Three Essays On Applied General Equilibrium Analysis

The thesis develops three essays which involve diverse issues like the estimation of the parameters of a fully specified general equilibrium model, estimation of import and export demand elasticities with some general equilibrium (GE) closure rule and formulating a decomposition algorithm for GE models with proper structure. While the questions addressed are somewhat unrelated to each other, the essays involve issues related to models which are essentially Walrasian in nature. The three essays are: (1) On the Estimation of General Equilibrium Models; (2) Estimation of Import and Export Demand Elasticities and Elasticity Pessimism; and (3) A Dantzig-Wolfe Type Decomposition Algorithm for General Equilibrium Models with Applications to International Trade Models. ;The first essay discusses various econometric approaches to estimate simple and relatively small GE systems. We discuss both system and subsystem estimation, reviewing some of the literature on demand and production functions and suggest two types of Nonlinear Instrumental Variable Methods. We report and compare the parameter estimates obtained from both stochastic and deterministic methods for a small GE tax model of the U.S. economy, and finally evaluate alternative approaches to parameter selection.;The second essay argues that the import and export demand functions should be estimated simultaneously along with trade balance conditions which close the system, a kind of specification recognized in pure trade theory literature and empirically oriented GE models. Ignorance of this simultaneously makes the estimates biased downwards for both small and large sample cases with bearing on the issue surrounding the controversy of elasticity pessimism. ;The third essay describes the computation of general equilibrium via a fixed point decomposition procedure similar in spirit to the Dantzig and Wolfe (1961) decomposition algorithm for the solution of linear programming problems. We show that for a GE model of block diagonal structures, one can compute equilibria of the full dimensional problem by solving sequences of smaller dimensional master and subproblems. Information passes between master and subproblems and the procedure is guaranteed to terminate at an approximate equilibrium without cycling. We discuss the existence and computation of such equilibria, potential applications and computational efficiency compared to the full dimensional methods

Justice Ontology; A Study of ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb’s Ijtihād

The paper was conducted to discover the nature of justice in the view of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb and to reveal his ijtihād from the point of view of a philosophical theory of justice. This research includes philosophical research that is historical-factual about a character with the type of library research then analyzes and presents it in a descriptive form. This paper finds that the essence of justice in the view of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb is acceptable behavior that is animated by the principle of equality. 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb has applied the principle of equality before the law. He treats reason and revelation in harmony and balance in his ijtihād. 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb drew inspiration from the intellect that Allah had given him by capturing universal values brought by the Koran, such as justice and equality, which are valid forever. This research contributes to the flexibility of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb in ijtihād, which is imbued with the principle of equality

Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Antara Self Leadership Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Studi pada Guru SMA Islam Al Azhar 9 Yogyakarta)

Penelitian ini mengambil judul: “Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Antara Self Leadership Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Studi Pada Guru Sma Islam Al Azhar 9 Yogyakarta)”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh self leadership terhadap kepuasan kerja dan organizational citizenship behavior guru di organisasi atau perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dengan jumlah responden yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 responden. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, regresi berganda, sobel test, dan pengujian hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data menggunakan Regresi Berganda menunjukan bahwa: (1) Self Leadership berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan Kerja (2) Self leadership berpengaruh terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior. (3) Kepuasan Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior. (4) Kepuasan Kerja memediasi Self Leadership terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah upaya pelatihan secara terus-menerus untuk melatih jiwa mandiri, merasa bebas dari tekanan sehingga kepuasan kerja akan meningkat jika guru sudah didukung dan difasilitasi untuk kepentingan organisasi. Penataan ulang ruang guru agar tidak tersekat-sekat akan mempermudah guru mengakomodir sikap self leadership yang dimilikinya. Tersedianya kesempatan belajar dan meningkatkan kemampuan, terjaminnya kesehatan seluruh anggota keluarga akan mampu memberikan rasa puas dan guru ikut merasa memiliki Yayasan. Secara rutin Yayasan dapat saling bertukar pendapat melalui evaluasi guna mempersiapkan jika terjadi perubahan-perubahan dalam organisasi

Exploring the nexus between income inequality and financial indicators: endemic to the Indian economy?

The dynamic, globally integrated and increasingly complex socio-economic landscape prevalent around the world today gives rise to intriguing questions about the relationships between disparities in human and economic development and factors that affect their magnitude. It is well acknowledged that circulation of wealth and its equitable distribution is necessary for the proper realization of public policy objectives of socio-economic welfare. Nonetheless, the growing complexities and instabilities in regimes around the world, seem to aggravate the poverty gap and pose challenges in policy reforms for effective redressal of income inequalities. Thus it is imperative to analyse the indicators of economic disparities such as income inequality and past trend of poverty reduction and aggravation, so as to better appreciate whether it is the quantum of ‘growth’ or quality of sustainable development that would chart the way towards greater socio-economic equity. This paper is a humble attempt at using econometric techniques for investigating a causal nexus between income inequality and financial indicators, with special reference to India, an economy with several endemic challenges

Exploring the nexus between income inequality and financial indicators: endemic to the Indian economy?

The dynamic, globally integrated and increasingly complex socio-economic landscape prevalent around the world today gives rise to intriguing questions about the relationships between disparities in human and economic development and factors that affect their magnitude. It is well acknowledged that circulation of wealth and its equitable distribution is necessary for the proper realization of public policy objectives of socio-economic welfare. Nonetheless, the growing complexities and instabilities in regimes around the world, seem to aggravate the poverty gap and pose challenges in policy reforms for effective redressal of income inequalities. Thus it is imperative to analyse the indicators of economic disparities such as income inequality and past trend of poverty reduction and aggravation, so as to better appreciate whether it is the quantum of ‘growth’ or quality of sustainable development that would chart the way towards greater socio-economic equity. This paper is a humble attempt at using econometric techniques for investigating a causal nexus between income inequality and financial indicators, with special reference to India, an economy with several endemic challenges

Justice Ontology; A Study of ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb’s Ijtihād

The paper was conducted to discover the nature of justice in the view of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb and to reveal his ijtihād from the point of view of a philosophical theory of justice. This research includes philosophical research that is historical-factual about a character with the type of library research then analyzes and presents it in a descriptive form. This paper finds that the essence of justice in the view of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb is acceptable behavior that is animated by the principle of equality. 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb has applied the principle of equality before the law. He treats reason and revelation in harmony and balance in his ijtihād. 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb drew inspiration from the intellect that Allah had given him by capturing universal values brought by the Koran, such as justice and equality, which are valid forever. This research contributes to the flexibility of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb in ijtihād, which is imbued with the principle of equality