Vainglorious Poetry (Syi'r al-Fakhr wa al-Hamasa) of the Umayyad Rulers of al-Andalus A Textual Thematic Examination

The Umayyad rulers of al-Anda/us; were professional poets to some extent. The extensive study on the poetry of the Umayyad shows that, on one hand, more than 200 couplets of poetry found to be composed by the rulers themselves according to Ibrahim Baydun in his book al-Shi 'r al-Amiri fi al-Anda/us (The Emirite Poetry in Andalusia). On the other hand, those poetic compositions in the forms of poetry and prose have shown many poetic qualities in many areas of Arabic rhetorical studies. Moreover, the Umayyad ruler-poets had also composed poetry on many popular themes and one of the most significant is the vainglory. Being approached through extensive hermeneutical tools, the study reveals the comprehensive employment of the vainglorious theme by many Umayyad rulers such as al-Dakhil and al-Rabadi. According to authoritative Andalusian sources, both had produced some 67 couplets of poetry during their life which many of them employing the theme of vainglory. This makes the vainglory the most popular Arabic literary genre employed amongst the ruler-poets of al-Anda/us

Preparation And Characterization Of γ-Al2O3 Doped With Selected Elements and Correlating Surface Properties with the Catalytic Activity in Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether

The increasing demand for energy is associated with challenges that include environmental concerns and limited reserves. Dimethyl ether, DME, which can be obtained from different feedstocks, including natural gas and biomass, has recently been recognized as an ultra-clean environmentally friendly fuel due to the fact that it possesses unique characteristics that make it an efficient alternative fuel for diesel fuel engines. In addition, DME is an industrially important intermediate for a variety of chemicals. A promising potential route for dimethyl ether production is catalytic dehydration of methanol over solid acid catalysts. Therefore, exploring new solid acid catalytic materials and understanding the mechanistic steps of methanol adsorption on their surfaces is of great importance for developing modified efficient catalysts for this process. In the present work, solid acid catalysts based on modified γ-Al2O3 were prepared by the sol-gel method and were studied as catalysts for methanol to dimethyl ether conversion. The main focus of the present thesis is to investigate the effect of selected metal dopants on the surface chemical properties of γ-Al2O3, especially acid-base characteristics, and to correlate these effects with their catalytic activity in dehydration of methanol to DME. The selected dopants include transition metal ions with different d-configurations and different oxidation states, such as Ti(IV), V(III), and Ni(II) to elucidate any possible electronic effect on the alumina surface chemical behavior. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various physical and chemical techniques including adsorption of probe molecules, namely ammonia and methanol. The study showed very promising results where doping γ-Al2O3 resulted in significant textural and chemical modifications including an enhanced overall surface acidity. The catalytic activity study showed that the incorporation of certain concentrations of Ti(IV) and Ni(II) ions in the γ-Al2O3 matrix resulted in an enhanced catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was correlated with their textural, chemical, and structural modifications resulting from the presence of the dopant ions In addition, a comparison between the studied alumina-based solids and selected ZSM5 zeolites showed that the acidic character of the OH groups on their surfaces vary and therefore, different routes of methanol adsorption and dehydration were proposed for the two types of materials. Methanol adsorption and dehydration were proposed to be associative on the surface of ZSM5 zeolites, where Brønsted acid sites played a key role in adsorption and dehydration reaction. On the other hand, dissociative adsorption on Lewis acid-base pairs dominates the interactions with γ-Al2O3-based solids

Opioid-Related Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme After Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Focus on Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction with Commonly Co-Prescribed Medications

Genetic polymorphisms in the CYP 450 enzyme system correlates to immense variability observed in opioid analgesic metabolism and its consequent sequelae. However, the impact of CYP polymorphisms on opioid metabolism following TJA, both in terms of drug efficacy and associated side effects, has yet to be delineated. This article focuses on three categories of CYP metabolizers (EM: extensive metabolizers, PM: poor metabolizers, and NM: non-metabolizers), in terms of drug efficacy and adverse reactions witnessed in the use of various pain analgesics and other commonly prescribed drugs [1]. This paper hopes to highlight the necessity of pharmacogenomic testing as a part of orthopedist’s pre- and postoperative pain management repertoire for TJA. Utilization of genetic testing may serve clinical utility in minimizing adverse drug reactions while maximizing response rates for hopes in improving postoperative patient satisfaction. Although the theoretical link between drug interaction and genetic polymorphisms is tangible, evidence-based relevance is limited. However, some clinical cases have been reported and with increasing knowledge of pharmacogenomics it may soon be possible to identify subgroups of patients at greater risk of adverse reactions and poor response rates to certain medications. We hope that the orthopaedic community can benefit from our analysis by understanding the genetic basis of pain response and the opioid interaction. We aim to provide the reader with a greater understanding of the etiological complexity associated with drug-gene interactions in order to develop evidence-based approach to prescribing opioids

Pengaruh Bimbingan Belajar Nonformal Dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Pengaruh bimbingan belajar nonformal terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen tahun ajaran 2013/2014, (2) Pengaruh kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen tahun ajaran 2013/2014, (3) Pengaruh bimbingan belajar nonformal dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di SMA N 2 Sragen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X tahun ajaran 2013/2014 dengan jumlah 213 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas X MS 2. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode angket bimbingan belajar nonformal, metode tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji regresi linear ganda. Dari hasil penelitian pada � = 5%, diperoleh: (1) terdapat pengaruh bimbingan belajar nonformal terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen tahun ajaran 2013/2014, (2) tidak terdapat pengaruh kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen tahun ajaran 2013/2014, (3) terdapat pengaruh bimbingan belajar nonformal dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Sragen tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Sumbangan Relatif (SR) X1 terhadap Y sebesar 93%, Sumbangan Relatif (SR) X2 terhadap Y sebesar 7%. Sumbangan Efektif (SE) X1 terhadap Y sebesar 46,4%, Sumbangan Efektif (SE) X2 terhadap Y sebesar 3,4%

Upaya Meningkatkan Jumlah Nasabah melalui Simpanan Pendidikan di BMT Marhamah Wonosobo

Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil atau lebih dikenal dengan BMT merupakan salah satu bentuk lembaga keuangan Syari’ah non bank. Sebuah lembaga keuangan Islam yang hadir di tengah-tengah carut marutnya perekonomian kapitalis yang di terapkan di negeri ini, kini hadir dengan menawarkan sistem baru sistem yang bebas dari riba. Kendati demikian, implementasi prinsip-prinsip Syari’ah secara teknis operasional masih dihadapkan pada sekian banyak permasalahan yang perlu segera dipecahkan. Salah satu di antaranya menyangkut kemampuan analisa fiqh sebagian besar pengelola BMT yang belum memadai, sehingga tak jarang dijumpai kasus seorang petugas BMT bingung memilih model akad Syari’ah yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan nasabah dan rencana alokasi dana yang telah ditetapkan. Bahkan tak jarang petugas pembiayaan akhirnya keliru menerapkan akad yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana Upaya BMT Marhamah dalam meningkatkan pilihan nasabah pada Simpanan Pendidikan dan bagaimana Strategi Marketing BMT Marhamah dalam mensosialisasikan produk Simpanan Pendidikan untuk meningkatkan jumlah nasabah. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Metode kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang atau perilaku yang dapat di amati. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada beberapa, antara lain wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan sumber data diperoleh dari sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Dan analisis data yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data penelitian deskriptif. Penghimpunan dana atau simpanan yang dikeluarkan untuk melatih dan mendidik siswa sekolah untuk hidup hemat dan gemar menabung pada umumnya persyaratan dan penerapannya hampir sama dengan bank lain pada umumnya. Akan tetapi penarikan dilakukan maksimal 2 kali dalam 1 tahun atau setiap semester. Simpanan pendidikan di KJKS BMT Marhamah ini sudah sesuai dengan akad yang digunakan yaitu wadi’ah dan simpanan pendidikan yang diangkat oleh penulis ini juga sudah sesuai dengan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) KJKS BMT Marhamah yang telah ditetapkan. Simpanan pendidikan di KJKS BMT Marhamah sudah sesuai dengan hukum syari’ah Islam karena, dengan penggunaan akad wadi’ah yang diterapkan dalam simpanan tersebut sudah sesuai dengan Fatwa DSN NO: 02/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tanggal 1 April 2000 tentang tabungan dan sudah sesuai pula dengan rukun dan syarat dari akad wadi’ah itu sendiri

Motivation for learning English in Jordan

This study of English language teaching in Jordan commences with a brief discussion of the historical factors which have affected the Jordanian educational system and describes current educational provision. This is followed by a survey of the literature and a discussion of the various theories of English language teaching which have been advanced. In order to ascertain the relevance of these theories to English language teaching in Jordan a random sample of two-hundred English language students from a variety of backgrounds was required to complete a questionnaire and test paper. The rationale of the organisation of the questionnaire and test paper is discussed and the students' results are subjected to a detailed statistical analysis. This analysis highlights the difference between students from rural and urban backgrounds and the difference between private and state school students. Many other factors such as attitudes towards English teachers, attitudes towards textbooks, the social advantage of learning English, attitudes towards English language in general and outside school factors are also seen as determining students' attitudes and motivation. The findings of this study indicate that these are primarily instrumental as opposed to integrative. The thesis concludes by reviewing the major findings and by enumerating a number of recommendations designed to improve English language teaching in Jordan