Historical background for the formation of manuscript book art of the Tatars

The chosen theme is relevant since in the modern world researchers address to the study of national traditional cultures. Comprehension of the book art significance in its historical evolution is one of the conditions for solving not only the preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments but it is also the study of the cultures genesis and finding the way for their further development. The article is aimed at revealing the factors of the formation and development of the book art traditions, determined by objective historical conditions. In this the worldview of the mystical and ascetic teachings of Islam - Sufism, which is characterized by the cult of poverty, played a fundamental role. The research of the problem is based on the classical methods of various sciences: history, cultural studies, art history, which allows creating a holistic picture of the book art development in the culture of the Tatars.peer-reviewe

Regional problems in the North-East Africa

This paper deals with the analysis of the regional security problems in the North-East Africa. The author refers in the introduction to the colonial past of the African continent, when the territory of African countries was arbitrarily divided between the major colonial powers. After the Second World War as a result of raising the national liberation movement the African peoples gained independence, but the colonial past has left its imprint on the new independent states in the form of a series of armed conflicts, upon which the author dwells in the main part. The author pays major attention to the conflicts in the North-East Africa, particularly, in the Horn of Africa. The author exhaustively covers the main causes of African conflicts such as the colonial past of these countries, arbitrarily set boundaries, as a result of which many of African nations were divided, as well as difficult post-colonial national-state development, and the active intervention of external forces. The conflicts in Somalia, Sudan, inter-state conflicts between Ethiopia and Somalia and between Ethiopia and Eritrea have been considered. There have been distinguished regional and international organizations, which in prospect should assume the responsibility for the maintenance of regional security.peer-reviewe

The role of the Tatar educational elite in the formation of national socio-political thought at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries (modern research aspects)

At the end of the 20th century, changes took place in the world that forced politicians and scientists to rethink many seemingly established postulates about the laws of social life and about the ways of development of human civilization. The modern development of the social movement among the Tatars of Russia, and especially the national processes in Tatarstan largely repeat the trends in the development of the nation in the pre-Soviet period. The main role in the social movement of nations is played by the activities of the elite aimed at creating political, educational and cultural institutions. The turning point in the history of the Tatar people should be considered the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century. The Tatar ideology was created during the period of rapid development of bourgeois socio-economic relations (especially noticeable among the Tatars of the Volga-Ural region) and the rise of national culture. However, until recently, the sources and works of authors of different times have not been fully studied, although they contain data on the processes of formation of the Tatar social factor and the Tatar nation itself in the context of the development of the Russian community

Dialogue of cultures : concept in Russian humanities

The urgency of the problem under study is caused by the lack of a common opinion in the scientific social and humanitarian community about the content of "culture dialogue" concept and the interdisciplinary status of cultural research. The article is aimed at the revealing of the variety of used terms identical to "culture dialogue" and the presentation of a possible classification of values that are laid down in this term depending on the research problem. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the poly-paradigmatic approach, in which the main research method is the comparative analysis method, aimed at the comparison of existing definitions, the determination of their common and specific base components. The main results of the article represent the approaches to the definition of "culture dialogue" existing in the Russian humanitarian field. The materials of the article can be useful to develop the lecture materials for the students studying a wide range of social humanitarian educational programs, during the selection of a methodological approach in anthropological, historical, cultural, artistic, scientific and philosophical studies.peer-reviewe

COUNTRY COMMUNITY OF RUSSIA IN A. I. CHUPRO'S WORKS

Purpose: The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the need for deep studying of the history of Russian economic science at the end of XIX – the beginning of the 20th century. It is possible to reach a result only through research of certain representatives’ heritage. A.I. Chuprov's activity was aimed at studying a number of questions of economic and social development of Russia. The important place was given to issues of country community reforming. A.I. Chuprov belonged to a number of consecutive opponents of the agrarian reform undertaken by P.A. Stolypin. The concept of country community development presented in the works of A.I. Chuprov is explained in the paper. Methodology: The leading methods of the research are the system analysis that has allowed submitting A.I. Chuprov’s communal concept and also the dialectic method opening his logic of interrelation of economic views and public beliefs. Result: The main results of the article allow presenting A.I. Chuprov's views of agrarian reform at the beginning of the 20th century and a way of modernization of social and economic situation in a village. Materials of the article can be used during the formation of lecture courses for students studying a wide range of socio-humanistic educational programs. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Country Community of Russia in A.I. Chupro's Works are presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Activity features of catalysts for thermocatalytic hydrogenation processing of polymer waste

The aim of this study was to obtain new catalysts for the processing of carbon-containing polymer waste based on polyethylene and polypropylene, represented mostly by lids from beverages bottled in plastic containers, which accumulate in huge quantities in landfills, by the method of thermocatalytic hydrogenation into liquid fuels and other products. The process was carried out in the presence of fuel oil as a binder, a source of hydrogen and additional hydrocarbons. Thus, two tasks can be solved simultaneously: recycling the polymer waste and obtaining the alternative raw materials from the polymer waste in order to save resources and improve the environmental situation in general. New catalysts based on activated zeolite modified with Mo(VI) and W(VI) salts of various concentrations for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation processing of waste plastics into motor fuels were synthesized. The composition, structure, morphology and adsorption properties of the catalysts were determined by different physicochemical methods. The suitability of the obtained catalysts for use in the thermocatalytic hydrogenation processing of plastic waste into fuels was determined. The catalysts were tested during the processing of a mixture of polyethylene-polypropylene: a paste-forming agent (fuel oil) at T=450 °C and a pressure of 0.6 MPa. The individual and group composition of gasoline, diesel and gas oil fractions was determined by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The maximum yield of the gasoline fraction (16.9 wt.%) and diesel fraction (39.31 wt.%) was obtained on a 2%W(VI)/diatomite catalyst