Trust And Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Secure Routing

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network area that includes a large number of nodes and the ability of wireless transmission. WSNs are frequently employed for vital applications in which security and dependability are of utmost concern. The main objective of the proposed method is to design a WSN to maximize network longevity while minimizing power usage. In a WSN, trust management is employed to encourage node collaboration, which is crucial for achieving dependable transmission. In this research, a novel Trust and Energy Aware Routing Protocol (TEARP) in wireless sensors networks is proposed, which use blockchain technology to maintain the identity of the Sensor Nodes (SNs) and Aggregator Nodes (ANs). The proposed TEARP technique provides a thorough trust value for nodes based on their direct trust values and the filtering mechanisms generate the indirect trust values. Further, an enhanced threshold technique is employed to identify the most appropriate clustering heads based on dynamic changes in the extensive trust values and residual energy of the networks. Lastly, cluster heads should be routed in a secure manner using a Sand Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SCSOA). The proposed method has been evaluated using specific parameters such as Network Lifetime, Residual Energy, Throughpu,t Packet Delivery Ratio, and Detection Accuracy respectively. The proposed TEARP method improves the network lifetime by 39.64%, 33.05%, and 27.16%, compared with Energy-efficient and Secure Routing (ESR), Multi-Objective nature-inspired algorithm based on Shuffled frog-leaping algorithm and Firefly Algorithm (MOSFA) , and Optimal Support Vector Machine (OSVM)

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Prospects of Echiniculture in Indi

Il linguaggio sopra la base magica. Realt\ue0 e scrittura in Nanni Balestrini

Personaggi, fatti ed esperienze collegati con precise realt\ue0 storiche e sociali occupano il piano del contenuto di molte opere in prosa e in versi di Nanni Balestrini. Tuttavia questa semplice constatazione non deve mettere in ombra la complessit\ue0 del rapporto fra realt\ue0 e scrittura nella sua opera, tenacemente irriducibile ad uno schema contenutistico. Non inganni, in casi come il radiodramma Parma 1922, l\u2019apparente trasparenza della prosa: con Balestrini ci si tiene sempre lontano dall\u2019esercizio della scrittura come mimesi realistica. Balestrini \ue8 uno scrittore che, al limite, pu\uf2 non scrivere affatto ma piuttosto riscrivere e - con particolari procedimenti - porre sulla \u201cbase magica\u201d della sua letteratura un dato: il prodotto linguistico di una determinata realt\ue0, che nel caso di Parma 1922 consiste nei discorsi dei protagonisti delle Barricate e di chi li raccont\uf2 negli anni Sessanta (lo storico De Micheli). Come lo spirito epico che anima queste pagine, anche quanto vi si trova di realistico appartiene a quei linguaggi e, in ultima istanza, appartiene a quelle storie. A Balestrini spetta la straordinaria capacit\ue0 di farne letteratura

Echinoid landings at Mandapam, south-east coast of India with a note on gonadal maturity of two species of sea urchins

The sea urchins, belonging to phylum Echinodermata, are a good source of “roe”, (gonads) and are being consumed by humans since pre-historic times. In many countries of the world, it is a delicacy among the food items and in retail markets in Japan, it is sold at prices as high as US$ 600 kg-1. Among the 800 species of echinoids, 105 species are found along the east coast of India and 30 species are recorded along the coast of Tamil Nadu. There is a paucity of information on the biology and ecology of sea urchins and lack of studies on its edibility and palatability. The sea urchin aquaculture called as echiniculture is picking up in subtropics and temperate areas. Importantly, the tropical marine ecosystem of India, which supports diverse flora and fauna is a suitable environment for echiniculture, and the future research needs to be focused to find out the potential species and developing techniques for their aquaculture. The present investigation analysed the landings of echinoderms in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay along the south-east coast of India and also studied the gonadal maturity of two species of sea urchins viz., Salmacis virgulata and Temnopleurus toreumaticus in order to assess their suitability for echiniculture. S. virgulata and T. toreumaticus formed 70 and 30% respectively of the sea urchins landings at Vedalai and Pampan landing centres. The overall sex ratio of both the species did not deviate significantly from 1:1. In S. virgulata the mean monthly gonad index was highest (9.62±0.46) during September 2014 and for T. toreumaticus, the peak GSI was observed during December 2013. Further studies on captive maturation and breeding are needed to explore the potential of these species for echiniculture

Studies on the Influence of Abiotic Factors in the Gonadal Index of Sea urchin Salmacis virgulata from the Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of India

The present study was conducted to find out whether the abiotic factors in Gulf of Mannar viz., Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Day light photoperiod would have an effect on the Gonado somatic index of the dominant sea urchin species Salmacis virgulata. A sampling survey for 20 months was conducted from October-2013 to May-2015 in Vedalai landing centre, along the Gulf of Mannar. The freshly collected sea urchin were brought to Mandapam CMFRI and their Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) was estimated. The remote sensing data of the SST from Gulf of Mannar sourced from ICOADS and the daylight photoperiod were compared with the GSI data for 20 months in order to assess the synchrony among the three parameters. The pearson correlation coefficient of the association among the GSI, SST and Photoperiod revealed that there was no significant correlation (p>0.001). The result of the present study revealed that the Gonado Somatic Index of S. virgulata is independent of abiotic factors, which is in contrast to the temperate sea urchin species, where SST and Photoperiod play a major role in gonadal development

19-F NMR Investigation of Iron-pnictide Superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11)

We report 19-F NMR investigation of the new high temperature superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) (Tc ~ 28K). We demonstrate that low frequency spin fluctuations exhibit pseudo gap behavior above Tc. We also deduce the London penetration depth lambda from NMR line broadening below Tc.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid) with the original submission dat

Achieving urban flood resilience in an uncertain future

Preliminary results of the UK Urban Flood Resilience research consortium are presented and discussed, with the work being conducted against a background of future uncertainties with respect to changing climate and increasing urbanization. Adopting a whole systems approach, key themes include developing adaptive approaches for flexible engineering design of coupled grey and blue-green flood management assets; exploiting the resource potential of urban stormwater through rainwater harvesting, urban metabolism modelling and interoperability; and investigating the interactions between planners, developers, engineers and communities at multiple scales in managing flood risk. The work is producing new modelling tools and an extensive evidence base to support the case for multifunctional infrastructure that delivers multiple, environmental, societal and economic benefits, while enhancing urban flood resilience by bringing stormwater management and green infrastructure together.</jats:p

Pressure effects on the electron-doped high Tc superconductor BaFe(2-x)Co(x)As(2)

Application of pressures or electron-doping through Co substitution into Fe sites transforms the itinerant antiferromagnet BaFe(2)As(2) into a superconductor with the Tc exceeding 20K. We carried out systematic transport measurements of BaFe(2-x)Co(x)As(2) superconductors in pressures up to 2.5GPa, and elucidate the interplay between the effects of electron-doping and pressures. For the underdoped sample with nominal composition x = 0.08, application of pressure strongly suppresses a magnetic instability while enhancing Tc by nearly a factor of two from 11K to 21K. In contrast, the optimally doped x=0.20 sample shows very little enhancement of Tc=22K under applied pressure. Our results strongly suggest that the proximity to a magnetic instability is the key to the mechanism of superconductivity in iron-pnictides.Comment: 5 figure