Role of Epidemiological Studies in Disease Prevention

Today's society is full of disease that are of different natures including genetic, infectious and metabolic etc. Every disease has its own mechanisms of affecting humans and different prevention mechanisms as per disease nature. These factors are included in epidemiology of disease. Other factors include prevalence and incidence of diseases in different populations. Exactly knowing about disease epidemiology helps governing authorities to prevent the disease. Unfortunately, under-developed and developing nations are not focusing on diseases epidemiology. On the other hand, all developing nations developed best public health practices based on diseases epidemiology data. These studies may vary from basic epidemiological surveys to identification of microorganism strains etc

Theoretical Paradigm and Empirical Perspective of the “Slumdog Millionaire Effect”

The effect of film-induced tourism has long been known. The worth of films in inducing tourism at international, domestic and regional levels to the destination featured, has been proven by researcher‟s time and again. Also, the consumption of these 'screen products' by today's dynamic, curious and knowledgeable tourists has been proven to have a direct influence on his decision-making. Evaluation of specific films in various research projects has validated the existence of sustainable prosperity to the destination. These and many more of such researchbased endorsements and affirmations have given an extra boost to the phenomenon of movie-induced tourism worldwide. The existence of possibly compelling economic value of this strand of tourism is known to all, and therefore, destinations are trying to understand and comprehend the drivers of this phenomenon in order to exploit its benefits. India has a negligible share of its contributions in this field. The statistics concerning directly to the impact of films on tourist numbers are limited. Even though this phenomenon has been well accepted, proclaimed and communicated in India, very few researches of it have been published and made available to the policy makers. To fill some of this void, this research work proposes to analyze the 2008 Golden Globe and Academy Awards winner movie Slumdog Millionaire with a backdrop of film-induced tourism and investigate the post-modern experience of India that has been depicted in the movie. Furthermore, through empirical observation, this work attempts to draw relationships between cause- 'Slumdog Millionaire' and effect – 'India's inbound tourism' related to this phenomenon, and maps out the interrelation of filminduced tourism with India as a destination. This movie has drawn both positive and negative reactions, therefore, an evaluation leading to conclusions and specific recommendations is yet another goal of the proposed work.&nbsp

Giving a Voice, Healing Trauma: Exploring the Usefulness of Art Therapy with Refugee Children

Children who seek refuge to the United Kingdom have experienced a journey witnessing many traumatic events, separation and losses. These experiences can have a profound effect on a child’s well-being and resettlement in the host country. Art therapy is an avenue which can help these children to heal their trauma, and explore the feelings and changes that arise with becoming a refugee. This research set in an interpretive paradigm, informed by hermeneutic phenomenology explores the usefulness of art therapy with refugee children. It aims to investigate this enquiry through the lens of art therapists to gain insights from lived experiences and stories. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were explored and analysed through using thematic analysis, which discovered five key themes these were identified as: (1) Giving Voice, (2) Rebuilding Trust, Opening Wounds, (3) Sharing Stories, Healing Pain, (4) Exploring Identity, Discovering New- Self, and (5) Understanding Art Therapy. Upon reflection, the four initial findings merged together highlighting the two key usefulness of art therapy, these were established as: (a) providing refugee children with a safe space to heal and discover new-self, and (b) giving refugee children a voice to express, and share their stories. Despite the last theme (understanding art therapy) being established as a limitation, this created an area for future research to help inform art therapy practice. From the findings discovered, it was concluded that art therapy is a useful form of psychotherapy for refugee children. Art therapy provides these children with a safe space to heal, and gives them a voice to express and be heard

Maternal serum fructosamine values after delivery of macrosomic babies and unexplained stillbirths

Measurement of serum fructosamine and haemoglobin A, levels and glucose tolerance tests were performed in 75 women in the immediate postpartum period. None had predisposing factors to gestational diabetes. They were divided into three groups: group I consisted of 15 women who delivered an unexplained stillbirth; group 11 of 30 women who gave birth to babies weighing between 2500 g and 3900 g at term; and group III of 30 women who delivered babies weighing≥ 4000 g. There was a significant difference in the mean level of serum fructosamine between the unexplained stillbirth and control groups (P < 0,001). Although the HbA, values varied in the three groups, there was a significant difference between the unexplained stillbirth group and the macrosomic infant group (P < 0,05). All patients had normal glucose tolerance tests

Optimized Purification of CIDRα-PfEMP1 Plasmodium falciparum Recombinant Protein with Affinity Chromatography

Interaction of Cysteine-rich Interdomain Region (CIDR)α-Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein (PfEMP1) and Endothelial Cell Receptors especially CD36 on host cells is main malaria pathogenesis, makes this domain as a malaria vaccine candidate. Recently, the development of the malaria vaccine is conducted by recombinant technology, and the purification of the CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein is a pivotal step. This study aimed to determine an optimal condition to purify the CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein by affinity chromatography through imidazole and NaCl concentration. The purified recombinant protein was visualized using SDS-PAGE and its concentration was measured using Image J software and Bradford Assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software, and the Paired T-Test analysis was conducted to compare the concentration of purified recombinant protein from two different methods. The result showed that thetarget band of purified recombinant protein was 27 kDa. The thickest target protein band was observed in purified recombinant protein using 140 mM imidazole and 300 mM NaCl. The recombinant protein concentration using Image J software was 0.025 µg/µL, while the Bradford Assay was 0.56 µg/µL. The Paired T-Test analysis has a significance value of 0.010 (p<0.05), meaning there was a significant difference between the concentration measurement using Image J software and Bradford Assay. In conclusion, the optimized condition to purify the CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein by affinity chromatography was using 140 mM imidazole and 300 mM NaCl. It is suggested to measure the purified CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein concentration using the Bradford Assay method due to its convenience and sensitivity

A Linear Epitope in the N-Terminal Domain of CCR5 and Its Interaction with Antibody.

The CCR5 receptor plays a role in several key physiological and pathological processes and is an important therapeutic target. Inhibition of the CCR5 axis by passive or active immunisation offers one very selective strategy for intervention. In this study we define a new linear epitope within the extracellular domain of CCR5 recognised by two independently produced monoclonal antibodies. A short peptide encoding the linear epitope can induce antibodies which recognise the intact receptor when administered colinear with a tetanus toxoid helper T cell epitope. The monoclonal antibody RoAb 13 is shown to bind to both cells and peptide with moderate to high affinity (6x10^8 and 1.2x107 M-1 respectively), and binding to the peptide is enhanced by sulfation of tyrosines at positions 10 and 14. RoAb13, which has previously been shown to block HIV infection, also blocks migration of monocytes in response to CCR5 binding chemokines and to inflammatory macrophage conditioned medium. A Fab fragment of RoAb13 has been crystallised and a structure of the antibody is reported to 2.1 angstrom resolution