Pressure Behavior of Horizontal Wells With Multiple Hydraulic Fractures Completed In Shale

The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the pressure behavior of a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fractures completed in an ultra-low permeability formation. These formations are also referred to as unconventional gas reservoirs. Unconventional gas reservoirs such as shales and tight gas sands have extremely low permeability that requires massive simulation treatments in order to produce at an economic flow rate. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are proven technologies for achieving economic production from unconventional gas reservoirs. A dual porosity reservoir model was employed in this research study to simulate the pressure behavior of horizontal well containing multiple hydraulic fractures. The flow regimes were determined using the diagnostic plot. The impact of the reservoir and the hydraulic fracture properties on the various flow regimes were also investigated. The flow regimes were found to be influenced by the number and conductivity of the hydraulic fractures and natural fracture permeability

The concept of people in philosophy

Since Plato, the concept of people in philosophy makes much more fundamental sense than the meaning it takes in the empiric approach of sociological or historical research. The question is: what is implied in the originary act, as it is given by the notions of the State of Nature and of what is called since Rousseau the Social Contract - briefly, the a priori act which makes a people a People. In this sense, one can assume that the notion of people consciously or unconsciounsly implies the very notion of democracy.La notion de peuple en philosophie, depuis Platon, se veut plus fondamentale qu'elle ne l'est dans les approches empiriques sociologiques ou historiques. Il s'agit de se demander qu'est-ce qui est impliqué dans l'acte originaire, tel qu'il se donne dans les notions d'état de nature et de pacte social -bref, l'acte a priori qui fait qu'un peuple se fait peuple. En ce sens, on peut dire que la notion de peuple implique consciemment ou non celle de la démocratie

Self-organizing magnetic beads for biomedical applications

In the field of biomedicine magnetic beads are used for drug delivery and to treat hyperthermia. Here we propose to use self-organized bead structures to isolate circulating tumor cells using lab-on-chip technologies. Typically blood flows past microposts functionalized with antibodies for circulating tumor cells. Creating these microposts with interacting magnetic beads makes it possible to tune the geometry in size, position and shape. We developed a simulation tool that combines micromagnetics and discrete particle dynamics, in order to design micropost arrays made of interacting beads. The simulation takes into account the viscous drag of the blood flow, magnetostatic interactions between the magnetic beads and gradient forces from external aligned magnets. We developed a particle-particle particle-mesh method for effective computation of the magnetic force and torque acting on the particles

Getting What You Pay For: Judicial Compensation and Judicial Independence

International audienc

Design and experimental characterization of a tunable vibration-based electromagnetic micro-generator

Vibration-based micro-generators, as an alternative source of energy, have become increasingly significant in the last decade. This paper presents a new tunable electromagnetic vibration-based micro-generator. Frequency tuning is realized by applying an axial tensile force to the micro-generator. The dimensions of the generator, especially the dimensions of the coil and the air gap between magnets, have been optimized to maximize the output voltage and power of the micro-generator. The resonant frequency has been successfully tuned from 67.6 to 98 Hz when various axial tensile forces were applied to the structure. The generator produced a power of 61.6–156.6 µW over the tuning range when excited at vibrations of 0.59 ms-2. The tuning mechanism has little effect on the total damping. When the tuning force applied on the generator becomes larger than the generator’s inertial force, the total damping increases resulting in reduced output power. The resonant frequency increases less than indicated from simulation and approaches that of a straight tensioned cable when the force associated with the tension in the beam becomes much greater than the beam stiffness. The test results agree with the theoretical analysis presented

4-[(4-Chloro­phen­yl)(hy­droxy)methyl­idene]isochromane-1,3-dione

In the title compound, C16H9ClO4, the six-membered heterocyclic ring adopts a screw-boat conformation. The benzene rings are oriented to each other at a dihedral angle of 59.26 (9)°. The mol­ecular structure exhibits a ring motif, viz. S(6), owing to an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The presence of C—H⋯O contacts generates an infinite chain along [001]. Also present are π–π stacking inter­actions between neighbouring isochromanedione benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.746 (1) Å], and C—O⋯π inter­actions [O⋯centroid = 3.934 (2) Å]

4-[(Hy­droxy)(4-methyl­phen­yl)methyl­idene]isochroman-1,3-dione

In the title compound, C17H12O4, the six-membered heterocyclic ring adopts a distorted screw-boat conformation. The mol­ecular structure exhibits an S(6) ring motif, owing to an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O contacts generate an infinite chain along the c axis. There are also π–π stacking inter­actions between neighbouring isochromanedione benzene rings, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.755 (1) Å, and C—O⋯π inter­actions with an O⋯centroid distance of 3.964 (2) Å

2-[2-(Methyl­sulfan­yl)benzimidazol-1-yl]ethanol

In the title compound, C10H12N2OS, the asymmetric unit consists of two independent mol­ecules. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules form R 4 4(28) centrosymmetric tetra­mers via O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. These tetra­mers are stacked along the c axis via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions are also present; in the latter, the centroid–centroid distances are 4.075 (1) and 3.719 (1) Å

2-Oxochromen-4-yl 4-(dimethyl­amino)­benzoate

In the title mol­ecule, C18H15NO4, the benzoate ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 43.43 (6)° with respect to the planar [maximum deviation = 0.038 (2) Å] chromene ring. The crystal structure features R 2 2(12) centrosymetric dimers formed via C—H⋯O inter­actions and these dimeric aggregates are connected by C—H⋯π inter­actions