High Performance Anticorrosive Polyester Coatings on Mild Steel In Mixed Acid Mixtures Environments

Anticorrosive polyester based composite coatings on mild steel applied to mixed acid storage tank containing varying compositions of Sulfuric Acid, Nitric acid provide anticorrosive solutions. These coatings are capable to inhibit the redox reactions. In consideration of above, the purpose of present work is to prevent corrosion on mixed acid storage tank through application of appropriate polyester coatings on their surface and structures that will be used in chemical industries where these acids are being stored. In this project, the surface of mild steel was coated by protective polymer coatings. Lab scale storage tanks of mild steel were coated with anticorrosive (fiber reinforced laminate-vinyl and fiber reinforced laminate palatal p-4). Various coatings compositions were explored based on esters. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Gamry Potentiostat Tafel Scan analyses tools were used and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was conducted to investigate the surface morphology of these coatings. The applied polymer based composite coatings provided excellent corrosion resistance in both Laminate palatal fiber reinforced (LAM-P/FR) and laminate vinyl fiber reinforced (LAM-V/FR) coatings condition and reduction in corrosion rate. These bespoke coatings can be widely used to protect mild steel structures which are usually acid storage tanks and are used in various chemical industries with acidic environment. The study estimated that 25 to 30% of annual corrosion costs could be saved as well as production increases if these corrosion protection coatings were employed

Theoretical Analysis of a Two-stage Sagnac loop filter using Jones Matrices

In this work, a theoretical analysis of a Sagnac loop filter (SLF) with two-stage polarization maintaining fibers (PMFs) and polarization controllers (PCs) is presented. The transmission function of this two-stage SLF is calculated in detail by using Jones matrix. The calculation is performed in order to investigate the filtering characteristics. The theoretical results show that the wavelength interval is depending on the dynamic settings of the length of the PMFs and the polarization angle of the PCs. By changing the polarization angle of the PCs, a multiple of single, dual or triple wavelength in each channel can be achieved. Based on this study, a flat multiwavelength spectrum can be obtained by adjusting the PMFs and the PCs in the two-stage SLF. This finding significantly contributes to the generation of multiwavelength fiber laser (MWFL) that can be used for many optical applications

Adaptasi Ekologi dan Persepsi Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Upaya Konservasi Mangrove di Dusun Klayar Desa Sidokelar Kecamatan Paciran Kabupaten Lamongan

Tujuandilakukannya penelitian adalah untuk :1. Menganalisis adaptasi ekologi (strategi, proses dan dampak), sejak dicanangkannya program konservasi mangrove (2003) sampai dengan kondisi pada saat dilakukannya penelitian di Dusun Klayar pada tahun 2011, 2.Menganalisis persepsi masyarakat pesisir secara umum dalam upaya melaksanakan konservasi mangrove sebagai bagian integral masyarakat dan lingkungan Di Dusun Klayar Desa Sidokelar Kecamatan Paciran Kabupaten Lamongan, 3.Menentukan titik-titik kritis adaptasi ekologi masyarakat pesisi.Metode Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengacu pada konsep yang dikembangkan oleh Muhadjir (1992), yaitu penelitian kualitatif positivistik.Pendekatan kualitatif positivistik merupakan sebuah tipe penelitian kuantitatif bersifat deskriptif.Hasil Penelitian, yaitu : Pertama adalah adanya hubungantimbal Balik antara budaya yang berkembang di dusun Klayar dengan lingkungan mangrove sehingga masyarakatdusun Klayarmengembangkan strategi adaptasi ekologidalam upaya konservasi mangrove; antara lain : 1.Pengadaan bibit, 2. Membuat tempat persemaian, 3. Membuat media semai, 4. Penyemaian bibit, 5. Pemeliharaan, 6.Penyapihan bibit, 7.Pengangkutan bibit , 8.Pengayaan dan penanaman, 9.Pemeliharaan dan pemantauan tanaman, yang Keduaadalah masyarakat dusun Klayar memandang bahwa lingkungan mangrove memiliki manfaat yang sangat penting sebagai pelindung pantai dari abrasi, penahan gelombang laut, manfaat ekonomi, sosial-budaya dan sebagai pengendali kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati; yang Ketiga adalah titik kritis Perubahan lingkungan biotik dan abiotik, yaitu : lingkungan mangrove mengalami kerusakan, sehingga masyarakat dusun Klayar secara sadar melakukan koping untuk menyesuaikan dirinya dengan lingkungan yang rusak atau sebaliknya. Dari koping tersebut menghasilkan dua tingkah laku, yaitu tingkah laku koping yang berhasil dan tidak berhasil.Kontribusi yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini adalah kontribusi baik secara teoritis maupun praktis tentang strategi adaptasi ekologi dan persepsi masyarakat pesisir dalam upaya konservasi mangrove sehingga dapat menjadi pedoman pengelolaan lingkungan pesisir terutama lingkungan mangrove

Use of evidence to support healthy public policy: a policy effectiveness-feasibility loop

Public policy plays a key role in improving population health and in the control of diseases, including non-communicable diseases. However, an evidence-based approach to formulating healthy public policy has been difficult to implement, partly on account of barriers that hinder integrated work between researchers and policy-makers. This paper describes a “policy effectiveness–feasibility loop” (PEFL) that brings together epidemiological modelling, local situation analysis and option appraisal to foster collaboration between researchers and policy-makers. Epidemiological modelling explores the determinants of trends in disease and the potential health benefits of modifying them. Situation analysis investigates the current conceptualization of policy, the level of policy awareness and commitment among key stakeholders, and what actually happens in practice, thereby helping to identify policy gaps. Option appraisal integrates epidemiological modelling and situation analysis to investigate the feasibility, costs and likely health benefits of various policy options. The authors illustrate how PEFL was used in a project to inform public policy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in four parts of the eastern Mediterranean. They conclude that PEFL may offer a useful framework for researchers and policy-makers to successfully work together to generate evidence-based policy, and they encourage further evaluation of this approach

Parasiticidal, antifungal and antibacterial activities of Onosma griffithii Vatke

Onosma griffithii was screened for possible pharmacological activities. The crude methanolic extract (MeOH) and its fractions demonstrated parasiticidal activity (IC 50 (ìg/ml ± S.D) = 31.03 ± 0.23) against Leishmania major. Based on the IC 50 values, the potency of the standard drug (Pentamidine) and test fractions were of the order as: Pentamidine > crude extract > n-hexane fraction > ethyl acetate (ETOAc) fraction > chloroform fraction (CHCl3) fraction > n-butanol (BUOH) fraction > aqueous fraction. Similarlymoderate antifungal activity was displayed by the crude methanolic extract against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. Against the Staphylococcus aureus, the aqueous fraction demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity

Reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid film with low Pt loading as counter electrode for improved photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitised solar cells

In this work, the role of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with hyperbranched surfactant and its hybridisation with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) as counter electrode (CE) were investigated to determine the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). Sodium 1,4-is(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)- 1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate (TC14) surfactant was utilised as dispersing and stabilising agent in electrochemical exfoliation to synthesise graphene oxide (GO) as initial solution for rGO production prior to its further hybridisation and fabrication as thin film. A chemical reduction process utilising hydrazine hydrate was conducted to produce rGO due to the low temperature process and water-based GO solution. Subsequently, hybrid solution was prepared by mixing 1 wt% MWCNTs into the produced rGO solution. TC14-rGO and TC14-rGO_MWCNTs hybrid solution were transferred into fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate to fabricate thin film by spraying deposition method. Finally, the CE films were prepared by coating with thin Pt NPs. Photoanode film was prepared by a two-step process: hydrothermal growth method to synthesise titanium dioxide nanowires (TiO2 NWs) and subsequent squeegee method to apply TiO2 NPs. According to solar simulator measurement, the highest energy conversion efficiency (η) was achieved by using CE-based TC14-rGO_MWCNTs/Pt (1.553%), with the highest short current density of 4.424 mA/cm2. The highest η was due to the high conductivity of CE hybrid film and the morphology of fabricated TiO2 NWs/TiO2 NPs. Consequently, the dye adsorption was high, and the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs was increased. This result also showed that rGO and rGO_MWCNTs hybrid can be used as considerable potential candidate materials to replace Pt gradually

Perancangan Tata Letak Fasilitas Pada Mpc (Mail Post Center) PT Pos Indonesia, Semarang Menggunakan Activity Relationship Chart

Design of the facility layout is a very important issue because of the layout greatly affect the efficiency of the operations and affect the existing costs. It also presents in the services industry. One of them is PT. Pos Indonesia Semarang MPC division. The layout of the building can reduce the cost of moving the material (material handling). PT. Pos Indonesia has set for the layout of the facility that will be used by the Division of MPC Semarang. This design is made to adjust the demand for employees will need during the process of working on MPC Division. The purpose of this study is to optimize the design layout of the facility in accordance with document delivery services and packages of local, domestic, and foreign as the main service products to rearrange working process flow. The method used is the Relationship Activity Chart (ARC). To be able to design the facilities required input data that needed by working space and process, needs support space. In addition to the main data, the benchmark study is based also on the basic rules of building class PT.Pos Indonesia to prior Division. The results of this study are to their new design layout, PT POS Indonesia received various benefits, such as to have a more comfortable process chamber, the separation of product and services mail and packages, maximize use of space, and more efficience management area

Four-wave mixing cascades seeded by a multiwavelength Brillouin–erbium fiber laser

Four-wave mixing (FWM) cascades which are seeded by a multiwavelength Brillouin–erbium fiber laser (MBEFL) are experimentally demonstrated in this work. The MBEFL, which is based on virtual mirror feedback, is successful in providing the seed for the FWM cascades. The stimulated Brillouin scattering and parametric gain for the development of the MBEFL and FWM cascades, respectively, are provided by a 12 km dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF). By launching the MBEFL into the DSF, as many as 80 comb lines can be generated when the Brillouin pump (BP) wavelength is tuned at 1560 nm. Analysis of FWM cascades as a function of BP wavelength shows that the number of comb lines is greater at the anomalous-dispersion region of the DSF, suggesting that the phase mismatch is minimized in that regime

Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a devastating chronic microvascular complication that represents the major cause of end-stage renal failure leading to the development and progression of diabetic syndrome. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in type 2 DM with diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Eighty (80) type 2 diabetic patients with DN and apparently healthy controls were respectively recruited. Blood samples were collected and tested for serum NGAL, creatinine, albumin, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Creatinine and albumin were analyzed using Abbot autoanalyser, HbA1c was analyzed using fine care system and serum NGAL using the ELISA method. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 20.0. Student t-test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation were used for comparisons and correlation of data respectively with level of significance set <0.05. Result: The mean values of the serum NGAL, FPG, HbA1c, BMI and eGFR in both DN group and control group were found to be 3.72±2.62 vs 1.08±0.78μg/ml, 7.06 ±3.46 vs 4.08± 0.39mmo/l, 6.73±1.08 vs 4.71 ±0.39%, 27.33±5.29 vs 25.08±3.65ml/min/1.73m2 and 76.57 ±11.20 vs 118.23 ±12.11ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. The study found a high and significant difference in the mean values of the DN group compared to the control group. A positive and significant relationship was observed between serum NGAL and eGFR and duration of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Serum NGAL could therefore be used as a biomarker to diagnose DN even earlier to incipient nephropathy, NGAL, Diabetes nephropathy, eGFR, Microalbuminuria, Glycated haemoglobin