve Gezegen Eşikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmış, karşılaştıkları eleştiriler ve politik tartışmaya yansımaları incelenerek insan kaynaklı küresel iklim değişikliğinin oldukça belirleyici olmaya başladığı günümüz için anlamları üzerinde durulmuştur. Küresel düzeydeki modellemelerin yerel ve bölgesel düzeyler için yorumlanma ve uyarlanma çabaları ile fiziksel ve beşeri coğrafya ile var olan ve olası etkileşimleri ihtiyaç duyulan toplumsal dönüşümler ve anlamlandırma süreçleri için önemli olanaklar sunmaktadır

Comparative study of groin hernia repair

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of the study is to compare results of Lichtenstein repair, laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP), and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair of groin hernias. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively extracted medical records of 127 consecutive male patients operated on for inguinal hernia between June 2014 and June 2019. Patients were grouped according to preferred surgery; Lichtenstein (Group 1), TAPP (Group 2), and TEP (Group 3) repair groups. Demographic data, body mass index (BMI), American society of anesthesiologists score, surgery time, post-operative hospital stay, pain score, complications, and recurrence rates were compared. Results: Mean age was 53.6 (17–86) years. Mean BMI was 24.8 kg/m2 . Mean surgery time was 62.0±24.2 (30–150), 71.1±26.9 (40–135), and 76.5±20.9 (35–1 40) min in groups, respectively. Mean hospital stay was 1.3 (1–3), 1.2 (1–4), and 1.3 (1–2) days. Post-operative pain was less in laparoscopic group, especially in TEP repair group (1.0±0.9 [0–4], 0.4±0.8 [0–3], 0.2±0.6 [0–3]; 1 vs. 2 p: 0.005/2 vs. 3 p: 0.000/1 vs. 3 p: 0.001). No major complication was observed and two recurrent hernias were detected after mean 953-day follow-up period. Conclusion: Both open and laparoscopic hernia repair can be performed safely, with a low rate of complications. Post-operative pain is reduced in the laparoscopic grou

The prevalence of microalbuminuria and relevant cardiovascular risk factors in Turkish hypertensive patients.

Objectives: A growing body of data illustrates the importance of microalbuminuria (MAU) as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk in the hypertensive population. The present study was designed to define the prevalence of MAU and associated cardiovascular risk factors among Turkish hypertensive outpatients. Study design: Representing the Turkish arm of the multinational i-SEARCH study involving 1,750 sites in 26 countries around the world, a total of 1,926 hypertensive patients from different centers were included in this observational and cross-sectional survey study. Patients with reasons for a false-positive MAU test were excluded. The prevalence of MAU was assessed using a dipstick test, and patients were inquired about comorbidities, comedication, and known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of MAU was 64.7% and there was no difference between genders. Most of the patients (82.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension, 35.6% had dyslipidemia, and 35.5% had diabetes, predominantly type 2. Almost one-third of the patients (26.4%) had at least one cardiovascular-related comorbidity, with 20.3% having documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Almost all patients (96.8%) had one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease in addition to hypertension, including family history of myocardial infarction or CAD, diabetes, dyslipidemia, lack of physical exercise, and smoking. A trend towards higher MAU values in the presence of CAD was determined. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria tests should be routinely used as a screening and monitoring tool for the assessment of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. © 2011 Turkish Society of Cardiology

Inborn errors of OAS–RNase L in SARS-CoV-2–related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

International audienceMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and severe condition that follows benign COVID-19. We report autosomal recessive deficiencies of OAS1 , OAS2 , or RNASEL in five unrelated children with MIS-C. The cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)–sensing OAS1 and OAS2 generate 2′-5′-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A) that activate the single-stranded RNA–degrading ribonuclease L (RNase L). Monocytic cell lines and primary myeloid cells with OAS1, OAS2, or RNase L deficiencies produce excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon dsRNA or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulation. Exogenous 2-5A suppresses cytokine production in OAS1-deficient but not RNase L–deficient cells. Cytokine production in RNase L–deficient cells is impaired by MDA5 or RIG-I deficiency and abolished by mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) deficiency. Recessive OAS–RNase L deficiencies in these patients unleash the production of SARS-CoV-2–triggered, MAVS-mediated inflammatory cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes, thereby underlying MIS-C