Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of metabasites from the Gol-e-Gohar Complex in southern Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone, South of Iran; Evidences for crustal extension and magmatism at early Palaeozoic

In Gol-e-Gohar metamorphic Complex from south-eastern Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone (Kerman province, Iran), there are two types of metabasites contain layered metamorphosed lava flows and the younger meta-gabbros. The protoliths formed in the Paleozoic era and were metamorphosed during the early Cimmerian orogenic phase in the late Triassic, under temperatures of 640–680ºC and pressures of ~7–10.5kbar (amphibolite facies). These rocks are garnet-bearing amphibolites, garnet free amphibolites and metamorphosed gabbros. Many mineralogical and chemical aspects of these metabasites are similar, although the layered metabasites show tholeiitic and the meta-gabbros depict alkaline affinities. Evidences such as whole rock geochemical characteristics, Sr and Nd isotopic data, (143Nd/144Ndinitial=0.511913–0.512067; εNd550Ma=-0.31–2.68), relatively flat patterns of chondritenormalized Rare Earth Elements and multi-elemental diagrams, the enrichment in TiO2 (average content ~2.16) and high Zr/Y ratios (3–8), indicate that all of Gol-e-Gohar metabasites are formed in an extentional intracontinental rift zone from tholeiitic to alkaline magmas. The data suggest that the paren magmas could derived by low degrees of partial melting of spinel-lherzolite sources in subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These evidences confirm the existence of extentional environments in southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone in the Paleozoic era, when large extensional depressions developed in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone and underlying asthenosphere ascent and partially melted during this time. Gradually, thick sequences of continental detritic sediments and tholeiitic lava flows accumulated in these troughs. Subsequent magmatic event in the area characterizes by emplacement of alkaline gabbro intrusions. At the early Cimmerian orogeny, these sedimentaryigneous rocks associations metamorphosed and the Gol-e Gohar metabasites formed

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of metabasites from the Gol-e-Gohar Complex in southern Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone, South of Iran; Evidences for crustal extension and magmatism at early Palaeozoic

In Gol-e-Gohar metamorphic Complex from south-eastern Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone (Kerman province, Iran), there are two types of metabasites, wich contain layered metamorphosed lava flows and younger meta-gabbros. The protoliths formed in the Paleozoic era and were metamorphosed during the early Cimmerian orogenic phase in the late Triassic, under temperatures of 640-680ºC and pressures of ~7-10.5kbar (amphibolite facies). These rocks are garnet-bearing amphibolites, garnet-free amphibolites and metamorphosed gabbros. Many mineralogical and chemical aspects of these metabasites are similar, although the layered metabasites show tholeiitic and the metagabbros depict alkaline affinities. Evidences such as whole rock geochemical characteristics, Sr and Nd isotopic data, (143Nd/144Ndinitial=0.511913-0.512067; εNd550Ma=-0.31-2.68), relatively flat patterns of chondrite-normalized Rare Earth Elements and multi-elemental diagrams, the enrichment in TiO2 (average content ~2.16) and high Zr/Y ratios (3-8), indicate that all of Gol-e-Gohar metabasites were formed in an extensional intra-continental rift zone from tholeiitic to alkaline magmas. The data suggest that the parent magmas could derive from low degrees of partial melting of spinel-lherzolite sources in subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These evidences confirm the existence of extensional environments in the southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone in the Paleozoic era, when large extensional depressions developed in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone with underlying asthenosphere ascent. Partial melting took place during this time. Gradually, thick sequences of continental detritic sediments and tholeiitic lava flows accumulated in these troughs. A subsequent magmatic event in the area was characterized by emplacement of alkaline gabbro intrusions. At the early Cimmerian orogeny, these sedimentary-igneous rock associations metamorphosed and the Gol-e-Gohar metabasites formed

Petrogenesis of the Lalezar granitoid intrusions (Kerman Province – Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within volcanic successions of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (UDMA). These granitoids have a range from gabbro-diorites to granites in composition. The mineral compositions of the most felsic rocks are characterized by the abundances of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar, biotite and hornblende. In the gabbro-diorite rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich), hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene are the most common minerals. Major element geochemical data show that the Lalezar granitoids are mostly metaluminous, although the most felsic members (granites) attain slightly peraluminous compositions and that they have features typical of high-K calc-alkaline rocks. In primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams, the analysed samples display strong enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE, accompanied by negative anomalies of Nb,Ta and Ti. REE chondrite-normalized plots show moderate LREE enrichment with slight to strong negative Eu anomalies. Rb–Sr geochronological data, mainly dependent on the Sr isotopic composition of biotite, was obtained in two samples and it points to 15-16 Ma. As a probable, age for the emplacement of the studied intrusives. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and ƐNdi values range from 0.70495 to 0.70565 from +3.1 to +1.5 respectively, which fit into a supra-subduction mantle wedge source for the parental melts and indicates that, in general, crustal contribution for magma diversification was not relevant. Geochemical and isotopic evidence reveal that the Lalezar intrusions are cogenetic I-type granitoids which were generated in a continental arc setting, in agreement with models previously presented in the UDMA

Geochemistry of granitoids of the Lalezar area (Kerman, Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within the Urumiyeh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt (U-DVB) which is the largest volcanic belt in Central Iran. These granitoids intrude Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and range from gabbrodiorites to granites, with dominance of diorites and tonalites. The mineral composition of the most felsic rocks is characterized by the abundance of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar and biotite (and hornblende, in granodiorites and tonalites). In dioritic and gabbroic rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich, in the most mafic lithologies), hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene are the most common minerals, sometimes accompanied by orthopyroxene. Two kind of enclaves have been identified within the intrusive rocks: some display the same features of the andesitic country volcanic rocks, and therefore, are interpreted as xenoliths; others have mineral assemblages similar to those of the enclosing granitoid but with larger proportions of mafic minerals, which suggests that they can represent disrupted portions of sectors of the magma chamber where preferential settling of heavy minerals took place. Major element geochemical data show that the Lazelar granitoids are mostly metaluminous, although the most felsic members (granites) attain slightly peraluminous compositions, with A/CNK varying from 0.85 to 1.03. Harker diagrams show, in general, good linear correlations that agree with a genetic relationship between the different granitoids, through fractional crystallization of plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, oxide minerals and apatite. In primitive mantle-normalized trace element spiderdiagrams, the analysed samples display strong enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE (15.78≤ RbN/YN ≤ 81.96), accompanied by negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti. REE chondrite-normalized plots show moderate LREE enrichment (3.32 ≤ LaN/LuN ≤ 6.36) and slight to strong negative Eu anomalies (0.46 ≤ Eu/Eu* ≤ 0.92). In conclusion, the petrographical and geochemical features show that the Lalezar intrusives fit into I-type granitoids, belong to the calc-alkaline series and probably have been generated in a continental arc setting, which agrees with models previously presented to the U-DVB

Petrology, geochemistry and tectonomagmatic evolution of Hezar Igneous Complex (Rayen - south of Kerman - Iran): the first description of an arc remnant of the Neotethyan subduction zone

The Hezar Igneous Complex (HIC) in the south-eastern part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, is the most prominent magmatic feature in the Kerman Porphyry Copper Belt, that understanding magmatic evolution of which may shed light on the tectonomagmatic development of this less-studied part of an important magmatic arc in the Neotethys realm. The HIC has been developed in the the intersection of the N-S striking Sabzevaran fault and the NW-SE striking Rafsanjan-Rayen fault. It is indicated that the possible place of the conduit and vent is in Jalas Mountain which has been splitted later by the Sabzevaran fault into Minor and Major Jalas. The current summit had been constructed by ascending magma chamber under the HIC that constitutes the Kamali Mountain at the south of the summit. Some plutonic rocks of the HIC are exposed at Kamali Mountain. The subalkaline rocks of this complex mainly are composed of different pyroclastic and lava flow rocks, acidic to basic in composition, showing the evidences of fractional crystallization and mineral segregation. Sequential explosive and effusive eruptions with Strombolian to Vulcanian types are evident in the successive volcanic layers. The compositional trend shows the melting of spinel lherzolite, not garnet lherzolite. The subduction-related mechanism of the magma genesis has been indicated by IAB nature of the magma formation in geochemical diagrams.publishe

The Study of Newborns with Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction (GITO) is one of the most common causes of surgical emergencies in newborns. Management of these patients depends on the site of obstruction, associated anomalies, the time of diagnosis and the surgery. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestations, associated anomalies and the outcome of these patients with GITO admitted to Imam Reza and Razi Hospitals of Kermanshah. Material and Methods: This is an observational study, which is conducted to investigate all the newborns, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Imam Reza & Razi Hospital of Kermanshah during ten years from 2002 to 2012 with diagnosis of GITO. The history of the newborn, operation records and case records of the patients in addition to clinical and paraclinical conditions and their pathological results were studied. Results: During the study period, 235 cases of GITO were investigated. Among them, 63 were admitted with imperforate anus, 62 with Hirschsprung's disease, 52 with esophageal atresia, 9 with ileal atresia, 17 with jejunal atresia, and 16 with duodenal obstruction and 6 with colonic atresia. The most common symptoms at the time of admission were abdominal distension in 108, absence of meconial defecation in 85, and bile vomiting in 42 cases. 189 (80.4%) of newborns were operated. The overall mortality rate of newborns under study was 31.2%. The highest rate of mortality was observed in newborns with esophageal atresia 61.5%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that approximately 5% of the cases admitted to NICU suffered from congenital GITO. Considering the high number of cases and the increased probability of death in these patients, close attention, better management and treatment of these patients seems crucial

Geochronology, isotope geochemistry and tectonomagmatic setting of the Lalezar granitoids (Urumieh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt, Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within the Urumieh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt, which is the largest volcanic belt in Central Iran. These granitoids have intruded into the Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and range from gabbro-diorites to granites in composition, with dominance of diorites and tonalites. Two of the least altered samples, 5-ln-7 and 23-ln-6, were selected for Rb–Sr geochronology. Biotite (Bt), hornblende (Hbl) and plagioclase (Pl) separates were obtained from both samples. For sample 5-ln-7, using the data from the whole-rock and the three mineral separates, a 87Sr/86Sr vs. 87Rb/86Sr correlation corresponding to a 14.6±5.8 Ma age is obtained, with initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.7055. However, the MSWD has a very large value (376). This is due to the fact that Hbl composition plots deviated from the alignement defined by WR, Pl and Bt, suggesting that some disturbance took place. Under the petrographic microscope, the amphibole grains in this sample show some low temperature alteration, as testified by chloritization and oxidation, which makes plausible that a late enrichment in radiogenic Sr could have affected hornblende. If Hbl is discarded, the result now is a 15.0±0.4 Ma Bt-Pl-WR isochron, with MSWD=2.4 and initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.70517. Considering the errors, both results (with and without Hbl) overlap, which suggests that there was Sr isotope equilibrium at an age of ca. 15 Ma (most likely during igneous crystallization). In the 87Sr/86Sr vs. 87Rb/86Sr diagram for sample 23-ln-6, the line obtained with Bt-Hbl-Pl-WR has a slope indicating an age of 15.8±1.6 Ma. The MSWD value is 18 and the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio is 0.70533. The MSWD shows that the correlation is not perfect, and, as in the previous case, it probably reflects some minor alteration; once again, Hbl plots above the line that passes through WR, Pl and Bt. Taking the errors into account, the ages calculated for 23-ln-6 and 5-ln-7 overlap each other, suggesting that this set of data is geochronologically meaningful. Therefore, and considering that the studied rocks are shallow intrusives which should have not undergone a long cooling period, the obtained 15-16 Ma ages are probably dating the intrusive events. For isotope geochemistry, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were determined for 14 whole-rock samples. Assuming an age of 15 Ma, initial 87Sr/86Sr and εNd values vary in restricted ranges from 0.70495 to 0.70565 and from +3.1 to +1.5, respectively. In the εNdi versus (87Sr/86Sr)i diagram, this cluster plots to the right of the so-called mantle array and overlaps the field of island-arc basalts. The limited range of Sr and Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the Lalezar intrusions are co-genetic, deriving from the same parental magmas essentially by magmatic differentiation processes. Taking into account the IAB-like isotopic compositions of the studied rocks, the parental magmas may have been formed by partial melting in a supra-subduction mantle wedge. The occurrence of gabbrodioritic rocks in the Lalezar suite provides additional evidence in favour of an origin of the parental magmas by melting of mantle peridotites, rather than by melting of mafic crust

The study of rearing density effect on growth and survival of fingerlings Kutum, Rutilus kutum, with Caspian Sea water

Rutilus kutum is one of the most important economic fish species of Iranian costal of Caspian Sea. This species conducted more than 60% of fish caught in Caspian Sea annually, and more than 10 thousands fisherman engaged to its fishery. In present study, kutum fingerlings reared in two different densities include of 25 and 40 fish/m^2 with mean weight of 17.5±5.87 g. The period of test being planned 10 weeks and the test organism housed in circular concrete pools of 3 m^3 capacity with flowing water and aeration in pools are supplied. The fishes feed by extrude food with 45% crude protein and 14% crude fat. After termination of the experiment, the result showed that weight gain performance, specific growth rate, condition factor, food efficiency rate and protein efficiency rate decreased, while food conversion ratio increased with rising of density, as their different was significance in two experimental treatments (p<0.05). The kutum reared in low density showed significantly higher survival rate (SVR) (with 88.8%) than high density (with 76.9%) (p<0.05). Based on the different observed effects of the density on growth and survival, it is recommended the use of a 25 kutum/m^2 density for rearing by Caspian Sea water

Association of nuclear and mitochondrial genes with audiological examinations in Iranian patients with nonaminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss

Mitochondrial DNA mutations play an important role in causing sensorineural hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the mitochondrial genes RNR1, MT-TL1, and ND1 as well as the nuclear genes GJB2 and GJB6 with audiological examinations in nonfamilial Iranians with cochlear implants, using polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and RNA secondary structure analysis. We found that there were no novel mutations in the mitochondrial gene 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) in patients with and without GJB2 mutation (GJB2+and GJB2-, respectively), but a total of six polymorphisms were found. No mutations were observed in tRNALeu(UUR) (MT-TL1). Furthermore, eight polymorphisms were found in the mitochondrial ND1 gene. Additionally, no mutations were observed in the nuclear GJB6 gene in patients in the GJB2- and GJB2+ groups. The speech intelligibility rating and category of auditory perception tests were statistically assessed in patients in the GJB2- and GJB2+ groups. The results indicated that there was a significant difference (P &lt;0.05) between the categories of auditory perception score in the GJB2- group compared to that in the GJB2+group. Successful cochlear implantation was observed among individuals with GJB2 mutations (GJB2+) and mitochondrial polymorphisms compared to those without GJB2 mutations (GJB2-). In conclusion, the outcome of this study suggests that variation in the mitochondrial and nuclear genes may influence the penetrance of deafness. Therefore, further genetic and functional studies are required to help patients in making the best choice for cochlear implants. © 2016 Balali et al

Determination of optimum dosage of Ovaprim injectionon artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius

This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p<0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p<0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p<0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p<0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p<0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively. The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm