The Neolithic Flint Quarry of Pozarrate (Treviño, Northern Spain)

In this work, we present the preliminary data we have obtained in the Neolithic flint quarry of Pozarrate, currently under archaeological works. We want to put forward an update about the sedimentary fillings of one of the crescent-shaped dump quarries (6000-5600 BP). It is located at the Sierra de Araico-Cucho (Trevino, northern Spain). In this region, Tertiary carbonated terrains which host important silicifications called Trevino flint (Tarrino, A. (2006). El silex en la cuenca vasco-cantabrica y Pirineo Navarro. Caracterizacion y su aprovechamiento en la Prehistoria. Monograia 21, Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigacion de Altamira. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura) are outcropped. The procurement of these silicifications by prehistoric populations was motivated by the good quality of this raw material for knapping. Currently, it constitutes one of the few Neolithic known flint mines of the Iberian Peninsula, understood as places of exploitation of flint with landscape modifications. Some instruments related to prehistoric quarry works have been recovered, such as picks, maces, and hammers made of flint, dolerite, and deer antler. Studies on Pozarrate material remains have been conducted in an interdisciplinary way, in order to have a better understanding of the prehistoric mining processes. Several methodologies are being used in the study of the lithic industries, including flint characterization, procurement, typological, typometrical, technological, and functional approaches. We have obtained the initial data about extraction, selection, management, and use processes of the flint and dolerite assemblages. Deer antler remains have recently undergone a restoration process and preliminary data have been offered. Moreover, an experimental approach has been applied to clarify specific archaeological issues and technical solutions for quarrying using dolerite maces.This article is the result of the collaboration of several researchers from different institutions, including the Universities of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Oviedo, Leon, CENIEH and UNED-Bergara, on the basis of Spanish Science Ministry funding projects: HAR2015-67429-P and PID2020-118359GB-I00. One of the authors (NC) benefited from the Research Talent Attraction post-doctoral fellowship, 2017-T2/HUM-3488, financed by Comunidad de Madrid at the Department of Prehistory and Archaeology of Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. The lithic analysis of the cores was carried out thanks to the "APPREND" project: Apprenticeship in Prehistory, PGC2018-093309-A-I00, founded by the National Spanish Program of Knowledge Generation R&D&I and finally, we express our gratitude to anonymous reviewers 1 and 3 for their suggestions

Análisis del funcionamiento y rol de los Grupos de Acogimiento en la atención de la salud mental comunitaria. Lima, Perú, 2019.

Objective: The operationalization and the role of a participatory model of diagnostic and therapeutic formulations called Foster Groups, implemented in a Community Mental Health Center in Lima, Peru, are analyzed. Material and Methods: The research was based on the participanting observation by experts in community mental health, public health, communication and social sciences, of a total of 24 Foster Group sessions held at the Nancy Reyes Community Mental Health Center in Chorrillos, Lima Peru, during the years 2018-2019. Results: The Foster Groups are structured in sequential phases that follow a logical process of diagnostic formulations and management plans, concurrently performed by professionals from different disciplines for a small group of users, thus allowing both, diagnoses as plans, to be more comprehensive. An environment of trust is generated, allowing people to share experiences of suffering and intimacy at levels that often exceed those expressed in the traditional doctor-patient relationship. Interdisciplinary dialogue is permanent and users alternate roles of analysands and analysers, showing signs of progressive empowerment. Conclusions: Foster Groups operationalize the fundamental principles of Community Mental Health, are a valuable tool for the expansion of the Comprehensive Care Model as the axis of public health policy in Peru, soften the communication barriers of the doctor-patient relationship, and reduce the social distances between participants, enabling better care and therapeutic alliances.Objetivo: Analizar el funcionamiento y discutir el rol de un modelo participativo de formulación diagnóstica y terapéutica denominado Grupos de Acogimiento (GDA), implementados en un Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario (CSMC) en Perú. Material y métodos: La investigación se basó en la observación participante de expertos en salud mental comunitaria, salud pública, ciencias de la comunicación y ciencias sociales, en un total de 24 sesiones de GDA realizadas en el CSMC Nancy Reyes de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú, durante los años 2018-2019. Resultados: Los GDA están estructurados en fases que siguen un proceso lógico de formulación de diagnósticos y planes de manejo que, al llevarse a cabo de forma concurrente con la participación de profesionales de diferentes disciplinas y dirigido a un pequeño grupo de usuarios, permite que tanto los diagnósticos como los planes tengan un carácter más integral. Se va generando un ambiente de confianza que permite que las personas compartan experiencias de sufrimiento e intimidad en niveles que con frecuencia superan los expresados en ámbitos de la tradicional relación profesional- usuario. El diálogo interdisciplinario es permanente y los usuarios alternan roles de analizados y analizantes, dando señales de un empoderamiento progresivo. Conclusiones: Los GDA operacionalizan los principios fundamentales de la salud mental comunitaria, son una herramienta valiosa para la expansión del Modelo de Cuidado Integral como eje de la política pública de salud en el Perú, diluyen las barreras comunicacionales propias de la relación profesional-usuario y acortan las distancias sociales de los participantes, posibilitando mejores alianzas terapéuticas y de cuidado

Know now : achieving skills, preparing for life

Hoy presentamos Know Now. Achieving skills, preparing for life, una cartilla para que los estudiantes de educación media refuercen sus competencias lingüísticas en inglés y se preparen para una sociedad cada vez más globalizada. Los invito a utilizar esta pieza especial, pues complementa otras estrategias como la certificación continuada de docentes para la enseñanza del inglés y un modelo pedagógico

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Heterogeneity of Genetic Damage in Cervical Nuclei and Lymphocytes in Women with Different Levels of Dysplasia and Cancer-Associated Risk Factors

The comet assay can be used to assess genetic damage, but heterogeneity in the length of the tails is frequently observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate genetic damage and heterogeneity in the cervical nuclei and lymphocytes from patients with different levels of dysplasia and to determine the risk factors associated with the development of cervical cancer. The study included 97 females who presented with different levels of dysplasia. A comet assay was performed in peripheral blood lymphocytes and cervical epithelial cells. Significant genetic damage (P≤0.05) was observed only in patients diagnosed with nuclei cervical from dysplasia III (NCDIII) and lymphocytes from dysplasia I (LDI). However, the standard deviations of the tail lengths in the cervical nuclei and lymphocytes from patients with dysplasia I were significantly different (P≤0.0001) from the standard deviations of the tail lengths in the nuclei cervical and lymphocytes from patients with DII and DIII (NCDII, NCDIII and LDII, LDIII), indicating a high heterogeneity in tail length. Results suggest that genetic damage could be widely present but only manifested as increased tail length in certain cell populations. This heterogeneity could obscure the statistical significance of the genetic damage

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado