Characterization and evaluation of acid-modified starch of Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam) as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablets

Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia) starch modified by acid hydrolysis was characterized and compared with native starch as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. The physicochemical and compressional properties (using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations) of modified Chinese yam starch were determined, and its quantitative effects as a binder on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate were analyzed using a 2³ full factorial design. The nature (X1), concentration of starch (X2) and packing fraction (X3) were taken as independent variables and the crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR), disintegration time (DT) and dissolution time (t80) as dependent variables. Acid-modified Chinese yam starch showed a marked reduction (pAmido de inhame chinês (Dioscorea oppositifolia), modificado por meio de hidrólise ácida, foi caracterizado e avaliado como aglutinante em formulações de comprimidos de fosfato de cloroquina, em comparação com o amido nativo. Determinaram-se as propriedades físico-químicas e de compressão (utilizando medidas de densidade e as equações de Heckel e Kawakita). Os efeitos quantitativos do amido modificado como ligante sobre as propriedades mecânicas e de liberação de fosfato de cloroquina foram analisados por meio de um planejamento fatorial completo 2³. Tomaram-se a natureza (X1), a concentração de amido (X2) e a fração de empacotamento (X3) como variáveis independentes e relação força de compressão-friabilidade (RFCE), tempo de desintegração (DT) e tempo de dissolução (t80), como variáveis dependentes. O amido de inhame chinês modificado mostrou redução marcante (

Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Cookies Produced from Sweet Potato- Maize Flour Blends

This study was carried out to observe the physico-chemical and functional properties of cookies produced from sweet potato- maize flour blends. Substitution of maize flour with sweet potato flour reduced the protein from 6.8-4.4%, moisture from 5.3-5.0%, crude fibre 3.4-2.5% and fat 9.8-8.5% of the composite flours and the cookies. The ash and sugar contents were increased from 4.3-5.8% for ash and 2.1-3.9% for sugar with increase in sweet potato flour substitution. The calorific value of the cookies decreased from 457-397cal/100g as the percentage of sweet potato flour increased in the maize flour cookies. The water binding capacity increased from 0.9-1.7 and the starch swelling power decreased from 10.1-5.3 at 950C with increase in sweet potato flour content in the flour mixture. The bulk density and dispensability decreased from 4.6-3.3g/ml and 48.3-47.1ml/g respectively in the flour as the content of the sweet potato in the composition increased. Keywords: cookies, sweet potato, maize, flour, quality

Evaluation of the microbial community, acidity and proximate composition of akamu, a fermented maize food

Abstract BACKGROUND Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis. The relationships between pH, acidity and lactic acid levels and proximate composition of the akamu samples were investigated. RESULTS The LAB communities in the akamu samples comprised mainly Lactobacillus species, including Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lb. helveticus, as well as Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. Identified yeasts were Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Clavispora lusitaniae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Low pH (3.22–3.95) was accompanied by high lactic acid concentrations (43.10–84.29 mmol kg−1). Protein (31.88–74.32 g kg−1) and lipid (17.74–36.83 g kg−1) contents were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content (897.48–926.20 g kg−1, of which ≤1 g kg−1 was sugars). Ash was either not detected or present only in trace amounts (≤4 g kg−1). Energy levels ranged from 17.29 to 18.37 kJ g−1. CONCLUSION The akamu samples were predominantly starchy foods and had pH < 4.0 owing to the activities of fermentative LAB. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industr

Effect of physicochemical properties of sorghum starch and endosperm on the quality of a traditional African food

Typescript (photocopy).Physicochemical properties of starch and endosperm were characterized for several sorghumcultivars. A small scale laboratory method was developed for cooking to in acid and alkali media using 9.5 g sorghum flour. Testing procedures were established to characterize to properties. Then the effects of the physicochemical properties on the texture storage and color of to were evaluated. Alkali to (pH 8.8) was stickier and softer than acid to (pH 4.6) in all samples. Acid to was lighter in color than alkali to. Storage for 24 hr. at up to 35(DEGREES)C decreased the stickiness and softness of to from most sorghum varieties. The genetic property of the grain, the environment during growth and maturation and the pH of the cooking medium all interracted to determine textural and keeping properties of to. Thousand kernel weight, was not related to to textural properties. However kernel density and endosperm texture were significantly related to the texture of acid to. Flour particle size increased as the corneous portion of the kernel increased. Acid to from grains with corneous endosperms were firmer and less sticky than to from floury endosperms. However, endosperm texture and flour particle size were not related to texture of alkali to. Protein, starch and amylose content of the endosperm did not significantly relate to to texture. The enzyme susceptible starch in the flour was related to to texture (r = 0.68). Waxy sorghums make very soft and sticky to. Starch pasting and setback viscosities were significantly correlated with texture of acid to. The relationship between the amylograph cooking properties of flour and to texture was significantly due to differences in pH of the cooking media and parameters measured. Starch swelling power and solubility are not significantly related with to quality. However starch granule size affected the texture of stored alkali to significantly (r = 0.60)

Characterization of selected sorghums for the preparation of ogi, a Nigerian fermented food

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 54-58.Not availabl

Nutritive Composition and Sensory Properties of Ogi Fortified with Okra Seed Meal

Maize ogi was fortified with defatted and roasted okra seed meals at substitution levels of 0,10 and 20%. Dry matter recovery levels during production of ogi, raw and roasted okra seed meals were 98.9, 97.3 and 94.7%, respectively. Okra –fortification of ogi at 20% level using defatted and roasted meals increased crude protein content by 122 and 106%, respectively. Ash content was increased by 2 – to 5 - fold due to the fortification. The fat content of samples fortified with 10 and 20% roasted okra seed meal were increased by 1.5 and 2.2%, respectively. Ogi supplemented with roasted okra seed meal had higher viscosities during heating and cooling cycles than samples fortified with the defatted meal. The former samples also had slightly higher sensory scores for colour and taste although all fortified samples were acceptable @JASE

Effect of physicochemical properties of sorghum starch and endosperm on the quality of a traditional African food

Typescript (photocopy).Physicochemical properties of starch and endosperm were characterized for several sorghumcultivars. A small scale laboratory method was developed for cooking to in acid and alkali media using 9.5 g sorghum flour. Testing procedures were established to characterize to properties. Then the effects of the physicochemical properties on the texture storage and color of to were evaluated. Alkali to (pH 8.8) was stickier and softer than acid to (pH 4.6) in all samples. Acid to was lighter in color than alkali to. Storage for 24 hr. at up to 35(DEGREES)C decreased the stickiness and softness of to from most sorghum varieties. The genetic property of the grain, the environment during growth and maturation and the pH of the cooking medium all interracted to determine textural and keeping properties of to. Thousand kernel weight, was not related to to textural properties. However kernel density and endosperm texture were significantly related to the texture of acid to. Flour particle size increased as the corneous portion of the kernel increased. Acid to from grains with corneous endosperms were firmer and less sticky than to from floury endosperms. However, endosperm texture and flour particle size were not related to texture of alkali to. Protein, starch and amylose content of the endosperm did not significantly relate to to texture. The enzyme susceptible starch in the flour was related to to texture (r = 0.68). Waxy sorghums make very soft and sticky to. Starch pasting and setback viscosities were significantly correlated with texture of acid to. The relationship between the amylograph cooking properties of flour and to texture was significantly due to differences in pH of the cooking media and parameters measured. Starch swelling power and solubility are not significantly related with to quality. However starch granule size affected the texture of stored alkali to significantly (r = 0.60)