Metallogenic implications of biotite chemical composition: Sample from Cu-Mo-Au mineralized granitoids of the Shah Jahan Batholith, NW Iran

Abstract Igneous biotite has been analyzed from three I-type calc-alkaline intrusives of the Shah Jahan Batholith in NW Iran, which host several Cu-Mo-Au prospects. The XMg (Mg/Mg+Fe) value of biotite is the most significant chemical factor and the relatively high value of XMg corresponds to relatively high oxidation states of magma (estimated fO2 is mostly 10−12.5 to 10−7.5 bars), which is in good agreement with their host intrusions' setting and related ore occurrences. Based on criteria of AlIV and AlVI values, all studied biotites are primary (AlVI = 0), and based on Altotal values (2.23–2.82 apfu) are in distinctive ranges of mineralized granitoid (Altotal=3.2 apfu). The maximum F content of biotite from the Shah Jahan intrusions is moderately higher than those from some other calc-alkaline intrusions related to Cu-Mo porphyries in the world, and in contrast, Cl content is relatively lower. It is likely a result of primary magmatic vs. secondary hydrothermal origin, as well as the Mg-rich characteristics of the biotite in Shah Jahan. XMg values do not correlate with F and Cl contents of biotite, suggesting that biotite records changes in the F/OH and Cl/OH ratios in coexisting melt/fluids. It is consistent with F-compatible and Cl-incompatible behavior during fractional crystallization of wet calc-alkaline I-type granitoid magma generated at subduction related arc settings. The fugacity ratios of (H2O/HF), (H2O/HCl) and (HF/HCl) magmatic solutions coexisting with biotite illustrate similar trends in the three intrusions, which can be due to parental magma sources and/or indicate occurrence of similar magmatic processes prior to or contemporaneous with exsolution of fluids from melt. The observed trends caused F-depletions and Cl-enrichments within developed magmatic-hydrothermal systems which are one of the essential characteristics of potential Cu-Mo-Au mineralized I-type granitoids

The role of endowments in the realization of peace and human rights

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of endowments in the realization of peace and human rights. Endowment means that the property of imprisonment and its benefits should be placed in the way of God. The meaning of endowment is the permanent benefit of the endowment against the property of the endowment, and for this reason it has been called endowment, and among the benefits is the transfer of interests in the way of God and social charity. So far, several researches have been done in the field of endowments but, the study of the functions of the endowment and the role of its endowments, especially in the field of peace and human rights, has not received much attention. The basic question that has been raised and examined in this regard is that what role does endowment play in achieving peace and the standards of the third generation of human rights? The present article is a descriptive-analytical and examines the question using the library method. The results of this article indicate that positive peace focuses on health, disease and the fight against disease, poverty, social and economic inequalities, and the realization of social justice and at the same time, the components of the third generation of human rights are trying to realize such things as the right to development, the right to education and the right to occupation that due to its functions, endowment plays an important role in providing the mentioned items. In conclusion, it can be said that endowment is effective in strengthening and promoting positive peace and the components of the third generation of human rights

The Etiology and Clinical Evaluations of Neonatal Seizures in Kashan, IRAN

How to Cite This Article: Talebian A, Jahangiri M, Rabiee M, Masoudi Alavi N, Akbari H, Sadat Z. The Etiology and Clinical Evaluations ofNeonatal Seizures in Kashan, IRAN. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2015;9(2):29-41. AbstractObjectiveDetection of seizure, its etiology, and clinical types is important for guiding therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the etiology and clinical evaluations of neonatal seizures in Kashan, Iran.Materials and MethodsThe data of 100 hospitalized neonates with a complaint of seizures in Kashan City, from January 2006 to January 2011 were evaluated. The pediatric neurologist made the final diagnosis. The gestational age, neonate admission age, type of delivery, and laboratory and radiological investigations were reviewed   from the medical records. The relation of seizure etiology and other variables were compared using the Chi-square test. All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (ver 11.5).ResultsA total of 100 neonates were hospitalized with a diagnosis of seizures. The overall incidence rate of seizures was 2.6 per 1,000 live births. A total of 59% of seizures happened in the first three days of life. The etiologies of seizures were hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (36%), hyponatremia (12%), hypoglycemia (11%), intracranial hemorrhage (11%), infections (10%), hypocalcemia (8%), metabolic disorders (7%), the structural anomalies (5%), and hypomagnesaemia (4%). In 23% of neonates, no specific etiology was found and 23% had multiple etiologies. In 45% of neonates, the EEG was not recorded. The type of the seizures were focal-clonic (26%), tonic (25%), multifocal clonic (34%), subtle(11%), and myoclonic (4%). The types of the seizure were unrelated to the paraclinical findings.ConclusionNeonatal seizures are common and HIE was the main cause of seizures in this study. The clinical evaluation of neonatal seizures needs improvement

Petrographic and petrogenetic studies of adakitic magmatism of Gavdel (Shivar Dagh) in Garehdagh-South Arminian Zone (Northwest of Iran) (Irankuh Pb-Zn deposit, Southwest of Isfahan)

Gavdel intrusive body, situated in NW Iran and NE of Uromieh-Dokhtar zone, is a part of Garehdagh, South-Arminian Zone (Arasbaran). The major outcrops of intrusive include of granodiorite, monzonite accompanied with granodioritic dyke. The studied samples display granular texture with essential minerals of, plagioclase, K-feldspar, amphibole ± quartz ± clinopyroxene. Geochemically, the studied rocks characterized by SiO2 in the range of (59.1-67.8%), Al2O3 (14.09-18.3%), high Sr (507.18-1150 ppm) content , high ratios of Sr/Y (32.93-83.54), La/Yb and low Y (12.05-16.13) contents, which can indicate the adakitic characters of studied rocks. These features of Gavdel intrusive display geochemical similarity with high SiO2 adakites (HAS) that comprise enriched LREE, LILE and depleted HFS elements such as Ta, Nb, and Ti. The fractionated REE pattern and low HREE and Y amount can be related to the occurrence of garnet or amphibole in residual source of adakitic magmas. High content of Sr and depletion of Ta, Nb and Ti can be ascribed either to the absence of plagioclase and the presence of Fe-Ti oxides in melt residue or fractionation of titanomagnetite and amphibole minerals with respect to petrograhic indications. Subducted slab breaking off followed by its partial melting and the overlying sediments accompanied by crustal assimilation through magma rising generated the magma in the studied area and the NW of Iran

Evaluation of the Role of Tectonic Structures in the Stratigraphy and Plio-Quaternary Eruptions of Sahand Volcano (East Azarbaijan Province)

The study of tectonic structures of volcanic areas is very effective in controlling the hazards caused by their reactivation. In this study, while introducing the different types of Sahand volcanic products and how they are deposited in the areas around the volcano, stratigraphy, lithology and how these deposits are deposited in different Sahand valleys using field and laboratory studies are discussed. According to field evidence, the Sahand volcanic complex is formed in a continental environment with shallow and calm local lakes with an area of 7200 square kilometers with a maximum altitude of 3595 meters above sea level in northwestern Iran between Tabriz and Maragheh. The activity of this volcanic mass began in the mid-Miocene and continues until the late Pleistocene. The study area is located in the West Alborz-Azerbaijan zone and is an important part of the Arab-Eurasian plate collision area. After the closure of Neotetis in the late Cretaceous and the continuation of plate convergence and its intensification in the Pliocene, significant shortening, thickening and elevation occurred in the crust of northwestern Iran and eastern Turkey, and at the same time, extensive Plio-Quaternary volcanic activity formed. Due to uplift, numerous fractures and faults occurred in the area between the broken areas and due to the dominance of tensile forces and movement along the faults, especially the faults along with the slip and stretched basins, the intersection of faults, and fold axes. Estimated values of quality coefficient in the study area show that most of the areas in the study area are active areas in terms of tectonic location and tectonic seismicity. According to the results obtained in this study, the Sahand volcano and its surrounding regions are characterized by relatively low and a high gradient of can be observed in the region. The relationship between quality coefficient for North Tabriz fault and surrounding areas including Sahand volcano Qc = 49.00 ƒ 132 is estimated to have a much greater reduction than other areas, which indicates high heterogeneity and high meat heat flow in the active and seismic zone of the northern Tabriz fault and the surrounding areas