Entrepreneurship education and its impact on the entrepreneurship career intentions: A Study of Algerian Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions and Opportunity Identification (case study Université Amar Telidji)

تهدف هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير تعليم ريادة الأعمال، بوساطة المتغيرات (مثل الموقف اتجاه السلوك الريادي، والمعايير الشخصية والسيطرة السلوكية المتصورة) على نوايا المهنية لريادة الأعمال لطلاب كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والعلوم التجارية وعلوم التسيير في جامعة الأغواط. بالاعتماد على تصميم استبيان موجه نحو (46) طلاب تم اختيارهم عشوائياً، توصلت لدراسة إلى أن تعليم ريادة الأعمال كان له علاقة إيجابية مع نوايا المهنية لريادة الأعمال، بالإضافة إلى ذلك أثبتت النتائج إلى حد كبير صحة نظرية السلوك المخطط كأداة إرشادية.Purpose - This study aims towards investigating the impact of entrepreneurship education by meansof variables that include: attitudes toward entrepreneurial behavior, personal standards and perceivedbehavioral control and on the basis of entrepreneurship career intentions of students from the Facultyof Economic Sciences, Business Sciences and Management Sciences at Laghouat University.Design/methodology - Depending on the design of a questionnaire directed at (46) for randomlyselected students, the study examines the extent to which students intend to participate inentrepreneurship in the near future. The Spearman correlation test and regression analysis were usedto test the relationships between entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurship career intentionsto activate the components of planned behavior theory. Findings – It has been found thatentrepreneurship education had a positive correlation with the entrepreneurial intentions ofentrepreneurship. In addition, the results largely proved the validity of the planned behavior theory asan invaluable instructional tool for academics and trainers. It also assessed policy makers seeking tofind effective ways to promote the process of creating potential entrepreneurs. Recommendations -Ifone is to stimulate entrepreneurship in the educational or training community, the results of this studyprovide guidance by making many suggestions on how to improve leadership vigilance

Professional bureaucracy A support for the implementation of the lean six sigma method in higher education

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح إمكانية تطبيق منهجية لين ستة سيجما في الجامعات وهذا بالاعتماد على الهيكل البيروقراطي المهني والذي يعتبر الأكثر تلاءما مع خصائص التسييرية  لجامعات، وخاصة جانب الأخصائيين. بالاعتماد  على فريق الجودة لستة سيجما و المتكون من بطل الحزام الأسود، الحزام الأسود، والحزام الأخضر والحزام الأصفر. يمكن اسقاط هذا التنظيم في الجانب الاخصائيين في الجامعة. مع اجراء بعض التغيرات على هذا الأخير. كالتكوين وتحديد عمليات تهدف الئ رفع من مستوى الجودة. وذلك بإجراء بعض التغيرات كوضع عمليات لرفع من الجودة، تحديد مهام كل أعضاء الفريق، دمج نظم المعلومات.The objective of this study is to integrate the lean six sigma method into academic institutions in order to improve the quality of services. Given that professional bureaucracy is the best design for such organizations, it promotes the application of the lean six sigma method. Based on the organization of the quality team of Lean six sigma with its hierarchical organization formed by Master Black Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt, Yellow Belt, Professional bureaucracy consists of technostructure which is composed of specialists who plan the work of employees. To achieve this, changes are needed in the technostructure: defining work processes, defining the responsibilities of each member in the quality team, and introducing information systems capable of managing processes

Why Did You Leave So Soon, My Friend

Eulogy for Muhammad Faqih Salih (1953-2017), Libyan modernist poet, by his friend, Professor Ali Abdullatif Ahmida

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Grammar is a crucial element in communication, especially in a second language, and without the organization of grammar, language exchange is intruded. This paper explored grammatical issues in students’ reflective writing. Data were collected from reflective writing products of a number of students belonging to a class of the English Education Master’s Program of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed to examine grammatical issues encountered by the students using Dulay, Burt, and Krashen’s (1982) surface strategy taxonomy, which covers omission, addition, misinformation, and misordering errors. Results showed there existed 41 errors in total and were distributed in the following categories: 23 errors of others (other types), six omission errors, five addition errors, four misinformation errors, and three misordering errors. It is expected that the findings can assist learners in overcoming grammatical issues so that they can improve their English grammar and writing skills

Statistical optimization of supercapacitor pilot plant manufacturing and process scale-up

In recent years, electrical double layer capacitor (EDLCs) has become one of the most popular energy storage devices. This can be attributed to its high capacity, long life cycle and fast charge/discharge rates. However, it has some drawbacks – mainly it stores less amount of energy than batteries. Hence, there is a need to optimize the EDLC to increase its capacity and decrease its equivalent series resistance (ESR), resulting in a supercapacitor that is able to charge quickly and will hold a large amount of energy for a long time. This thesis presents a design, build and setup process of a supercapacitor pilot plant in the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus for manufacturing and optimization of EDLCs. Two packages were considered, cylindrical and coin type packages. In addition, the design of a manufacturing process flow, with details on steps for fabrication, which will meet specific standards (BS EN 62391-1:2006, BS EN 62391-2-1: 2006, BS EN 62391-2-1: 2006 and DOD-C-29501/3 NOT 1) for quality and throughput for both the packaging types is discussed. Following this, significant factors of the fabrication process were identified and optimized by adopting the Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) methodology. Results of the optimization process show that the most significant factors that affect the EDLC capacitance are PVDF % (polyvinylidene diflouride) and mixing time; the optimum values are determined to be 5% and 3 hours respectively. In the case of ESR optimization, the most significant factors are PVDF % and carbon black %. The optimum values are 5% for both. Using these optimized values, a final prototype EDLC was fabricated. The capacitance value obtained for the cell was 54.70mF. The final EDLC prototypes were tested according to the international standards (ISO) and compared with the supercapacitors available in the market. Results indicated that the electrochemical performance of the prototypes has a good resemblance to the performance of the supercapacitors available in the market. A selected prototype samples were sent for benchmark testing to companies in mobile applications in Korea and the Netherlands to confirm that the prototypes meet the required standards. Finally the research work sets the basis for integrating genetic algorithms with the Taguchi technique for future research in improving the optimization process for robust EDLC fabrication

Statistical optimization of supercapacitor pilot plant manufacturing and process scale-up

In recent years, electrical double layer capacitor (EDLCs) has become one of the most popular energy storage devices. This can be attributed to its high capacity, long life cycle and fast charge/discharge rates. However, it has some drawbacks – mainly it stores less amount of energy than batteries. Hence, there is a need to optimize the EDLC to increase its capacity and decrease its equivalent series resistance (ESR), resulting in a supercapacitor that is able to charge quickly and will hold a large amount of energy for a long time. This thesis presents a design, build and setup process of a supercapacitor pilot plant in the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus for manufacturing and optimization of EDLCs. Two packages were considered, cylindrical and coin type packages. In addition, the design of a manufacturing process flow, with details on steps for fabrication, which will meet specific standards (BS EN 62391-1:2006, BS EN 62391-2-1: 2006, BS EN 62391-2-1: 2006 and DOD-C-29501/3 NOT 1) for quality and throughput for both the packaging types is discussed. Following this, significant factors of the fabrication process were identified and optimized by adopting the Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) methodology. Results of the optimization process show that the most significant factors that affect the EDLC capacitance are PVDF % (polyvinylidene diflouride) and mixing time; the optimum values are determined to be 5% and 3 hours respectively. In the case of ESR optimization, the most significant factors are PVDF % and carbon black %. The optimum values are 5% for both. Using these optimized values, a final prototype EDLC was fabricated. The capacitance value obtained for the cell was 54.70mF. The final EDLC prototypes were tested according to the international standards (ISO) and compared with the supercapacitors available in the market. Results indicated that the electrochemical performance of the prototypes has a good resemblance to the performance of the supercapacitors available in the market. A selected prototype samples were sent for benchmark testing to companies in mobile applications in Korea and the Netherlands to confirm that the prototypes meet the required standards. Finally the research work sets the basis for integrating genetic algorithms with the Taguchi technique for future research in improving the optimization process for robust EDLC fabrication

Electronic Properties and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Discotic Organic Semiconductors

Columnar mesophases of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are an emerging class of organic semiconductors that have several advantages over widely applied organic semiconductors based on conductive polymers and glasses of small molecules, such as high charge carrier mobility of \u3e1 cm2V-1s-1 and charge carrier diffusion length of 70 nm. Two important deficiencies that hamper the application of DLCs in organic electronic devices are an insufficient control over their frontier orbital energies and the alignment of their columnar stacks. This dissertation reports a first systematic study on the control of frontier orbital energies, along with other electronic properties, by alterations of molecular structure and two new approaches towards monomolecular alignment layers for columnar discotic mesophases. Solution cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy as well as computational studies at the DFT level were employed to measure and predict electronic properties of DLCs based on triphenylene and phthalocyanine derivatives (Chapters 2-4). These are the first reported studies that systematically compare changes of the molecular structures of DLCs with changes of their frontier orbital energies and mesomorphism. Our comparative studies on electron acceptor DLCs provide the first ranking of electron withdrawing groups based on their potential of lowering the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the discotic core. Unexpected was the large dependence of the frontier orbital energies on the symmetry of the substitution patterns. Symmetric patterns give higher LUMO energies mainly because of degenerated frontier orbitals. Objective of the investigation of octa-carboxylic acid and octa-alcohol substituted tetraazaporphyrin (TAP) dyes in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers (Chapter 5) is the generation of self-assembled monolayers with the elusive face-on orientation of the TAP macrocycles. Monolayers are formed only by the TAP derivatives with the longest tested aliphatic spacer between the macrocycle and the carboxylic acids or alcohol groups and only the octa-carboxylic acid TAP remains in a face-on orientation at surface pressures sufficiently high for the transfer of good quality LB monolayers. However, the molecular conformation is spider-like with the TAP macrocycle being physically and electronically removed from the surface by the length of the orthogonal decyl chains, which is probably unfavourable for charge injection. In the second approach, TAPs containing azide groups were mixed with TAPs containing acetylene groups and cross-linked by interfacial Cu(I) catalyzed click-chemistry in a Langmuir film (Chapter 6). The cross-linking process reached astonishing conversions of 70% but the employed TAPs were insufficiently amphiphilic to produce stable monolayers. Consequently, 3-dimensional cross-linked TAP structures were obtained instead of monolayers