Postmortem Süreçte COVID-19 Enfeksiyon Etkeninin Pozitif Kalma Süresi

Objective:Studies show that in patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can give false negative results depending on sampling techniques/regions. In this study; the positivity of virus RNA was studied consecutive lung tru-cut needle biopsy taken at 6-hour intervals in cases who died during treatment due to COVID-19 infection, it was aimed to determine the postmortem safe working range.Methods:In May 2020-April 2021, 21 patients who died during treatment due to COVID-19 infection diagnosed with clinical and/or RNA detection in Muğla Training Research Hospital, Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit were included. Antemortem, postmortem swabs results, and virus RNA detection by PCR made from postmortem lung tissue samples were compared with their clinics. Statistical analysis was performed.Results:Fifteen (71.4%) of 21 cases were male and 6 (28.6%) were female. The mean age is 71.9 (standard deviation=12.079). All of the toracic CT findings at hospitalization had a ground-glass opacity. The mean hospitalization time was 11.7 days. Antemortem nasopharyngeal virus positivity was shown in 13 cases (61.9%), postmortem nasopharyngeal virus positivity in 5 cases (23.8%), and virus positivity in lung tissue samples in 7 cases (33.3%). No significant correlation was found virus positivity in nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue sample, the incompatibility rate was 19.1%, which was statistically significant.Conclusion:Although the targeted sample size could not be reached due to study limitations, the inconsistency in virus positivity in nasopharyngeal swabs and lung tissue samples is significant. It is certain that studies with a large comparative sample are needed in terms of postmortem survival time, clinical and organ damage caused by the virus

Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral liver disase

Karaciğer biyopsisi, kronik karaciğer hastalığının tanısında altın standarttır. Ancak biyopsinin invaziv bir işlem olması, karaciğer fibrozisini yansıtan noninvaziv biyokimyasal göstergelerin geliştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çalısmamızın amacı, viral etiyolojili kronik karaciğer hastaliğinda serum hyaluronat ve prokollajen III N-terminal peptid (PIIINP) düzeylerinin karaciger fibrozisini gostermedeki tanısal doğruluğunu saptamaktır. Çalışmaya viral etiyolojili 183 kronik hepatitli hasta alındı (112 erkek, ortalama yaş 44.4±13.7 yil) ve hepsine karaciger ponksiyon biyopsisi ve/veya laparoskopi yapıldı. ROC eğrileri ile hesaplandığında "the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC)" degerleri, sirozu gb'stermede hyaluronat icin 0.892 ± 0.027, PIIINP icin 0.658 ± 0.048 olarak bulundu. ileri fibrozisi (F3-F4) saptama-da tanisal dogruluk oranlan hyaluronat icin (eşik deger 60 ng/ml) %76, PIIINP igin (eşik deger 6.4 ug/1) %53.7, sirozu saptamada tanısal dogruluk oranlan hyaluronat icin (e§ik deger 100 ng/ml) %75.2, PIIINP icin (esjk deger 6.4 ug/1) %60.5 saptandi. Sonuçlanmış serum hyaluronat düzeylerinin viral etiyolojili karaciger sirozunun veya ileri fibrozisinin tanısında noninvaziv bir gösterge olarak kullanılabileceği düşündürmektedir.Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic viral liver disease. Because liver biopsy is an invasive procedure, development of noninvasive biochemical markers reflecting liver fibrosis is a necessity. The aim of our study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of serum hyaluronat and procollagen III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) levels for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver disease. 183 chronic hepatitis patients with viral etiology were included in our study (112 male, mean 44.4±13.7 year) and liver biopsy and/or laparoscopy were done in each. When the values of "the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC)" were calculated, they were found to be 0.892 + 0.027 for hyaluronat and 0.658 + 0.048 for PII¬INP in seperence cirrhosis. The diagnostic accuracy of serum hyaluronate and PIIINP for se¬vere fibrosis (F3-F4) were 76% (cut-off value, 60 ng/ml) and 53.7% (cut-off value, 6.4 ug/1) and for cirrhosis were 75.2% (cut-off value, 60 ng/ml) and 60.5% (cut-off value, 6.4 ug/1) respectively. According to our results, it should be considered that serum hyaluronat levels may be used as a noninvasive marker for diagnosis of chirrosis or severe fibrosis in viral liver disease

HSV-2 serology can be predictive of HIV epidemic potential and hidden sexual risk behavior in the Middle East and North Africa.

BACKGROUND: HIV prevalence is low in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, though the risk or potential for further spread in the future is not well understood. Behavioral surveys are limited in this region and when available have serious limitations in assessing the risk of HIV acquisition. We demonstrate the potential use of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence as a marker for HIV risk within MENA. METHODS: We designed a mathematical model to assess whether HSV-2 prevalence can be predictive of future HIV spread. We also conducted a systematic literature review of HSV-2 seroprevalence studies within MENA. RESULTS: We found that HSV-2 prevalence data are rather limited in this region. Prevalence is typically low among the general population but high in established core groups prone to sexually transmitted infections such as men who have sex with men and female sex workers. Our model predicts that if HSV-2 prevalence is low and stable, then the risk of future HIV epidemics is low. However, expanding or high HSV-2 prevalence (greater than about 20%), implies a risk for a considerable HIV epidemic. Based on available HSV-2 prevalence data, it is not likely that the general population in MENA is experiencing or will experience such a considerable HIV epidemic. Nevertheless, the risk for concentrated HIV epidemics among several high-risk core groups is present. CONCLUSIONS: HSV-2 prevalence surveys provide a useful mechanism for identifying and corroborating populations at risk for HIV within MENA. HSV-2 serology offers an effective tool for probing hidden sexual risk behaviors in a region where quality behavioral data are limited