Power Quality Compensation in Distribution System based on Instantaneous Power Theory and Recursive Fuzzy Proportional-Integral Controller

In this paper, the power quality compensation problems such as current harmonics and system load's reactive power are considered. In this context, we use static distribution synchronous compensator to inject compensation current into the system, which its reference current signals have been derived from the instantaneous power theory. To improve the current control operation and fast tracking of reference signals, a PI recursive controller has been used which is able to reduce to zero tracking error compared to its conventional type. The performance of the controller is delayed for a period; to overcome this problem, the phase rules have been used to adjust the controller parameters to increase the control performance speed. Finally, in simulation we used Matlab / Simulink software, which has been proven to be better than conventional PI controller-based compensation for power quality

Congenital Diseases of Esophagus

Esophageal atresia (EA) presents some of the greatest technical hurdles that pediatric has to face. Postnatally, the classical clinical presentation of an infant with EA is an abnormally mucousy infant who is drooling excessive amount of saliva. Diagnosis confirmed when an orogastric tube cannot be passed through the mouth into the stomach. Examination should assess the as cardiac, anal limb. The purpose of the surgery is to divide the trachea esophageal fistula (TEF) and to restore esophageal continuity blind-ending upper esophageal. Achalasia is an uncommon disorder of esophagus dysmotility. Patients typically present with a history of progressively worsening dysphagia that begins with solid foods. The initial diagnosis test in child with dysphasia is usually a contrast esophagogram. Classic findings include a dilated, dysmotile esophagus and a bird’s beak deformity at the gastroesophageal junction. The main treatments of achalasia are esophageal myotomy, balloon dilation or botulism toxin. Esophageal diverticula are often first suspected on Chest X ray(CXR) due to presenting symptoms. These lesions can cause wheezing, dyspnea, hemoptysis and recurrent pneumonia due to airway compression and dysphasia due to esophagus compression. These duplications should be further investigated by CT scan or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The preferred method of treatment is thoracoscopy or thoracotomy

Emergency Abdominal Surgery in Infants and Children

The term acute abdomen refers to sudden severe abdominal pain with unclear etiology that is less than 24 h in duration. In children, acute abdominal pain presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some of them need rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. The present chapter provides an overview of abdominal surgical emergencies in children and discusses the most common disorders that cause surgical acute abdomen

Optimal Transmission Expansion Planning considering Distributed Generations by using Non- dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)

Reconstructing power systems has changed the traditional planning of power systems and has raised new challenges in transmission expansion planning (TEP). In this paper, investment cost, cost of density and dependability have been considered three objectives of optimization. Also, multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGAII was used to solve this non-convex and mixed integer problem. A fuzzy decision method has been used to choose the final optimal answer from the Pareto solutions obtained from NSGAII. Moreover, to confirm the efficiency of NSGAII multi-objective genetic algorithm in solving TEP problem, the algorithm was implemented in an IEEE 24 bus system and the gained results were compared with previous works in this field

Physiological Responses of Gamma-Irradiated Onion Bulbs during Storage

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of gamma radiation on some physiological characters of onion genotypes and the expression of PAL gene in the best interaction of gamma irradiation dose and onion genotype treatment. To this aim, four onion genotypes (White-Qom, White-Neyshabour, Red-Ridge-Lump, and Red-Ray-Corrugated) irradiated at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 Gy. After four months of storage (at 10-15 °C and 70% relative humidity), the effects of gamma rays on the dry matter (DM), protein content, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) were investigated. In addition, the expression of PAL gene in the best interaction of gamma irradiation dose and onion genotype treatment was assessed. The result indicated that POD activity was increased by most of the gamma irradiation levels; however, the protein content and PAL activity were decreased. Moreover, dry matter content was found to be highly genotype-dependent. A linear regression (R2= 0.82) between PAL activity and gamma irradiation levels, was observed. PAL activity decreased with increasing in gamma irradiation level, while the expression rate of PAL gene was not significantly changed between irradiated and non-irradiated control, indicating that the radiation might not have direct effects on the gene regulatory elements. These results suggest that gamma irradiation could reduce the PAL activity possibly by controlling abiotic stress sources such as fungal and bacterial stresses

Changes Regarding Attitudes Towards Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Sweden: The Diversity Barometer (2005-2018)

This article aims to discuss changes in attitudes towards immigrants in Sweden from 2015 onwards, based on the results of the longitudinal Diversity Barometer studies from 2005-2014, 2016 and 2018. The Diversity Barometer studies are based on a national, representative, and randomly selected sample from the Swedish population, with a new sample selected each time. We have analyzed the changes from a sociological perspective, using theories such as contact theory and group conflict theory. The results show an increase in negative attitudes towards ethic and cultural diversity generally, and towards immigrants specifically. Diversity in culture and religion – especially towards Islam – is more negatively perceived as compared to diversity in the work domain. Societal groups with extensive experience from contact with foreigners, those who identify themselves as women, those who are more educated, younger people and city dwellers, have all a more positive attitude towards diversity than others

Modified approach for harmonic reduction in three-phase to seven-phase using transformer winding connections

Three phase supply is available in the generating station or grid, were as seven phase supply is required for many industrial applications such as, aerospace, railway and automobile applications. There are different methods in which we can convert 3 to 7 phase using 24-Pulse Converter, Carrier Based PWM Technique, multilevel converter and Multiphase Transformer. The above said methods which are more complicated to design for higher ratings or a pure sine wave will not be obtained or harmonics will be more. For Multiphase power transmission system multiphase transformers are needed. In the multiphase power transmission and multiphase rectifier systems, the number of phase can be designed and developed in multiples of three. Therefore, the variable speed multiphase drive system considered in the literature are mostly of five, seven, nine, eleven, twelve, and fifteen phase. So, there is a need to design and develop special transformer which converts from 3 to 7 phase for different arrangement of input and output. Thus, with the proposed technique, a pure seven-phase sine-wave of fixed voltage/current and frequency is obtained, which can be used for RL load and motor testing purposes. Complete design and simulation of the proposed solution is presented. Analytical calculation and simulation results for RL load is presented in the paper. This model can be simulated by using Orcad simulation software and “SimPowerSystem” block sets of MATLAB/SIMULINK software

Comparison of Combination of Sclerotherapy and Tiersch's Procedure with Perineal Rectopexy with Mesh in Children

Introduction: Perineal rectopexy is a method for surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in children, but its accomplished using different techniques. We investigated the combination therapy of Tiersch's operation and sclerotherapy and compared its outcome with mesh rectopexy with talc. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 children with rectal prolapse were selected and divided in two groups. In the control group rectopexy was performed by perineal mesh rectopexy with talc. In the case group, injection of 30% saline and, Tiersch’s operation were performed. The parameters used to compare the success of interventions were improvement of incontinence and constipation and a low rate of recurrence. Result: Our results showed that the rate of improvement in constipation and incontinency was not significantly different in the two groups. The recurrence rate was 1.6 % in both groups in one year of follow up. Fifteen patients (37.5%) in the control group had severe anxiety and pain during the extraction of mesh. The length of hospitalization was 6.2± 0.94 in the controls and 0.86± 0.63 days in case group. Conclusion: Our study suggests the combination perineal therapy (T+S) as an alternative approach for children who have limitations regarding talc rectopexy or the high hospital charges related to this approach

A Study on Critical Purposes, Principles and Methods of Freire in Teacher Training Pedagogy

The present study is extracted from a qualitative research attempting to emphasize on critical thinking approaches in teacher training pedagogy through descriptive and analytical methods. In the first part, after a brief look over the history of critical thinking in education and educational trends in the world, several approaches in the field are discussed. One of these approaches is the recent attempts made by thinkers in the area of critical thinking and its promotion in teacher training pedagogies based on modern critical education. In the second part, the liberating model of Paulo Freire is investigated in teacher training pedagogy as a critical approach. In this model, the aims, principles and methods of education presented by Freire are introduced in teacher training pedagogy. Finally, it is induced that the emergence of critical thoughts in education, brought about huge improvements in educational methods and pedagogies compiled for teacher training programs. In this regard, the liberating model of Freire, as one of the prominent contemporary educational models, could be considered as an efficient solution for promoting elite teacher training programs all around the globe. Keywords: Critical thinking; Teacher training pedagogy; liberating education; Paulo Freir

The estimate of amplitude and phase of harmonics in power system using the extended kalman filter

Nowadays, the amplitude of the harmonics in the power grid has increased unwittingly due to the increasing use of the nonlinear elements and power electronics. It has led to a significant reduction in power quality indicators. As a first step, the estimate of the amplitude, and the phase of the harmonics in the power grid are essential to resolve this problem. We use the Kalman filter to estimate the phase, and we use the minimal squared linear estimator to assess the amplitude. To test the aforementioned method, we use terminal test signals of the industrial charge consisting of the power converters and ignition coils. The results show that this algorithm has a high accuracy and estimation speed, and they confirm the proper performance in instantaneous tracking of the parameters