Comparison of Ultrafiltration and Size-Exclusion Chromatography Performances for Proteins Desalination

Protein purification is a part of biotechnology. Its application can vary from laboratory researches to industrial production. Nowadays there are a lot of different methods of purification, which involve chromatographic and membrane-based separations. This thesis work was based on research project which was done during my practical training in summer 2013 in IUT Nancy-Brabois. The objectives of this work were to define the best conditions of size exclusion chromatography and ultrafiltration for separation protein-salt mixture, to observe its effect on performances such as purity, production yield, productivity, and to compare these two methods. It is important for process optimization, saving time and energy. This work consists of two parts: theory background and experimental. In first part different purification methods, basic principle of chromatography and membrane based separations are explained for better understanding of the research project. The information is based on literature review. In second part process of work is described and obtained results are shown. The performances of these separation methods depend on different conditions: in ultrafiltration it is flow rate and diavolumes, in chromatography it is injection volume, bed height and flow rate. The results show that in laboratory scale ultrafiltration is more efficient in protein desalination, but with this method high values of purity cannot be reached without losing sufficient protein mass

Islam and politics in Malaysia since 1957: fluctuation between moderation and radicalisation of the state, society and religion

This paper discusses the relationship in post-independence Malaysia between the state, civil society and the country’s dominant religion, that is, Islam. When Malaya obtained independence from the British in 1957, many expected that Islam would lead to social and economic decline. The constitution states that Islam is the state religion, although it also states that religious freedom for non-Muslims is assured without discrimination. Since then, religious affairs have remained a state responsibility and Malaysia has been hailed for decades as an oasis of moderate Islam. However, during the last few years religiously motivated hatred has become prevalent and popular in Malaysia for many reasons. This paper underlines the factors that have led to the growth of hate and the decline of the moderate Islam previously found in Malaysia. It proposes that the radicalisation of Malaysian Muslims should be evaluated within the framework of current geopolitics and the impact on the well-being of the Muslim world, rather than localising it into regional and national faults. The paper argues that Islam in Malaysia is an instrument that shapes the political behaviour of the public and the ruling elite. Lastly, the paper proposes that effective governance and ensuring that citizens’ rights are respected are some of the most effective ways of eliminating extremism and preventing radicalisatio

The impact of nationalism on civilisational development and human security: works of Said Nursi and Musa Jārullāh

This essay is an attempt to outline the ideology of nationalism, its types and impact on the well-being of societies from the viewpoints of two Muslim intellectuals, Said Nursi and Musa Jārullāh. Based on the predictions of these two scholars and the current political developments, it identifies the ideas of negative nationalism and racism to be one of the main reasons behind moral corruption, social, political and economic injustice prevalent in the modern world; and it offers some solutions to bring compassion, security, peace and harmony to humankind. The essay suggests that the universal principles of peace, fairness and virtue derived from the revealed religions can produce true civilisations, and offer true happiness and harmony to all members of the society regardless of their ethnic or ideological backgrounds. It also suggests that modern methods of studying political and social developments in the Muslim world should be urgently revised

Restoring Islamic Golden Age: 21st Century Bayt al-Hikmah

This paper discusses the issue of Bayt al-Hikmah in the 21st Century. It focuses on the following questions: 1. Is it possible to have a Bayt al-Hikmah today? 2. If Yes, HOW? In WHAT form? WHERE? Or WHICH Country does deserve to be a place for it

The formation of history as a discipline during early Islamic history

This paper highlights the importance of history as a discipline and a branch of knowledge in early Islamic intellectual life. It first underlines that Islam, as a creed and culture, is a history-conscious religion that was born among the Arabs, who inherited well-established methodologies of oral tradition and writing of genealogies from their history-loving ancestors, thus facilitating the formation of history as a branch of revealed knowledge (naqli) along with ‘ilm al-hadith and ‘ilm al-tafasir as early as the second century after the hijrah

Assessing 6th and 8th Grades Students’ Reading Skills and Literacy in Kazakh, Russian, and English Languages in Kazakhstan

This research study aimed to assess and explore the issue of poor reading literacy skills among young learners in the middle school in Kazakhstan. In particular, our broader goal is to develop a modified framework of recommendation and suggestions for teaching and learning reading skills in Kazakhstan in the native and second languages (i.e. Kazakh or Russian), and in English as a foreign language. Consequently, we firstly focused on assessing reading skills and literacy development in Kazakh and Russian languages as a native and/or second language (L1)/ (L2), and English as a foreign language (EFL). This could help us to define the core issue while teaching reading skills to young Kazakhstani learners. Secondly, we revealed several factors in questionnaires regarding students’ socio-economic status, reading attitude, classroom climate, engagement, and reading metacognitive awareness while reading process. The evidences may assure explanation of poor results in reading literacy among Kazakhstani 15-year-old students, which were below the average while performing international surveys like PISA, and PIRLS. Thirdly, we assessed 6th and 8th grade students’ reading skills in English, Kazakh, and Russian. In total (N = 4,274) participants took part in the computer based assessment. Finally, the obtained results may track us to provide suggestions and recommendations for reading literacy, and further modification in the assessment process in the middle secondary education of Kazakhstan. Even young adolescents had positive reading attitude and insignificant gender differences (49.9% - boys, 51.2 % - girls), the analysis showed that middle school learners in Kazakhstan had poor reading skills in the target languages. In addition, we found that latent factors (i.e., classroom climate, engagement, reading attitude, and reading strategies) did not affect reading comprehension tests in English, Kazakh, and Russian languages. The weak relationship between classroom climate and engagement towards reading achievement might indicate insufficient learning environment, low teacher-student interaction, and scarce support from peers or parents towards reading skills in the target languages. Moreover, the analysis highlighted several drawbacks among young learners while teaching and learning reading skills and developing literacy in the languages. Likewise, policy makers, teachers, parents, and other stakeholders should put serious attention to the content of core curricular programme for teaching reading skills in L1, L2, and EFL. The findings also suggested that reading for pleasure in and out of school might consider being a challenging activity for children in the middle school. Interestingly though, bilingual learners seemed to use more reading strategies in performing reading comprehension tests than monolinguals in the respected languages. Therefore, to boost the importance of reading literacy for young learners in the middle school, appropriate programme are required to preparing young learners think critically, and improving the quality. Furthermore, the qualitative assessment of teachers and the school staff are necessary to explore the quality of teaching and assessing reading literacy skills in the respective languages

Musa Jarullah Bigiyev

Musa Jārullāh Bigiyev was a Muslim Tatar religious scholar, journalist, politician, educator and a prolific writer, who devoted his entire life to reconciling Islam with modern progress. He published more than sixty books in Arabic and Old Ottoman dealing with the issues of Islamic jurisprudence, theology, sciences of the Qur’an, sciences of the hadith, literature, economics, law, politics and history