Determination of risk factors for instability in pediatric distal radius fractures

Aim: Distal radius fractures (DRF) are one of the most common injuries in childhood. DRF most commonly occurs as a result of low-energy falls onto an outstretched hand, resulting in axial loading of the metaphysodiaphyseal junction of skeletally immature long bones. One of the most common complications after the closed reduction and casting of displaced DRF is fracture relocation or loss of reduction. The aim of our study is to investigate the characteristics of these fractures by retrospectively scanning the patients who require surgical intervention in patients with distal radius fractures. Methods: Between January 2018 and January 2021, patients aged 1-16 years with a diagnosis of distal radius fracture who were treated in our hospital were included in this study. The preoperative X-rays of the patients were evaluated and the fractures were classified according to their displacement ratio. The reduction quality was rated according to the study of Alemdaroglu criteria. The distance of the fracture line to the joint line, the presence of ipsilateral ulna fracture, the angle of the fracture, and whether it was fragmented were determined. Patients with and without surgery were compared. Results: 206 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A significant difference was found between the non-operated and operated groups in terms of age by Student's t-test (p=0.032). The distance from the fracture line of the surgical group to the joint line was measured to be 43.8 mm on average. A significant difference was found between the non-operated and operated groups in terms of the joint line distance of the fracture line by Student's t-test (p=0.010).  There was a significant difference between the groups according to the Alemdaroğlu criteria and Mania criteria (p=0.001). Conclusions: Our results show that complete displacement of distal radius fracture and non-anatomical reduction are important risk factors for re-displacement and therefore emerge as surgical indications in pediatric patients. Our study also emphasizes that surgical treatment may be required in older pediatric patients when the ulna fracture coexistence and the joint distance of the fracture line increases

Distributed Probabilistic Synchronization Algorithms for Communication Networks

In this paper, we present a probabilistic synchronization algorithm whose convergence properties are examined using tools of rowstochastic matrices. The proposed algorithm is particularly well suited for wireless sensor network applications, where connectivity is not guaranteed at all times, and energy efficiency is an important design consideration. The tradeoff between the convergence speed and the energy use is studied

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Following Myodil Myelography

Objective: Fat-saturated contrast agent-enhanced myelography was used for the purpose of diagnosing most spinal lesions from the beginning of the 19th century until the end of the 20th century. Myodil was among the agents used for many years for this purpose.Methods: A rare long-term complication of myodil myelography is presented with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption disorder occurring years after myelography that caused a secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus.Results: A case of normal pressure hydrocephalus with a slowly developing clinical picture that emerged years after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for a myodil myelography 25 years ago due to suspicion of lumbar spinal stenosis was treated. Conclusions: Many acute and chronic complications of fat-saturated contrast agents were reported. Because of these complications and with the technological developments in due course, these agents are replaced by computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or hydrophilic contrast agents.Keywords: Normal pressure hydrocephalus, myelography, myodil DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v3n1.40

Variations in associative memory design

Ankara : The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the Institute of Engineering and Sciences of Bilkent University, 1996.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1996.Includes bibliographical references leaves 66-68.This thesis is concerned with the anaiysis and synthesis of neurai networks to be used as associative memories. First considering a discrete-time neurai network modei which uses a quantizer-type muitiievei activation function, a way of seiecting the connection weights is proposed. In addition to this, the idea of overiapping decompositions, which is extensiveiy used in the soiution of iarge-scaie probiems, is appiied to discrete-time neurai networks with binary neurons. 'I’lie necesscuy toois for expansions and contractions are derived, and algorithms for decomposition of a set equiiibria into smaiier dimensionai equiiibria sets and for designing neurai networks for these smaiier ciimensionai equiiibria sets are given. The concept is iiiustrated with various exarnpies.Akar, MehmetM.S

Epidemiological investigation and ultrasonographic results of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants aged 0-6 months

Aim: To determine the prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), a common condition in our region, and investigate the underlying factors contributing to its occurrence. Methods: A total of 715 hips from 370 newborns were evaluated using ultrasonography. The patients' gender, alpha, and beta angles, affected hip, and Graf classification types were noted. Risk factors were compared between the groups. Patients diagnosed with DDH were treated with the Pavlik harness. Results: In the initial evaluation, 61 out of 370 patients (16%) were diagnosed with Graf type 2c, 3, or 4 hips. 48 patients were female, and 13 patients were male. Patients who were female (20.1%) had a statistically significant greater incidence of DDH than patients who were male (9.8%) (p<0.05). In terms of statistical significance, there was no difference between DDH incidence in the right hip and left hip (p>0.05). The application of swaddling was more frequent in the group with diagnosed DDH compared to the normal group (p<0,05). Pavlik treatment was applied to 41 hips. After the treatment, 30 hips converted to type 1 hips. Six hips remained as type 2b, three hips progressed to type 2c, and one hip progressed to type 3. Conclusions: DDH continues to be a widespread concern. The incidence in our region is higher compared to other areas. Enhancing screening initiatives, pinpointing key risk factors, and bolstering family education are imperative steps towards its prevention

Examining the measurement invariance of the teachers' sense of self-efficacy scale in terms of gender

The aim of this research was to analyze the measurement invariance of the "Teachers' Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale," developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, and adapted into Turkish and Turkish culture by Çapa, Çakıroğlu and Sarıkaya, with respect to gender. Turkish version of the scale consists of 24 items and 3 subscales. The scale measures pre-service teachers' and teachers' sense of and belief in self-efficacy for student engagement, classroom management and instructional strategies. Research revealed that the scale is being used by a myriad of researchers. The sample of this study consists of 267 female, 163 male pre-service teachers who participated in the Pedagogical Formation Certificate Traning at Inönü University in the 2017-2018 academic years. First of all, CFA was executed in order to confirm the validity of the scale's current structure for both genders which was confirmed based on the analysis results. Then, MGCFA was executed to analyze the scale's measurement invariance in terms of gender. The results of the MGCFA indicated that the scale has the measurement invariance with respect to gender at each of the stages of strict, metric, scalar and configural invariance

Adaptive Rollover Prevention for Automotive Vehicles with Differential Braking

In this paper we present an adaptive controller implementation based on the multiple models, switching, and tuning (MMST) paradigm for preventing untripped rollover in automotive vehicles. Our approach relies on differential-braking to keep the value of the Load Transfer Ratio (LTR) below a threshold. We first employ multiple models to infer the unknown center of gravity height and the suspension parameters of the vehicle, which are subsequently used to switch to the corresponding rollover controller. The proposed multicontroller switched scheme is shown via numerical simulations to result in better performance than its fixed robust counterpart

Hafif elektrikli araç için FDAM tasarım ve uygulaması

The popularity of electrical vehicles is increasing rapidly in recent years due to energy generation/consumption ratio, transportation costs, decrease in fossil fuel reserves with increasing population as well as the environmental damage caused by fossil fuels. Therefore, Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motor design was actualized in the present study for use in electrical vehicles expected to replace the transportation vehicles of today. Firstly, analytical design of the targeted motor was completed after which the Finite Elements Method was used for modelling. Ansys Maxwell Program is one of the package programs used in FEM. This study was carried out with Ansys Maxwell Electromagnetic Suite version 17.2 . The prototype motor was manufactured after reaching the desired results with Finite Elements Method and experimental studies commenced with the experiment setup prepared in the laboratory environment. Experimental results were compared with electromagnetic results. Finally, the prototype motor was mounted on the ElektroGOP vehicle and it was observed to work without problem at the expected performance during the test drives.Son yıllarda artan nüfusla birlikte enerji üretim/tüketim oranı, ulaşım giderleri, fosil yakıt rezervlerinin azalması ve fosil yakıtların çevreye verdikleri zararlar gibi başlıca etkenler sebebiyle elektrikli araçların popülaritesi hızlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Dolasıyla elektrikli araç ve ekipmanları üzerine yapılan çalışmalar da artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada günümüz ulaşım araçlarının yerini alan elektrikli araçlarda kullanılması hedeflenen Fırçasız Doğru Akım Motor (FDAM) tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öncelikle hedeflenen motorun analitik tasarımı yapılarak Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi (SEY) ile modellemesi yapılmıştır. Ansys Maxwell Programı SEY'de kullanılan paket programlardan biridir. Bu çalışma Ansys Maxwell Elektromanyetik Suite 17.2 versiyonu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. SEY ile hedeflenen sonuçlara ulaşıldıktan sonra motorun protorip üretimi gerçekleştirilmiş ve prototip motorun, laboratuvar ortamında hazırlanan deney düzeneği ile deneysel çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar elektromanyetik sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Son olarak prototip motor ElektroGOP aracına monte edilmiş ve sürüş denemelerinde motorun hedeflenen performansta ve sorunsuz şekilde çalıştığı görülmüştür

Identification of Durum Wheat Cultivars and Their Tetraploid Relatives with Low Cadmium Content

U ovom su radu okarakterizirani genotipovi 71 kultivara tvrde pšenice (Triticum durum Desf.), 22 kultivara dvozrnca (Triticum dicoccum L.) i 11 kultivara divlje dvozrne pšenice (Triticum dicoccoides L.) u svrhu pronalaska alela povezanih s većim udjelom kadmija. Nakon toga je uzgojem u posudi ispitan fenotip 14 odabranih kultivara s malim i velikim udjelom kadmija, radi potvrde genotipskih podataka. Identificirana su 32 genotipa tvrde (durum) pšenice, jedan kultivar dvozrnca i četiri kultivara divlje dvozrne pšenice koji sadržavaju alele povezane s velikim udjelom kadmija, te 68 genotipova koji sadržavaju alele povezane s malim udjelom kadmija, i to 39 kultivara durum pšenice, 21 dvozrnca i 7 divlje dvozrne pšenice. Povrh toga, fenotipske karakteristike uočene nakon uzgoja u posudama potvrdile su rezultate molekularne analize. Marker je uspješno upotrijebljen za klasifikaciju kultivara durum pšenice u one s velikim ili malim udjelom kadmija, pa je zaključeno da se može upotrijebiti u programu uzgoja novih kultivara durum pšenice koja sadržava alele povezane s malim udjelom kadmija. Zbog rutinske primjene fosfornih gnojiva na poljoprivrednim površinama i utjecaja ostalih antropogenih čimbenika što dovode do akumulacije toksičnog kadmija, treba čim prije razviti nove kultivare durum pšenice s malim udjelom kadmija za sigurnu proizvodnju makarona i ostalih tipova pšeničnih proizvoda za prehranu ljudi i ishranu stoke.In this study, 71 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf.), 22 emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) and 11 wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides L.) genotypes were genetically characterized to determine the alleles associated with high cadmium (Cd) content. After genotypic characterization, 14 cultivars selected among all genotypes with low and high Cd content were phenotyped by a pot experiment to verify the genotypic data. Identification of 32 durum wheat, one emmer wheat and four wild emmer genotypes showed that they have alleles associated with high Cd content, while 68 genotypes of which 39 durum wheat, 21 emmer wheat and 7 wild emmer cultivars had alleles associated with low Cd content. Moreover, phenotypic data obtained from pot experiment were similar to the molecular data. To sum up, the marker successfully classified durum wheat cultivars into either high or low accumulators and these results can be safely used in breeding programs to improve new durum wheat cultivars with alleles associated with low Cd content. Due to routine use of phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural areas and other anthropogenic factors related to Cd toxicity, new durum wheat cultivars with low Cd content should be urgently developed for safe production of macaroni or other types of wheat products for human and animal consumption

Realtime Multiple-Model Estimation of Center of Gravity Position in Automotive Vehicles

In this paper we present a methodology based on multiple models and switching for realtime estimation of center of gravity (CG) position in automotive vehicles. The method utilizes well-known simple linear vehicle models for lateral and roll dynamics and assumes the availability of standard stock automotive sensors. We illustrate the technique with numerical simulations as well as with measured sensor data from an SUV vehicle. We also compare our estimation results with traditional linear-least squares estimators to show the efficacy of our technique. Finally, we give a simple application example for implementing the idea in automotive vehicles as a switch for rollover controller activation