Delimiting the social boundaries of competition law in asean: a common approach?

This paper examines the interface between the economic and social elements of competition law in ASEAN. Generally, the aim of competition law should be to protect the process of competition, promote market efficiencies and enhance consumer welfare in the countries. Nevertheless there is a concern arising from such interface. Competition law strives to ensure competition and economic efficiency but market structure and behavior which harm competition or lead to inefficiency may have positive impact on the society. Along these lines, this paper looks into the social applications of competition legislation of Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. Variations between different AS

THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION IN ACHIEVING ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE THROUGH BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION AND ASSET RELATIONAL COLLABORATION

Purpose of the study: This study examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation in achieving the best performance of the firm through the mediation of business model innovation and strategic relational assets as intangible assets that are inimitable. Methodology: The study was conducted in 105 private hospitals in Indonesia, affected by the reform of the regulation and influenced by digital disruption, which triggered the disruptive change. This study used a quantitative method and processed by Structural Equation Modelling program for quantitative data analysis. Main Findings: The results of this study concluded that the entrepreneurial orientation of the hospital has a significant positive impact on the achievement of organizational performance, either directly or with the mediation of business model innovation and the collaboration between hospital management and the physicians. Applications of this study: This study proved to be a critical determinant for the business model innovation and the growth of hospital performance. Novelty/Originality of this study:As the theoretical contribution of this study is to enrich the development of entrepreneurial orientation concept as a part of organizational entrepreneurship which emphasizes the relationship of the stakeholders of an industry, through integration with some concepts and theories in strategic management such as resource-based theory, business model innovation and stakeholder theory

Indonesia's Mineral Export Prohibition and Legality of Export Duties Under the GATT Rules

The development of electric vehicles has been becoming a global trend to tackle worsening air pollution. The rich mineral country desires to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) through transportation transformation by building a domestic-based battery vehicle industry. The policy resulted in importing export restrictions on nickel ore and bauxite by the Indonesian government. However, the measures are inconsistent with Article XI.1 of the GATT rules, which forbid imposing restrictions on the global market. There are cases in WTO DSB deciding that export restrictions infringe the provision, such as in China – Raw Materials (DS394) and China – Rare Earth (DS431) cases. In such cases, adjudicators also do not justify the imposition of export duties for the members. Meanwhile, Article XI.1 does not prohibit the imposition of export duties as another option to impose export restraints. The Indonesian authority could apply the measures. This Article analyses Indonesia's justification for imposing export control through the GATT rules. The research is conducted based on a normative juridical approach in which the sources come from the rules of GATT and its DSB decision to analyse the extent to which the measures are allowed to take into force for the member regarding the GATT provisions. The Article finds that Indonesia may be justified in the imposition of export duties to control the export of both raw materials. Article XI.1 of GATT justifies the original and accepted members to impose the duties measures as there are unclear provisions on export prohibition, which means Indonesia could enforce the charge of duties implicitly

Top management capabilities and performance of halal product

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of top management capabilities inclusiveof global mindset (GM), foreign knowledge (FK) and international firm performance (IP).Design/methodology/approach – This paper opted for a descriptive study using structuredquestionnaires involving 118 Malaysian small medium enterprises (SMEs) that are currently marketing theirproducts abroad with halal JAKIM certification. Multiple regression analysis was applied to test the influenceof the two variables on international performance.Findings – The findings revealed both GM and FK significantly influence IP, which is crucial to overcomeSMEs’ resistance to go international.Research limitations/implications – This study only focusses on the niche market which is halalexport product, thus the findings may not be generalized to other sectors. Furthermore, the firm size mightalso influence the significant contribution of top management.Originality/value – This paper is a part of ongoing study of internal capabilities and international firmperformance among SMEs halal product manufacturers in developing countries

Halal food, market access and exception to WTO law: new aspects learned from Indonesia - chicken products

Halal is the dietary law for Muslims. Complying with its rules, which are based on Islamic religious texts, is required for practicing Muslims all over the world in the context of consuming food and other consumer products. Halal measures can have an effect on trade for halal-related concerns. Halal certification is required as a condition for the importation of certain food products into some countries. These measures can be inconsistent with the World Trade Organization (hereinafter “WTO”) as shown in Indonesia — Chicken Products (2017). However, the extent to which WTO Member States are given leeway in implementing their halal measures in order for the exceptions under the WTO vis-à-vis Article XX of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (hereinafter “GATT”) to apply needs to be examined. Based on these premises, this paper seeks to discuss the legal issues in the GATT/WTO context arising from the halal measures. The measures will be conceptualised before the application of GATT/WTO rules to such measures is assessed. The interplay between Article XX of GATT and halal measures will be explored. This will be followed by an analysis of the decision of the WTO Panel in the Indonesia — Chicken Products cas

E-Tazkirah Video Streaming Web Portal: a prototype / Sabrina Ahamat

Video streaming has become popular technology for delivering any files over the Internet. However, it become more difficult and present many challenge for the developer of this streaming project in order to make it compatible with the new technology. Many analysis had been done in order to ensure the achievement of streaming in the future. This project is focusing on the delivering the live streaming and video on demand (VOD) of the E-Tazkirah Video Streaming Web Portal. This is a prototype project that leads to meet the objectives; to develop a prototype of the E-Tazkirah web portal video streaming, to deliver a live and scheduled video to the user when using the E-Tazkirah web portal video streaming, and to exploit the good way using E-Tazkirah in delivering the video content to user