Analysis of disruptive selection in subdivided populations

BACKGROUND: Analytical methods have been proposed to determine whether there are evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) for a trait of ecological significance, or whether there is disruptive selection in a population approaching a candidate ESS. These criteria do not take into account all consequences of small patch size in populations with limited dispersal. RESULTS: We derive local stability conditions which account for the consequences of small and constant patch size. All results are derived from considering R(m), the overall production of successful emigrants from a patch initially colonized by a single mutant immigrant. Further, the results are interpreted in term of concepts of inclusive fitness theory. The condition for convergence to an evolutionarily stable strategy is proportional to some previous expressions for inclusive fitness. The condition for evolutionary stability stricto sensu takes into account effects of selection on relatedness, which cannot be neglected. It is function of the relatedness between pairs of genes in a neutral model and also of a three-genes relationship. Based on these results, I analyze basic models of dispersal and of competition for resources. In the latter scenario there are cases of global instability despite local stability. The results are developed for haploid island models with constant patch size, but the techniques demonstrated here would apply to more general scenarios with an island mode of dispersal. CONCLUSIONS: The results allow to identity and to analyze the relative importance of the different selective pressures involved. They bridge the gap between the modelling frameworks that have led to the R(m )concept and to inclusive fitness

PENGARUH ATMOSFER, PERSEPSI KUALITAS SERVICE, KUALITAS MENU TERHADAP NIAT UNTUK BERPERILAKU MELALUI KEPUASAN (STUDI KASUS PADA KEDAI KOPI GUBUK SEKAWAN MAGELANG)

ABSTRACT Along with the growing number of coffee shops that exist in Magelang, it can be said that competition in the industry is getting heavy. Therefore, an effort is necessary in order that a coffee shop can survive in the industry. One attempt to do is create a marketing strategy-oriented consumers who strive to provide satisfaction of customer needs and wants. This study contains about quality of service, food quality, and the atmosphere is thought to have an influence on behavioral intentions with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. Specifically, this study wants to examine whether atmospheric, service quality and food quality as important considering in forming the behavioral intentions in Kedai Kopi Gubuk Sekawan Magelang. Survey is a method conducted to collect the data by questionnaire. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 200 visitors who made a purchase in the Kedai Kopi Gubuk Sekawan Magelang. The observations can be analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result shows that atmospheric has a significant influence to customer satisfaction, atmospheric also has a significant influence directly to behavioral intentions. Service quality and food quality also have significant influence to customer satisfaction. Other results show that Kedai Kopi Gubuk Sekawan customer satisfaction has a significant influence on behavioral intentions. In this research, both limitation and implication are also discussed in order to give inside toward theoretical, practical and further research aspects. Keywords: Atmospheric, service quality, food quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) METHOD TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT THE NINTH GRADE OF MTS MUHAMMADIYAH 10 PONOROGO IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2014/2015

Key word : Think Pair Share, Reading Comprehension There are four skills in learning English that are listening, speaking, reading and writing. In this research the writer focuses on reading skill. Reading is the skill which may often used and retained the longest. It is an essential foundation of learning in seeking the information and knowledge. Besides, through the teaching and learning of reading, the students are expected to be able to comprehend a reading material. However, they still get some difficulties to find general information, identifying main idea and identifying explicit and implicit information. Teaching reading In MTs Muhammadiyah 10 Ponorogo is more difficult because students are imaginative than adult learners. It can be seen in which they are not accustomed to think seriously. If they get the assignment to read a text, they will get some difficult problems. English is one of difficult lessons because the lesson book and media are very limited. It makes students bored in English learning especially in reading class. So the reading ability of the students in MTs Muhammadiyah 10 Ponorogo is low. Based on problem in reading class, the researcher finally comes to an idea to implementing technique of Think Pair Share to teach reading comprehension. He hopes it be able to improve reading skill. The steps of implementation Think Pair Share consist of three steps: pre reading, while reading, and post reading. The subject of this research was the students of ninth grade of MTs Muhammadiyah 10 Ponorogo in academic year 2014/2015 which consisted of 13 students. The research was done in four days. The researcher used classroom action research as the research design and the design applied is proposed by Kurt Lewin. The study was conducted in two cycles. The writer used three research instruments. There were observation, questionnaire, and test. Based observation check list percentage of students’ activeness increased. Cycle 1 was 46.87 % and cycle 2 was 69.7%. The result of questionnaire in cycle 1 showed that students who gave good respond in this activity were fewer than 51% and in cycle 2 was more than 51%. Besides, based on the result of test, students who reached the minimum score increase. In cycle I was fewer than 65 and cycle II was more than 65. Based on the findings of the study, it is advisable that the English teacher applies or implements Think Pair Share in their reading classes because the method can improve the students’ reading comprehension

THE REALIZATION OF POLITENESS IN “A DOLL’S HOUSE” SCRIPT

Politeness is considered to be important in the communication. When thepeople are communicating to one another, they are expected to keep thesocial relationship and do not violate another face or called as facethreatening acts (FTAs). This research investigated the realization ofpoliteness in a drama script entitled “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen. Itaims to classify the drama conversation parts into some categorizations ofpoliteness and to analyze why they differ in the context. In its nature, theresearch applied qualitative concepts. Two conversation parts in the firstact of the script were chosen to be the objects of the research. Thesequalitative data were then analyzed and categorized using Goffman’scategorizations of Face Threatening Act (FTA): FTA off record and FTA onrecord (with sub-classes: FTA on-baldly, FTA on record-with negativepoliteness, and FTA on record-with positive politeness). From the analyses,it was concluded that there were some parts belonging to FTA off recordand some belonging to the FTA on record with positive politeness. The firstdata analysis explained much about FTA off record. On the contrary, FTAon record with positive politeness was portrayed in the second analysis. Itshows that people tend to save their inter-interlocutors’ face by usingindirect request, off record, as far as they understand what the speakerswant to. The on record will work if only the first one does not work.Keywords: Politeness, FTA off-record, FTA-on recor

Peran Pendidikan dalam Membentuk Karakter Bangsa Menghadapi Era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (Mea)

MEA yang merupakan akronim dari Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN yang sejatinya merupakan kesepakatan dari Negara-negara di ASEAN untuk membentuk sebuah kawasan bebas keluar masuk barang dan orang tanpa dikenakan bea masuk, salah satu efek yang lain adalah setiap warga anggota negara ASEAN bisa sekolah atau bekerja di tiap negara anggota ASEAN, dan ini yang menjadi tantangan bagi kita. Maka peran pendidikan sangat penting dan krusial dalam membentuk karakter bangsa yang baik dalam untuk menghadapi tantangan globalisasi, sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 3 Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan nasional berfungsi mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk karakter serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Oleh karena itu peran pendidikan yang baik akan membuat Indonesia bisa bertahan, membentukan dan membangun karakter agar dapat meningkatkan daya saing dalam menyongsong MEA (Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN)

Quality Test of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) with Short Open Test Using Law Ohm Approach through Embedded Fuzzy Logic Based on Open Source Arduino Data Logger

A technological development, especially in the field of electronics is very fast. One of the developments in the electronics hardware device is Flexible Flat Cable (FFC), which serves as a media liaison between the main boards with other hardware parts. The production of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) will go through the process of testing and measuring of the quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC). Currently, the testing and measurement is still done manually by observing the Light Emitting Diode (LED) by the operator, so there were many problems. This study will be made of test quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) computationally utilize Open Source Embedded System. The method used is the measurement with Short Open Test method using Ohm's Law approach to 4-wire (Kelvin) and fuzzy logic as a decision maker measurement results based on Open Source Arduino Data Logger. This system uses a sensor current INA219 as a sensor to read the voltage value thus obtained resistance value Flexible Flat Cable (FFC). To get a good system we will do the Black-box testing as well as testing the accuracy and precision with the standard deviation method. In testing the system using three models samples were obtained the test results in the form of standard deviation for the first model of 1.921 second model of 4.567 and 6.300 for the third model. While the value of the Standard Error of Mean (SEM) for the first model of the model 0.304 second at 0.736 and 0.996 of the third model. In testing this system, we will also obtain the average value of the measurement tolerance resistance values for the first model of - 3.50% 4.45% second model and the third model of 5.18% with the standard measurement of prisoners and improve productivity becomes 118.33%. From the results of the testing system is expected to improve the quality and productivity in the process of testing Flexible Flat Cable (FFC)