Symmetric Lipofibromatous Hamartoma Affecting Digital Nerves

Lipofibromatous hamartoma of the nerve is a benign tumor, which affects the major nerves and their branches in the human body. It is often found in the median nerve of the hand and is commonly associated with macrodactyly, but it is rarely found in the digital nerves at the peripheral level. This tumor is often found in young adults and may go through a self-limiting course. However, operation is indicated when the tumor size is large or when the associated nerve compressive symptoms are present. We have experienced a rare case of lipofibromatous hamartoma that symmetrically involved the volar digital nerves of both index fingers on the ulnar side. With the aid of a microscope, we dissected and removed the tumor as much as possible without sacrificing the nerve. No sensory change occurred in both fingers and no sign of recurrence was observed upon follow-up

Pneumocephalus Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula as a Complication of Spinal Surgery: A Case Report

Pneumocephalus is a well-known condition following head trauma, but is rare as an injury or as a result of surgery of the spine. We present a 76-year-old patient with a rare case of pneumocephalus associated with a cerebrospinal fluid fistula as a complication of surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy. Although cerebrospinal fluid leakage was noted and the injured dura was carefully sutured at operation, tension pneumocephalus occurred. The resultant pneumocephalus was diagnosed based on neurogenic symptoms including sudden convulsion, head radiograph, and computed tomography scan. The benign course of the pneumocephalus postdiagnosis did not require secondary operation

Sequential MR Images and Radiographs of Epiphyseal Osteomyelitis in the Distal Femur of an Infant

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, especially during the early phase of the disease. The findings of sequential MRIs during the course of treatment in acute osteomyelitis in children have not yet been reported in the literature. We present a case of acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis in the distal femur of an infant. We monitored imaging changes by sequential MRIs and radiographs. MRI was more useful than radiograph for early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic response.</jats:p

Unreinforced concrete masonry under compression: Brazilian statistics, reliability analysis and code calibration

Abstract Although the new Brazilian code is considered an advancement, it still lacks a reliability-based calibration of partial safety factors. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive set of reliability analyses oriented to structural masonry members under compression in Brazil. This study was based on structural reliability theory, which allowed a safety assessment through the reliability index (β). Walls with hollow concrete blocks of three classes (A, B and C) and two modular sizes (M-15 and M-20), two ratios between the prism strength and the block compressive strength ( η = 0.5 and 0.6), and three ratios between effective height and effective width (λ = 14, 19 and 24) were evaluated. Considering that each one of the 36 elements is described by five ratios between live and dead loads and the five ratios between wind and dead loads, 900 configurations were analyzed. Reliability procedures, the structural configurations and the calibration methodology were implemented and solved in the StRAnD – Structural Reliability Analysis and Design software. Results showed that the reliability indexes are greater for unreinforced masonry walls under compression with modular size M-20 than modular size M-15. It can be noted that the block compressive strength not only represents the greatest impact on the masonry’s safety level, but is also the most relevant random variable. Based on the reliability-based calibration of the Brazilian code, it is recommended that unreinforced masonry presents different partial safety factors ( ɣ m) than reinforced masonry. This work represents a stepping stone in evaluating the safety of Brazilian masonry structures, indicating a possible path in terms of achieving a more uniform reliability in masonry design

Analysis of Demineralized Chemical Substances for Disinfecting Gutta-percha Cones

Introduction: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5% malic acid, 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid solutions used to disinfect gutta-percha cones contaminated by Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods and Materials: Two hundred and ten previously sterilized gutta-percha cones were contaminated with E. faecalis at concentration of 1.5×108 CFU/mL. The cones were immersed in 5% malic acid, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 1% NaOCl and 2.5% NaOCl for 1, 5 and 10 min. Then each cone was kept in Eppendorf tubes containing BHI sterile solution at 37°C for 48 h. The presence of turbidity in BHI solution was analyzed. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and 5% Dunn comparisons. P-value was considered statistically significant when P&lt;0.05. Results: Regardless of exposure time, 1% NaOCl and 2.5% NaOCl were the most effective agents for rapid disinfection of gutta-percha cones (P&lt;0.001). All specimens immersed in experimental demineralized solutions presented bacterial growth (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Demineralized solutions tested were not effective for elimination of Enterococcus faecalis on the surface of gutta-percha cones.Keywords: Chemical Substances; Disinfection; Gutta-Percha; Irrigating Solutio

Case Report Sequential MR Images and Radiographs of Epiphyseal Osteomyelitis in the Distal Femur of an Infant

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, especially during the early phase of the disease. The findings of sequential MRIs during the course of treatment in acute osteomyelitis in children have not yet been reported in the literature. We present a case of acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis in the distal femur of an infant. We monitored imaging changes by sequential MRIs and radiographs. MRI was more useful than radiograph for early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic response

Comparative in vitro study of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis reduction using photosensitizers in aPDT

Aim: To compare Enterococcus faecalis reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers, an adjunct to endodontic chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth. Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth were divided into 6 groups (n  =  20): G1- CMP and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- CMP and saline solution; G3- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue; G4- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% toluidine blue; G5- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% tannin; and G6- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% curcumin. A portable semiconductor laser was used (660  nm, 100  mW, 1.8  J, 180s) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a blue LED light-curing (420-480  nm, 1200 mV/cm2 ) in G6. For all groups, a 5 min pre-irradiation time was applied. Samples were collected before (initial collection), immediately after (intermediate collection) and 7 days after CMP (final collection) for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed (p &lt; 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p &gt;&lt; 0.001) and final collections (p &gt;&lt; 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.&gt;&lt; 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p &lt; 0.001) and final collections (p &gt;&lt; 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.&gt;&lt;  0.001) and final collections (p &lt; 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies&gt;&lt; 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies

Odontometria eletrônica em dentes decíduos: revisão de literatura e relato de caso

Aim: To review the main articles found in the literature on the use of Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) in deciduous teeth, and to represent, through a clinical case report, the importance of using these devices during endodontic treatment in deciduous teeth. Review of literature: A search was performed in the main databases, and 13 articles considered most relevant were selected. All studies showed that the determination of odontometry in deciduous teeth using LEF is quite safe and with good accuracy, and the localizer can be used for this purpose. Case report: In the clinical case presented, the use of EAL was fundamental to obtain an accurate odontometry, besides the reduction of chair time and exposure to ionizing radiation. The case was conducted in two sessions, where in the first one the access surgery was performed, electronic odontometry, manual preparation of the canals and use of intracanal medication of calcium hydroxide. In the second session the intracanal medication was removed and the canals were filled using iodoform paste. Discussion: The use of LEF in the endodontic treatment of primary teeth has been shown to be a safe and efficient tool, with better permormance in determining the working length when compared to other methods. Conclusion: According to the studies presented in the literature review and the clinical case presented, we could verify that the use of LEF contributes positively to treatment, especially in terms of time gain and acurate determination of working length.Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão dos principais artigos encontrados na literatura acerca do uso dos Localizadores Eletrônicos Foraminais (LEF) em dentes decíduos e representar através de um relato de caso clínico, a importância do uso destes dispositivos durante o tratamento endodôntico em dentes decíduos. Revisão da literatura: Foi realizada uma busca nas principais bases de dados, e selecionados 13 artigos considerados mais relevantes. Todos os estudos mostraram que a determinação da odontometria em dentes decíduos utilizando o LEF é bastante segura e com boa acurácia, podendo ser utilizado o localizador para esta finalidade. Relato do caso: No caso clínico apresentado, o uso do LEF foi fundamental para a obtenção de uma odontometria precisa, além da diminuição do tempo de cadeira e identificar reabsorções não detectáveis radiograficamente. O caso foi conduzido em duas sessões, onde na primeira foi realizada a cirurgia de acesso, odontometria eletrônica, preparo manual dos canais e utilização de medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio. Na segunda sessão foi removida a medicação intracanal e os canais foram obturados utilizando pasta iodoformada. Discussão: O uso do LEF no tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos tem se mostrado uma ferramenta segura e eficiente, tendo melhor performance na determinação do comprimento de trabalho quando comparado a outros métodos. Conclusão: De acordo com os estudos apresentados na revisão de literatura e o caso clínico apresentado, pudemos constatar que o uso do LEF contribui positivamente ao tratamento, principalmente quanto ao ganho de tempo e determinação confiável e segura do comprimento de trabalho

O USO DO LASER DE ER: YAG NA CIRURGIA PARENDODÔNTICA – RELATO DE CASO

Introdução: Na endodontia os lasers de alta potência têm sido utilizados principalmente na desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares em cirurgia parendodôntica.Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico de cirurgia parendodôntica utilizando o laser de Er: YAG e apresentar as suas vantagens e desvantagens neste emprego.Metodologia: Neste caso, o dente 22 foi diagnosticado com abcesso periapical crônico.&nbsp; Realizou-se a cirurgia de acesso e o preparo químico-cirúrgico com NaOCl 2,5% e endo-PTC, irrigação final com EDTA-T, alternando com NaOCl 2,5% na quantidade de 3mL cada vez, ativando com PUI por 30” e por fim, a medicação intracanal com Ultracal.&nbsp; Mesmo na ausência de exsudato, não houve o fechamento da fístula, ficando o ápice exposto ao meio bucal, havendo então a necessidade da realização da cirurgia parendodôntica. Sendo assim, realizou-se a incisão semi-lunar com laser Er: YAG (200mJ, 3.0W, 15Hz e distância da ponta ativa do laser para o tecido em torno de 4mm), e na apicectomia (100 mJ, 1.0W, 10Hz, distância da ponta ativa do laser para a região operatória em torno de 4mm). Resultado: No presente caso clínico o uso do laser Er:YAG trouxe o benefício de proporcionar uma cirurgia com menor sangramento, além do reparo tecidual em menor tempo que o usual,&nbsp; cicatrização da fístula e o&nbsp; paciente não relatou dor, rubor e infamação no pós-operatórioConclusão: O laser de Er: YAG possui vantagens por proporcionar uma cirurgia com pouco sangramento, vaporizar o tecido de granulação remanescente, auxiliar na redução microbiana, realizar o corte da dentina sem aerosóis e sem deslocar a guta-percha, tendo como desvantagem a necessidade de maior tempo para cortar a dentina e o custo do equipamento

AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE OVICIDA E LARVICIDA DE DEZ EXTRATOS VEGETAIS ANTE Ancylostoma ssp

Several investigations have highlighted coproparasitological Ancylostoma spp. as the helminth species that most frequently parasitize the domestic dog, causing possible damage to the host such as irritability, anorexia, severe anemia and death. Hookworms are intestinal parasites that spend part of their life cycle in the soil, with short periods for egg hatching and larval maturation. It is essential that these two processes occur, so that the parasites may reach their infective stage. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties of extracts from toxic plants collected in the Paraíba Valley region, Brazil, against Ancylostoma spp. Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from 10 plants, by the Soxhlet method, concentrated by solvent evaporation, and the final concentration of extract was adjusted to 10% of the crude extract. Fecal samples from naturally infected dogs were used, from which hookworm eggs were purified, and in parallel culture of larvae was performed using the method of Harada-Mori. Between the plants evaluated, four showed promising results, namely: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Neriumoleander L. (Apocynaceae), Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae) and Brugmansia suaveolens Willd. (Solanaceae), particularly the last two, which showed 100% larvicidal activity at a dilution of 12.5mg/ml, thereby demonstrating the potential use of these extracts for environmental decontamination and the control of Ancylostoma spp. larvae.Diversos inquéritos coproparasitológicos têm destacado Ancylostoma spp. como sendo a espécie de helmintos que mais frequentemente parasita o cão doméstico, podendo gerar uma série de danos ao hospedeiro como irritabilidade, anorexia, anemia severa e morte. Os ancilostomídeos são enteroparasitos que desenvolvem uma parte do seu ciclo de vida no solo, tratando-se de um curto período de maturação de ovos e eclosão e evolução de larvas. É fundamental que esses dois processos ocorram para que o parasito possa evoluir para a fase infectante em seus hospedeiros. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar, in vitro, a propriedade ovicida e larvicida de extratos vegetais de plantas tóxicas coletadas na região do Vale Paraíba ante a Ancylostoma spp. Foram obtidos extratos hidroalcoólicos de dez plantas pelo método de Soxhlet, que foram concentrados por evaporação do solvente, sendo a concentração final do extrato ajustada para 10% do extrato bruto. Amostras fecais de cães naturalmente infectados foram utilizadas, das quais foram purificados ovos de ancilostomídeos e, em paralelo, procedeu-se à cultura de larvas pelo método de Harada- Mori. Das plantas avaliadas, quatro apresentaram resultados promissores: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae), Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae) e Brugmansia suaveolens Willd. (Solanaceae). Merecem destaque as duas últimas, pois apresentaram 100% de atividade larvicida na diluição de 12,5mg/mL, demonstrando, desse modo, o potencial da aplicabilidade destes extratos na descontaminação ambiental no que diz respeito ao controle de larvas de Ancylostoma spp