Üliõpilaste TEadusliku Ühingu osa üliõpilasteaduse organiseerimisel Tartu Riiklikus Ülikoolis 1948-88

The role of the Students’ Research Society in organising students’ research Toivo Hinrikus, Ain Raal UT Institute of Pharmacy   The Students’ research Society was established at Tartu University in 1948. Students’ research in pharmacy started already in the period of Czarist Russia when in 1807 the research of Jakob Ludvig Kagel’s on the composition of coal was awarded with the gold medal. Since that time, under the supervision of lectures, the students made a big number of scientific presentations and written papers for the research contests, many of which were awarded with prizes at the university, Estonian and the all-Soviet Union respective contests. In the present overview the development of students’ research at the university in the Soviet period is discussed. The development of the Students’ Research Society (SRS), the organisation’s structure, the regulations for work, the requirements for the conference and contest papers, the conferences in the pharmacy circle under the auspices of the Students’ Research Society are presented. The activities of the SRS died down in connection with the great changes in society and also at the university when Estonia became independent. All the teaching staff then and in the period immediately after that had been the members of this society. After the period of student research serious research and the active supervision of the students’ papers followed. Consequently, to counterbalance, some Soviet traditions deserving criticism the positive role of the SRS in developing young teaching and research staff should be underlined.

Farmaatsiaterminoloogia eksperdikomisjoni 15 tegutsemisaastat

Eesti Arst 2014; 93(9):548–55

How the name arnica was borrowed into Estonian

The name of the classical medicinal plant, mountain arnica (Arnica montana), was well known among Estonians at the end of the 19th century, although mountain arnica itself does not grow in Estonia. The folklore collection of the Estonian Folklore Archives indicates that the name was used to denote locally growing plants. The impulse for such renaming of local plants obviously came from popular medical books and almanacs published in Estonian in the 18th-19th centuries. The article discusses a particular example, arguing that foreign names were probably given to folk medicinal plants that were already effectively used. Many of them, however, had not received attention so far by pharmacological research

Profession Driven Improvement of the Quality of Pharmacy Practice Implementation of Community Pharmacy Services Quality Guidelines in Estonia

Constant improvement of the quality of community pharmacy services is important in the development of contemporary patient care. A national and voluntary Community Pharmacy Services Quality Guidelines (CPSQG) was developed to formulate the principles of contemporary pharmacy services, including quality criteria for service provision. The purpose of this study was to identify the implementation of the CPSQG as a profession-driven initiative towards improving and harmonizing community pharmacy services in Estonia. Three cross-sectional electronic surveys were conducted among community pharmacies in Estonia in 2014 (N = 478 pharmacies), 2016 (N = 493), and 2019 (N = 494), and the CPSQG indicators were used for evaluation of the service quality. In this study, the aggregated data, collected in three study years were used to identify the implementation of guidelines into practice. For data analysis, the One-Way ANOVA test and Post-hoc multiple comparisons were used. The results demonstrated slow implementation of the CPSQG, but guidelines-based evaluation enabled a detailed overview of the community pharmacy activities and provided services. In order to develop community pharmacy services more efficiently, the use of implementation science principles, continuous introduction of the CPSQG to the pharmacists, and more active involvement of the state could be considered in the future.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Teaching activities in flipped classroom study design

In recent years, the flipped classroom (FC) methodology – contact learning preceded by individual learning and the creation of prior knowledge in the learner – has become increasingly common in university teaching. However, the design of the FC has been applied differently in teaching. The aim of our research was to map the teaching activities used in various FC designs and to compare the use of the methods for study groups of different sizes. In order to map the teaching activities of the FC design, we compared 10 different study designs as well as the teaching activities used in study groups with different numbers of students. The study groups were divided into large groups including more than 30 students and small study groups with less than 30 students. As a result of the comparison of the different study designs, we mapped teaching activities conducting teaching by FC methodology. The different teaching activities of the FC suited equally well to the dissimilar study groups

Chemosystematic markers for the essential oils in leaves of Mentha species cultivated or growing naturally

Abstract. The content and composition of essential oils in leaves of Mentha × piperita L., M. spicata L., M. arvensis L., and M. longifolia (L.) Huds. from Estonia were investigated using hydrodistillation and GC-MS analyses. Some chemosystematic markers for the identification of Mentha species are presented. The essential oil yield of the studied species was 2.4-3.0%, 0.9-2.3%, 0.9-1.4%, and 0.7-2.5%, respectively. From the isolated essential oils, 75, 89, 67, and 69 compounds were identified and quantitatively evaluated, representing 92.2-99.5% of the total oil. The main constituents of M. × piperita oils were menthol (26.4-47.7%) and menthone (13.6-31.9%); the ratio of their content was usually between 1 and 3. Four chemotypes of M. spicata were determined: rich in carvone (62.1-67.4%), rich in piperitenone oxide (61.9%), rich in α-terpinyl acetate + trans-β-caryophyllene (61.9% and 11.4%, respectively), and rich in acetic acid,1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl) ethyl ether (6.5%). The last two chemotypes were determined for the first time. Only the essential oils of M. arvensis were found to contain trans-1-octen-3-ol (3.8-7.7%) and neryl propionate (2.4% in both samples). Good chemosystematic markers for M. arvensis were also trans-(16.0-19.1%) and cis-β-ocimene (16.0-20.5%). The ocimene-rich chemotype was found by us for the first time. The chemosystematics of M. longifolia was found to be the most complicated, as many chemotypes have been determined by us and several other authors. In this study, a high concentration of carvone (51.4-57.6%) was characteristic of all analysed M. longifolia samples

Chemical composition of essential oil of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) branches from Estonia

Peer reviewe

THE USE OF PANAX GINSENG AND ITS ANALOGUES AMONG PHARMACY CUSTOMERS IN ESTONIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate the pattern of complementary self-treatment with P. ginseng and its analogues amongst pharmacy customers in Estonia. The study instrument consisted of multiple-choice items related to personal knowledge about and experience with the use of P. ginseng and its analogues. In total, 1233 customers participated in the study. Of study participants, 18.1% reported the use of P. ginseng and its analogues in their lives. P. ginseng preparations were used mostly according to the well- known indications (tiredness, weakness and decreased mental and physical capacity). Of P. ginseng users 44.3% reported positive treatment effects and 12.0% had experienced different side effects. With increase of age (p < 0.01) and at lower levels of education (p = 0.04), the use of ginseng or its analogues decreased. The better the users evaluated their health, the better they perceived the effect of P. ginseng preparations (p < 0.01). This study reported rather frequent use of P. ginseng and its analogues. P. ginseng could be seen in the treatment of conditions, where the use of local medicinal plants has not been established. Further research is needed to learn more about public knowledge and experiences about efficacy and safety of P. ginseng and its analogues.The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate the pattern of complementary self-treatment with P. ginseng and its analogues amongst pharmacy customers in Estonia. The study instrument consisted of multiple-choice items related to personal knowledge about and experience with the use of P. ginseng and its analogues. In total, 1233 customers participated in the study. Of study participants, 18.1% reported the use of P. ginseng and its analogues in their lives. P. ginseng preparations were used mostly according to the well-known indications (tiredness, weakness and decreased mental and physical capacity). Of P. ginseng users 44.3% reported positive treatment effects and 12.0% had experienced different side effects. With increase of age (p <0.01) and at lower levels of education (p = 0.04), the use of ginseng or its analogues decreased. The better the users evaluated their health, the better they perceived the effect of P. ginseng preparations (p <0.01). This study reported rather frequent use of P. ginseng and its analogues. P. ginseng could be seen in the treatment of conditions, where the use of local medicinal plants has not been established. Further research is needed to learn more about public knowledge and experiences about efficacy and safety of P. ginseng and its analogues

Farmaatsiaterminite lühendid

Eesti Arst 2017; 96(6):357–36

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Mentha spp. Grown in Estonia

Mentha spp. are used in the food and pharmaceutical industry; the plants are characterized by natural interspecies hybridization. In this study, knowledge of the chemical composition of Mentha spp. was broadened by focusing on plants grown in a geographically small region of Estonia. The antibacterial activity of Mentha spp. essential oils and water extracts was evaluated. Polyphenolic water extracts of M. x villosa Huds., M. x suaveolens Ehrh., and M. x gracilis Sole were tested for the first time on Escberichia coli and Staphylococcus aura's. Leaves of cultivated and wild-grown plants (n = 33) were collected. The microdistilled essential oil composition reflected the diversity within the genus Mentha. Determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), major compounds were cis-piperitone oxide, carvone, linalool, menthol, and menthofuran. Based on high-performance liquid chromatographyultraviolet-MS/MS analyses of the water extracts, no species-specific polyphenolic compounds could be proposed. Abundant polyphenols were rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and eriocitrin. Essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus by the broth dilution method. Water extracts showed activity only against S. aureus. This study supports the use of Mentha spp. as health-promoting ingredients in food. However, further studies are still needed to widen the knowledge of the chemical composition of these plants.Peer reviewe