Pre-service Teachers’ Awareness of Communicative Behavior Variations in Translated Film Discourse

AbstractThe issue of national communicative behavior research became urgent with the rapid development of international relations. Interest to the representatives of another lingua cultural community grows together with the development of the latter. The films provide the audience an opportunity not only to embrace the atmosphere of modern life of that or another country but also to get acquainted with its cultural features and traditions. The present paper discusses the study conducted in one of Kazakhstani universities (Suleyman Demirel University) aiming at investigating awareness of pre-service teachers of the variations in verbal and nonverbal communicative behaviors of Kazakhs and Americans through the means of original and translated film discourse on an example of one of the latest movies The Amazing Spider Man. The results of the study showed that the majority of the pre-service teachers are aware of the differences in communicative culture, both verbal and nonverbal of Kazakhs and Americans

Scientific Program "Discovery Kazakhstan”: Overcoming Break-up in Intercultural Communication

The article is aimed at analyzing a short-term experiment held on the basis of Suleyman Demirel University (Almaty, Kazakhstan) in the frame of the program “Discovery Kazakhstan”. The program included language courses (Turkish, Russian, Kazakh and English) in combination with tourist and scientific components and popular science information, mainly related to cultural studies. The program also included the course “Modern Kazakhstan: its social, economic and cultural potential”, which details the features of the Kazakhstani economy, Kazakh and Russian cultures, milestones of Kazakh history and peculiarities of education system in Kazakhstan. Participants of the program “Discovery Kazakhstan” were students from Turkey, USA and Malaysia. The experiment showed that a combination of language courses with tourist and scientific programs, as well as with some elements of entertainment, provides opportunities for improving and optimizing the educational process as a whole and for growing rapport between nations through the implementation of a soft power policy and intercultural contacts, in particular. Keywords: Kazakh culture, Russian culture, soft power policy, summer school, language courses, scientific touris

Association of Insomnia with Anxiety and Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with sleep disorders, which in turn may lead to anxiety and depression. Sleep deprivation impairs glucose metabolism causing a decrease in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The present study aimed to determine the association of insomnia with anxiety and depression in patients with T2DM.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 at the Endocrinological Department of City Clinical Hospital №1, affiliated with Astana Medical University (Astana, Kazakhstan). A total of 376 patients with decompensated T2DM were included in the study. Insomnia was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of insomnia with anxiety and depression.Results: All patients showed signs of sleep disturbances. Based on the HADS cutoff score >8, anxiety and depression were observed in 48 (12.80%) and 46 (12.20%) patients, respectively. PSQI, ISI, and HADS indicators were associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression symptoms. In terms of anxiety, the adjusted odds ratio for PSQI and ISI scores were 1.09 (P=0.08) and 1.07 (P=0.01), respectively. These for depression were 1.10 (P=0.06) and 1.07 (P=0.01), respectively.Conclusion: Sleep quality is an important indicator of psychological health in patients with T2DM, especially those who exhibit signs of anxiety and depression

Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide and its burden is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, many of which are unable to face the challenges it imposes. In this Health Policy paper on primary stroke prevention, we provide an overview of the current situation regarding primary prevention services, estimate the cost of stroke and stroke prevention, and identify deficiencies in existing guidelines and gaps in primary prevention. We also offer a set of pragmatic solutions for implementation of primary stroke prevention, with an emphasis on the role of governments and population-wide strategies, including task-shifting and sharing and health system re-engineering. Implementation of primary stroke prevention involves patients, health professionals, funders, policy makers, implementation partners, and the entire population along the life course

The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five electronic databases for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published up to May 6, 2016, reporting risks of health outcomes, consisting of substance use, sexual health, mental health, weight and physical exercise, violence, and physical health status and conditions, associated with multiple ACEs. We selected articles that presented risk estimates for individuals with at least four ACEs compared with those with none for outcomes with sufficient data for meta-analysis (at least four populations). Included studies also focused on adults aged at least 18 years with a sample size of at least 100. We excluded studies based on high-risk or clinical populations. We extracted data from published reports. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. Findings Of 11 621 references identified by the search, 37 included studies provided risk estimates for 23 outcomes, with a total of 253 719 participants. Individuals with at least four ACEs were at increased risk of all health outcomes compared with individuals with no ACEs. Associations were weak or modest for physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two); moderate for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three), strong for sexual risk taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to six), and strongest for problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed violence (ORs of more than seven). We identified considerable heterogeneity (I 2 of > 75%) between estimates for almost half of the outcomes. Interpretation To have multiple ACEs is a major risk factor for many health conditions. The outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs represent ACE risks for the next generation (eg, violence, mental illness, and substance use). To sustain improvements in public health requires a shift in focus to include prevention of ACEs, resilience building, and ACE-informed service provision. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a global platform to reduce ACEs and their life-course effect on health. Funding Public Health Wales. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licens

Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide and its burden is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, many of which are unable to face the challenges it imposes. In this Health Policy paper on primary stroke prevention, we provide an overview of the current situation regarding primary prevention services, estimate the cost of stroke and stroke prevention, and identify deficiencies in existing guidelines and gaps in primary prevention. We also offer a set of pragmatic solutions for implementation of primary stroke prevention, with an emphasis on the role of governments and population-wide strategies, including task-shifting and sharing and health system re-engineering. Implementation of primary stroke prevention involves patients, health professionals, funders, policy makers, implementation partners, and the entire population along the life course