The stability of money demand in China : evidence from the ARDL model

This study examines the demand for broad money (M2) in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration framework. The results based on the bounds testing procedure confirm that a stable, long-run relationship exists between M2 and its determinants: real income, inflation, foreign interest rates and stock prices. Importantly, our results reveal that stock prices have a significant wealth effect on long- and short-run broad money demand; its omission can lead to serious misspecifications in the money demand function (MDF). This finding is consistent with the notion that asset inflation (deflation) has systematic influence on the pattern of monetary aggregates

Pengembangan Formula Minuman Olahraga Berbasis Tempe untuk Pemulihan Kerusakan Otot

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari formulasi minuman olahraga berbasis tempe untuk pemulihan kerusakan otot dengan kandungan gizi yang tepat dan dapat diterima secara sensori. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktor tunggal yaitu jumlah penambahan air untuk melarutkan tepung tempe yang terdiri dari tiga tingkatan yaitu 500 ml, 600 ml dan 700 ml, dengan masing-masing perlakuan mengandung 23 gram protein. Tepung tempe yang digunakan mengandung kadar air 5,39%, abu 1,22 % berat kering, protein 45,55% berat kering, lemak 33,9% berat kering, karbohidrat 13,94 % berat kering, kalsium 0,14% berat kering, besi 0,018% berat kering, natrium 0,004% berat kering, magnesium 0,06% berat kering, klorida 0,04% berat kering dan kalium 0,10% berat kering. Hasil uji hedonik minuman tempe menunjukkan bahwa penambahan air 600 ml cenderung mempunyai nilai kesukaan secara keseluruhan yang paling tinggi (5,42) dibandingkan dengan penambahan air 700 ml (5,37) dan 500 ml (nilai 4,92) (P>0,05). Minuman tempe dengan penggunaan air 600 ml mempunyai penerimaan secara keseluruhan yang tertinggi dengan nilai 80%. Minuman tersebut mempunyai karakteristik per sajian sebagai berikut kandungan protein 23 gram, karbohidrat 48 gram, lemak 17,11 gram, energi 438 kkal, branched chain amino acids (BCAA) 4161,6 mg, Ca 72,92 mg, Fe 9,46 mg, Mg 33,12 mg, Na 2,37 mg dan Cl 21,30 mg, dan K 54 mg

Financial Integration of East Asian Economies: Evidence from Real Interest Parity

In this paper, we investigate the financial linkages between the East Asian countries with Japan and the US using the real interest rate parity (RIP) condition. This study offers three important results: first, we find strong (robust) evidence that RIP condition holds in all the Asian countries, except for China. Based on SURADF tests, we conclude that South Korea and the ASEAN-5 countries are financially integrated with the global financial markets namely, Japan and the US. Second, we also confirmed the real interest rate differentials between Japan and the US exhibits strong tendency towards a stationary equilibrium. Third, the analysis drawn on half-life suggests that the US-Asian link has been getting stronger than the Japan-Asian one in post-liberalization er

Financial Integration of East Asian Economies: Evidence from Real Interest Parity

In this paper, we investigate the financial linkages between the East Asian economies with Japan and the US using the real interest rate parity (RIP) condition. We test for long-run RIP using an array of panel unit root tests, including a recent technique developed by Breuer et al. (2002). This study offers two important results: first, we found strong (robust) evidence that the parity condition holds in all the Asian countries, except for China. For China, there is no evidence of RIP when Japan is used as based country. Real interest differential between China and the US exhibits a tendency towards stationary equilibrium over the period 1987-2006. Second, the analysis drawn on half-life suggests that the US-Asian link has been getting stronger than the Japan-Asian one in the post-liberalization era

Financial Integration of East Asian Economies: Evidence from Real Interest Parity

In this paper, we investigate the financial linkages between the East Asian economies with Japan and the US using the real interest rate parity (RIP) condition. We test for long-run RIP using an array of panel unit root tests, including a recent technique developed by Breuer et al. (2002). This study offers two important results: first, we found strong (robust) evidence that the parity condition holds in all the Asian countries, except for China. For China, there is no evidence of RIP when Japan is used as based country. Real interest differential between China and the US exhibits a tendency towards stationary equilibrium over the period 1987-2006. Second, the analysis drawn on half-life suggests that the US-Asian link has been getting stronger than the Japan-Asian one in the post-liberalization era

VARIATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE AND CALORIFIC VALUES OF NATIVE MALAYSIAN BAMBOO SPECIES

The chemical properties of four common Malaysian bamboo species locally known as Beting (Gigantochloa levis), Semantan (Gigantochloa scortechinii), Lemang (Schizostachyum brachyladum) and Akar (Bambusa vulgaris) were studied. Chemical analysis shows that the alkaline extractive content for Malaysian bamboo species studied was within 24.4% to 25.6%, ethanol-toluene extractive content for Malaysian bamboo species was within 4.0% to 7.2% and water extractive content was within 10.4% to 12.8%. The average value of holocellulose content for Malaysian bamboo was between 64.5% to 70.67%, Klason lignin within 25.3% to 28.4%, cellulose content was between 28.5% to 33.8% and α-cellulose content for all bamboo species was within the range of 40.7% to 47.9%. The crystallinity of bamboo samples was between 42.0 to 44.4%, indicating their semi-crystalline structure.  Heating value of bamboo ranged between 17.0 MJ/kg to 18.1 MJ/kg with G. scortechinii having the highest heating value.. The Inductive Couple Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-ES) analysis showed that Potassium (K) and Calcium (C) were the major elements in the ash of all bamboo samples. This study demonstrates the potential of native bamboo species as an alternative sustainable raw material to wood for a wide range of applications

Linking integrity with road pricing cause-and-effect model: A system dynamics simulation approach

With Malaysia's rapid urbanisation and continuous improvement of living standards, vehicle ownership and trip volume continue to grow. Increases in motor traffic in large cities and their environs result in a number of social, environmental, and economic issues, which are frequently attributable to the widespread use of automobiles as the primary mode of urban transportation. This exacerbates traffic congestion on the country's highways, particularly in urban areas such as Kuala Lumpur. This traffic congestion poses an ongoing threat to the sustainability of transport development. Thus, by using the system dynamics, this study establishes a cause-and-effect relationship regarding the implementation of road pricing as a tool for reducing congestion and a stepping stone for enhancing sustainability. Road pricing is a direct charge assessed to drivers who use the road network with the goal of reducing the number of private vehicles on the road during peak hours. The developed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) composed of five subsystems: road congestion, road attractiveness, new road construction, public transportation, and road pricing. The road congestion, new road construction, and road pricing all encounter mutual reinforcement as a result of a variety of negative polarities. As a result, authorities should place a greater emphasis on these loopholes, as they will inevitably result in unexpected changes. Additionally, by incorporating holistic perspectives from previous works and experts in the field, CLD can aid in identifying the primary factors underlying the problem being studied. In future work, the developed CLD should be extended to the next stage of the SD model, dubbed stock-flow-diagram (SFD)