Desarrollo y evaluación de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje en cursos profesionalizantes en enfermería

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: desenvolver e avaliar o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem na temática de administração de medicamentos em Curso Profissionalizante de Enfermagem, na cidade de Curitiba, PR. A elaboração do programa foi dividida em três fases: a primeira fase, desenvolvimento do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem; a fase 2, formatação e avaliação do uso e a fase 3, avaliação da aprendizagem. As avaliações do programa demonstraram que o mesmo está de acordo com os objetivos educacionais propostos para desenvolvimento e implementação de uma tecnologia educacional. A avaliação da aprendizagem demonstrou que os alunos tiveram porcentagem de 85% de acertos nas questões abordadas. As possibilidades na elaboração de novas tecnologias educacionais serão válidas tanto para auxiliar no processo ensino/aprendizagem como para o desenvolvimento de futuros profissionais na enfermagem.Los objetos de este estudio fueron: desarrollar y evaluar el Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje en la temática administración de medicamentos en cursos profesionalizantes de enfermería en la ciudad de Curitiba/PR. La elaboración del programa se divide en tres fases: 1 - desarrollo del Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje; 2 - implementación; 3 - evaluación del aprendizaje. Las evaluaciones del programa demostraron que está en conformidad con los objetivos educacionales propuestos para desarrollo e implementación de una tecnología educacional. La evaluación del aprendizaje demostró que los alumnos alcanzaron un porcentaje de 85% de aciertos en las cuestiones tratadas. La posibilidad de la elaboración de nuevas tecnologías educacionales serán válidas tanto para auxiliar en el proceso enseñanza/aprendizaje como para desarrollar futuros profesionales de Enfermería.This study aimed to: develop and evaluate a Virtual Learning Environment in the theme administering medications in a professional nursing course in Curitiba/PR, Brazil. The program's elaboration was divided in three phases: 1- Virtual Learning Environment development Guide. Phase 2, corresponded to implementation and assessment of its use. Phase 3, learning Evaluation. The program evaluations demonstrate that it is in accordance to the educational goals intended to develop and implement an educational technology. The assessment on learning showed that the students answered correctly 85% of the questions discussed. The possibility of elaborating new educational technologies can be helpful in the teaching/learning process, as well as in the development of future nursing professionals

Non-fluent aphasia in Ibero-Romance:A review of morphosyntactic deficits

Background: Castilian-Spanish, Catalan, Galician, and European Portuguese are the most widely spoken languages of the Ibero-Romance group. An increasing number of authors have addressed the impact of aphasia on the morphosyntax of these varieties. However, accurate linguistic characterisations are scarce and the different sources of data have not been yet compiled. Aims: To stimulate state-of-the-art research, we provided a comprehensive summary of morphosyntactic aspects of Ibero-Romance and a review of how these are affected in non-fluent aphasia. The topics we dealt with are the use of verb argument structure and morphology, sentential negation and word order, definite articles, personal and reflexive pronouns, passives, topicalised constructions, questions, and relative clauses. Methods & Procedures: An exhaustive fieldwork and search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline records were performed to retrieve studies focused on morphosyntactic issues concerning the Ibero-Romance varieties. A total of 27 studies produced by 46 authors of varying background emerged. We did not review studies of category-specific deficits and aspects related to bilingual aphasia, although we assume that most speakers of Galician and Catalan are bilingual. Studies of spontaneous speech were included when no controlled experimental tasks were available. Outcomes & Results: The morphosyntactic commonalities of Ibero-Romance have been tackled from different theoretical perspectives. There exist asymmetries in findings which we explain with the use of different tasks (and task complexity) and individual differences between participants. Conclusions: Discourse-linking factors as well as deviations from the canonical pattern are recurrent answers to these asymmetries. A comprehensive theory of impairments in non-fluent aphasia integrating relevant aspects of both structural and processing accounts seems necessary.26 page(s

La obra literaria de Ricardo Baroja

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 13-05-1999El pintor y grabador español Ricardo Baroja (1871-1953), hermano del novelista Pío Baroja, es autor de una extensa obra literaria, de la que es conocida casi exclusivamente parte de su colección de artículos de memorias, titulada Gente del 98. Sin embargo, sus novelas, cuentos obras dramáticas y artículos de prensa constituyen un corpus importante, que esta tesis establece y analiza, inscrito en un periodo de gran riqueza e interésFac. de FilologíaTRUEpu

Nanofibrous membranes obtained by electrospinning for bone tissue engineering and wound dressing applications

Esta tesis doctoral se ha realizado dentro del marco de un acuerdo de co-tutela entre la Universidad de Zaragoza (Universidad de origen), la Universidad de Calabria (Universidad anfitriona) y la Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad NOVA de Lisboa (FCT NOVA) (Universidad anfitriona). El trabajo de investigación se ha llevado a cabo dentro del programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería de Membranas Erasmus Mundus (EUDIME), (FPA 2011-0014), financiado por la Unión Europea. La tesis se centró principalmente en el uso de la técnica de electrohilado para producir diferentes tipos de membranas que puedan ser utilizadas en distintas aplicaciones biomédicas. Se sintetizaron y produjeron nanopartículas orgánicas e inorgánicas para ser utilizadas como rellenos o como portadores (sistema de administración de fármacos), así como membranas nanofibrosas electrohiladas. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), específicamente en el grupo de Nanostructured Films and Particles (NFP) bajo la supervisión de la profesora Silvia Irusta y la Dra. Gracia Mendoza. Una parte importante de la caracterización físico-química se realizó en el INA. En la Universidad de Calabria se trabajó bajo la supervisión de la Dra. Loredana de Bartolo en el Instituto de Tecnología de Membranas (ITM). Allí se utilizaron técnicas específicas tanto para la caracterización como para estudiar diferentes señales biológicas producidas por las membranas sintetizadas, bajo la supervisión. Por otro lado, la movilidad llevada a cabo en la Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología (FCT NOVA) de la Universidade NOVA (FCT NOVA) bajo la supervisión de la profesora Ana Isabel Aguiar-Ricardo, permitió realizar una caracterización completa de dos membranas asimétricas siguiendo diferentes Normas Internacionales que establecen diferentes ensayos a realizar en apósitos primarios utilizados en heridas. El desarrollo de nuevos scaffolds cargados con proteínas morfogenéticas o antibióticos es de gran interés en el campo de la ingeniería de tejidos óseos. Scaffolds electrohilados con una microporosidad mejorada puede ser beneficioso para mejorar la viabilidad celular debido a que una alta porosidad junto a la presencia de microporos puede proporcionar un entorno tridimensional (3D) que no solamente facilita la siembra y difusión celular sino también proporciona una mejor difusión de los nutrientes y residuos a través del scaffolds. La adición de cerámica de fosfato de calcio ha sido ampliamente investigada para fabricar scaffolds altamente porosos para la ingeniería de tejidos óseos debido a que presentan una composición muy similar al hueso, incluyendo excelentes propiedades de biocompatibilidad, osteoinductivas y osteoconductoras. Partículas cargadas con proteínas morfogenéticas de hueso distribuidas homogéneamente en el scaffolds podrían asegurar una liberación continua del factor de crecimiento proporcionando de esta forma las señales bioquímicas necesarias para la reparación y regeneración ósea. Los scaffolds cargados con antibióticos pueden proporcionar una liberación sostenida del fármaco en el sitio de interés, así como el mantenimiento de propiedades osteogénicas mejoradas para la regeneración exitosa del hueso. Evitando de esta forma que se alcancen niveles de toxicidad o niveles ineficaces en la zona de interés, así como la aparición de efectos secundarios indeseados en los pacientes que provocan un rechazo a los tratamientos prolongados de fármacos por vía sistemática (vía oral e intravenosa). Otra aplicación biomédica interesante de las membranas electrohiladas es la fabricación de apósitos inteligentes eficientes para el tratamiento de heridas. Para lograr una curación rápida de la herida es necesario desarrollar membranas apropiadas con poros interconectados capaces de prevenir la deshidratación rápida y la penetración de bacterias. Para mantener un ambiente húmedo en el lecho de la herida se necesita una alta capacidad de absorción y una adecuada transmisión de vapor de agua. Además, si la membrana electrohilada presenta propiedades bactericidas facilitará el proceso de curación. El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue el desarrollo mediante electrohilado de membranas fibrosas con las características apropiadas para ser utilizadas en la ingeniería de tejidos óseos o como apósito para heridas. En los Capítulos II al V se plantean una serie de objetivos específicos con el fin de cumplir el objetivo principal. Este documento de tesis se dividió en las siguientes secciones: CAPÍTULO I, corresponde a la introducción general donde se describen los conceptos de biomateriales, scaffolds, ingeniería de tejidos y el objetivo principal de los sistemas de liberación de fármacos. Así como, la clasificación de los biomateriales y la ingeniería de tejidos según el origen de los materiales. Además se ponen de manifiesto todos los factores que deben tenerse en cuenta para desarrollar y aplicar adecuadamente los apósitos para heridas. Se mencionaron las diferentes técnicas utilizadas en la literatura haciendo énfasis en el uso de electrohilado y electropulverización para producir scaffolds o membranas para su uso en la ingeniería del tejido óseo y como apósitos para heridas. CAPÍTULO II, se enfoca en el desarrollo y mejora de andamios 3D capaces de promover una eficiente regeneración ósea junto con la liberación de antibióticos dirigidos para prevenir la colonización de bacterias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue sintetizar y caracterizar un sistema de liberación de fármacos que consiste en nanofibras electrohiladas de policaprolactona (PCL) decoradas con partículas de poli (ácido láctico-coglicólico) (PLGA) cargadas con rifampicina (RFP). Este material debe promover la reparación ósea evitando el deterioro del scaffolds provocado por una infección. Se realizó la evaluación in vitro de la capacidad bactericida del material electrohilado sintetizado contra bacterias Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus) y Gram negativas (Escherichia coli), así como su citocompatibilidad en cultivos 3D con osteoblastos humanos. Estos resultados se enviaron a la Revista de farmacia “International Journal of Pharmaceuitics” para su publicación en formato de artículo y está bajo revisión. CAPÍTULO III, se describe la síntesis y caracterización de membranas con estructura de núcleo-envoltura de PCL y acetato de polivinilo (PVAc) obtenidas por electrohilado. Las fibras se cargaron con nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita sintética (HAn) para aumentar la bioactividad de los materiales. Los scaffolds desarrollados se trataron con ablación láser para crear características topográficas deseadas a nivel micrométrico con el objetivo de favorecer la adhesión y crecimiento celular. Todas las membranas obtenidas presentaron una estructura de poros tridimensionalmente interconectados y el tratamiento con láser provocó un aumento en la viabilidad y densidad celular. Además, el aumento en la biocompatibilidad de los scaffolds sugiere que los microporos pequeños favorecen la adhesión y proliferación celular. Estos resultados fueron publicados en el artículo titulado “Laser-treated electrospun fibers loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering”. Javier Aragon, Nuria Navascues, Gracia Mendoza, Silvia Irusta. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 525,112–122, 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.022. CAPÍTULO IV, se refiere al desarrollo de un scaffold electrohilado compuesto por fibras con estructura de núcleo-cubierta de PCL o PCL/PVAc cargado con HAn sintética. Estas fibras se decoraron con partículas de PLGA cargadas con proteína morfogenética ósea 2 (BMP2) mediante el uso simultaneo de electrohilado coaxial y electropulverización. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades estructurales y físico-químicas así como el proceso de biodegradación de los nuevos scaffolds desarrollados y su capacidad para abordar las características arquitectónicas, bioquímicas y funcionales del tejido óseo. Para esto, se probó la bioactividad del scaffold mediante el cultivo de osteoblastos humanos sobre ellos y se monitoreo de la viabilidad celular durante 4 semanas. Se evaluó la actividad osteogénica in vitro de las células sembradas sobre los scaffolds determinando la actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y la expresión de osteocalcina (OCN) y osteopontina (OPN) como proteínas osteogénicas. Estos resultados fueron publicados en el artículo titulado “Polymeric electrospun scaffolds for bone morphogenetic protein 2 delivery in bone tissue engineering”. Javier Aragón, Simona Salerno, Loredana De Bartolo, Silvia Irusta and Gracia Mendoza. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 531 (2018) 126–137. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.029. El CAPÍTULO V, describe la síntesis de un apósito antimicrobiano para heridas, con una resistencia mecánica adecuada que es capaz de absorber exudados y evitar la deshidratación rápida de una herida. Se prepararon membranas asimétricas de PCL/PVAc cargadas con carvacrol (CRV) mediante el uso simultáneo de electrohilado y electropulverización. Las membranas constan de dos capas; la primera es una capa de PCL electrohilado; la segunda, una lámina de PVAc que estaría en contacto con la piel liberando a su vez el compuesto antimicrobiano. Se demostró que el uso de diferentes disolventes pueden dar lugar a la obtención de diferentes morfologías de la capa PVAc-CRV. Los valores obtenidos de elongación máxima de las membranas antes de romperse son adecuados para ser utilizados como apósitos para heridas ya que están en el mismo rango reportado de elongaciones en la piel humana. Las membranas presentan una tasa óptima de Transmisión de vapor de agua (WVTR) con valores que se encuentran en el rango requerido para mantener un buen balance entre humedad y pérdida de agua en la herida. En la primera semana, se liberó más del 60 % del CRV cargado, mientras que después de tres semanas, las membranas liberaron entre el 85 y el 100 % del CRV cargado mediante la contribución de un proceso de difusión de tipo Fickiano y la relajación delas cadenas poliméricas. Las membranas sintetizadas son candidatas potenciales para ser utilizadas como apósitos para heridas. El manuscrito que resume estos resultados se envió a la revista “Materials Science and Engineering C” y está bajo revisión (MSEC_2018_3013). CAPÍTULO VI, resume las conclusiones generales del trabajo de tesis. APÉNDICE 1, describe las principales técnicas de caracterización y los métodos para evaluar diferentes propiedades en función de las posibles aplicaciones. APÉNDICE 2, resume los artículos publicados y la participación en foros científicos durante el período de tesis. 1The current Doctoral Thesis work has been performed under a co-supervision agreement between University of Zaragoza (Home University), University of Calabria (Host University) and Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT NOVA) (Host University). This research has been carried out inside the Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering program (EUDIME), (FPA 2011-0014), funded by the European Union. This thesis focused mainly on the use of the electrospinning technique to produce different kind of membranes for biomedical applications. In particular, it described the synthesis and production of inorganic and organic nanoparticles to be used as fillers or as carriers (drug delivery system) as well as the production of electrospun nanofibrous membranes. This work was carried out within the Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), specifically in the Nanostructured Films and Particles (NFP) group under the supervision of the Professor Silvia Irusta and Dr Gracia Mendoza. Also an important part of the physico-chemical characterization was done at INA.The study of different biological signals and the use of specific techniques for membrane characterization were acquired at the University of Calabria under the supervision of Dr. Loredana De Bartolo in the Institute on Membrane Technology of the National Research Council of Italy (ITM-CNR). On the other hand, the mobility carried out at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT NOVA) of Universidade NOVA (FCT NOVA) under the supervision of Professor Ana Isabel Aguiar-Ricardo, allowed a total characterization of two asymmetric membranes following different International Standards to accomplish testing for primary wound dressing.The development of novel membranes loaded with morphogenetic proteins or antibiotic are of great interest in the field of bone tissue engineering. To promote the cellular viability and extracellular matrix production, electrospun membranes with enhanced porosity and micro-scale pores could be beneficial since increased porosity and pore size can provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment that not only facilitates cell seeding/diffusion but also provides better diffusion of nutrients and waste throughout the membranes. The addition of calcium phosphate ceramics has been extensively investigated to fabricate highly porous membranes to bone tissue engineering due to their close similar composition of bone, including excellent biocompatibility, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. A homogeneous distribution of the bone morphogenetic protein-loaded particles along the entire membrane could be ensuring a continuous release of the growth factor to provide the necessary biochemical cues for bone repair and regeneration.Antibiotic-loaded membranes may provide drug targeted and sustained release, avoiding the long-term oral and intravenous systematic multidrug administration, which implies toxic side effects, low delivery to the target site and low patient adherence to the treatment. Therefore, membranes loaded with antibiotics can overcome the drawbacks of the traditional therapy sustaining enhanced osteogenic properties for the successful regeneration of the bone. Another interesting biomedical application of electrospun membranes is the fabrication of efficient smart dressings for the treatment of wounds. A rapid wound healing requires developing appropriate membranes with interconnected pores that allow the oxygen diffusion and transport of metabolic waste, as well as an adequate pore size to prevent rapid dehydration and bacteria penetration. A high absorption capacity and adequate water vapor transmission will be necessary to keep a moist environment in the wound bed. Besides, if the electrospun membrane has some bactericidal properties will be better for the healing process.The main goal of this thesis was the development of fibrous membranes by electrospinning with the appropriate characteristics to be used in bone tissue engineering or as wound dressing materials. To achieve this target, several specific objectives were defined, which are described in Chapters II to V.The thesis was divided in the following sections: CHAPTER I, is an introduction where the concepts of biomaterials, scaffolds and tissue engineering and the main target of drug delivery systems are described. The chapter includes the classification of biomaterials according to the origin of the materials and tissue engineering is also described as well as all the factors that must be taken into account to develop and properly apply a wound dressing are discussed. Different kind of techniques used in the literature to produce scaffolds or membranes for bone tissue engineering and wound dressings are mentioned, focusing on the use of electrospinning and electrospray to produce them. CHAPTER II, focuses on the development of enhanced 3D membranes able to promote efficient bone regeneration together with targeted antibiotic release to prevent bacteria colonization. The aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize a drug delivery system consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers decorated with rifampicin (RFP) loaded into poly(lactic-coglicolic acid) (PLGA) particles. This material would promote bone repair avoiding the impairment of the membrane mediated by infection. The bactericidal ability of the synthesized electrospun material was assessed In vitro against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, as well as its cytocompatibility in human osteoblasts 3D cultures. These results are included in the accepted article entitled “Composite scaffold obtained by electro-hydrodynamic technique for infection prevention and treatment in bone repair”. Javier Aragon, Sergio Feoli, Gracia Mendoza, Silvia Irusta. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. CHAPTER III, describes the synthesis and characterization of core-shell membranes of PCL and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) obtained by electrospinning. The fibers were loaded with synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAn) to increase the bioactivity of the materials. The prepared membranes were then treated by laser ablation to create desired microscale topographical features in order to favor cell adhesion and growth. All prepared membranes exhibited a three-dimensional network structure with interconnected pores; the laser treatment has modified the structural characteristics of the membrane causing an increase the cell viability and cell density. The materials biocompatibility is affected by the structural properties of the membranes, indeed smaller micropore sizes favor cell adhesion and proliferation. These results are published in the article entitled “Laser-treated electrospun fibers loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering”. Javier Aragon, Nuria Navascues, Gracia Mendoza, Silvia Irusta. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 525,112–122, 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.022. CHAPTER IV, refers to the development of a composite electrospun membrane of PCL or PCL/PVAc core–shell fibers loaded with synthetic HAn. These fibers were decorated with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) loaded in/into PLGA particles via simultaneous electrospraying and coaxial electrospinning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural and physico-chemical properties and biodegradation processes of the newly developed membranes assessing their ability to address the architectural, biochemical, and functional features of bone tissue. For this purpose, the membrane bioactivity was tested by culturing human osteoblasts on the membranes and by monitoring cell viability up to 4 weeks. The In vitro osteogenic activity of cells seeded onto the membranes was evaluated by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteogenic proteins osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). These results are published in the article “Polymeric electrospun scaffolds for bone morphogenetic protein 2 delivery in bone tissue engineering”. Javier Aragón, Simona Salerno, Loredana De Bartolo, Silvia Irusta and Gracia Mendoza. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 531 (2018) 126–137. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.029. CHAPTER V, describes the synthesis of an antimicrobial wound dressing material, with appropriate mechanical resistance avoiding rapid dehydration and absorbing exudates. PCL/PVAc asymmetric membranes loaded with carvacrol (CRV) were prepared by electrospinning and electrospraying simultaneously. The membranes consist of two layers: the first is an electrospun PCL sheet, the second a PVAc sheet that would be in contact with the skin releasing the antimicrobial compound. The use of different solvents results in different morphologies for the PVAc-CRV layer. The membranes exhibit mechanical properties with strain to failure values that are in the range of human skin, being adequate to be deposited over a wound surface. The samples present Water Vapor Transmission (WVTR) values in the required range to keep good moisture balance with water loss from the wound at the optimal rate. In the first week, more than 60 % of the loaded CRV was released while after three weeks membranes released between 85 to 100 % of the loaded CRV through a Fickian diffusion and diffusion due to polymer relaxation. The synthesized membranes are potential candidates to be used for wound dressing applications. The manuscript summing up these results has been submitted to a scientific journal and is currently under review. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS, summarizes the conclusions of the thesis work. APPENDIX 1, describes the main characterization techniques and the methods to evaluate different properties according to the possible applications. APPENDIX 2, summarizes the articles published and the participation in scientific forums during the thesis period.<br /

Qualidade do ambiente “Indoor” de serviços de diagnóstico por imagens em hospitais: exposição à baixas doses de radiação

Estimates of radiation risks at low doses and low dose rates are important, for example for populations living in contaminated areas after nuclear accidents or in high natural background radiation areas, or for radiation protection of individuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation This work aimed to study the indoor environment regarding on Radiological Safety and on microbiological contamination due airborne fungi, by monitoring the potential mutagenic effects caused by possible low doses of radiation exposure. As a bioindicator of mutagenicity it was chosen the micronuclei production by Tradescantia pallida, one of the most sensitive organisms for the detection of mutagens in the air; the fungi contamination research was performed by spontaneous deposition in plate. We monitored five Hospitals image services in the Sorocaba city, state of São Paulo, Brazil, two of them are public services and the other three, are private ones. The results pointed mutagenic activity in the images rooms in the two public hospitals, but not in the three private image services.  It was found spores, mainly of the genres Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Fusarium, in all rooms, indicating risk of opportunistic infections, especially related to the presence of Penicilium sp and Fusarium sp genres.  The T. pallida bioassay represents a adjuvant tool in monitoring these indoor environments and showed that there is a mutagenic activity, despite being controlled environments. Therefore, even in these controlled environments the risks related to exposure to radiation are still imponderable. Keyword: Ionizing radiation. Tradescantia pallida. Mutagenesis. Anemophilus fungi.Estimativas de riscos de radiação em baixas doses e baixas taxas de dose são importantes, por exemplo, para populações que vivem em áreas contaminadas após acidentes nucleares ou em áreas de alta radiação natural de fundo, ou para proteção de radiação de indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos à radiação ionizante. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o ambiente interno no que diz respeito à Segurança Radiológica e à contaminação microbiológica por fungos aerotransportados, monitorando os potenciais efeitos mutagênicos causados por possíveis baixas doses de exposição à radiação. Como bioindicador de mutagenicidade, escolheu-se a produção de micronúcleos por Tradescantia pallida, um dos organismos mais sensíveis para a detecção de mutagênicos no ar; a pesquisa de contaminação por fungos foi realizada por deposição espontânea em placa. Foram monitorados cinco serviços de imagem de Hospitais da cidade de Sorocaba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, dois deles públicos e os outros três privados. Os resultados apontaram atividade mutagênica nas salas de imagens dos dois hospitais públicos, mas não nos três serviços privados de imagens. Foram encontrados esporos, principalmente dos gêneros Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium e Fusarium, em todas as salas, indicando risco de infecções oportunistas, principalmente relacionadas à presença dos gêneros Penicilium sp e Fusarium sp. O bioensaio de T. pallida representa uma ferramenta coadjuvante no monitoramento desses ambientes internos e mostrou que existe atividade mutagênica, apesar de serem ambientes controlados. Portanto, mesmo nesses ambientes controlados os riscos relacionados à exposição à radiação ainda são imponderáveis. Palavras-chave: Radiação ionizante. Tradescantia pallida. Mutagênese. Fungos Anemófilos

Factors involved in the refusal to donate bone tissue

Objective:To determine the main variables involved in the refusal to donate bone tissue among relatives of organ donors, and the prevalence of bone tissue donation. Methods:This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study. Variables related to donation requests for bone tissue were studied, comprising information about the bones that would be procured, the reconstruction of the body, the reasons that led to the refusal to donate bone tissue, prior knowledge about donation, and intention to become a donor. Results:We demonstrated three factors that influenced the refusal of family members, including: lack of understanding of which bones would be removed (92.9%), how the body would be reconstructed after bone removal (96.5%), and how the body would be presented after bone procurement. The prevalence of bone tissue donation was 17.2%. Conclusion:The family decision to refuse to donate bone tissue was represented by the lack of comprehension of the subject. The low prevalence was due to the reduced request of this type of donation.Objetivo:Determinar as principais variáveis envolvidas na negativa da doação de tecido ósseo em familiares doadores de órgãos e a prevalência da doação desse tecido. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo. Foram estudadas variáveis referentes à solicitação da doação do tecido ósseo, compreendendo informações a respeito dos ossos que seriam captados, a reconstituição do corpo, os motivos que levaram à negativa da doação desse tecido, conhecimentos anteriores sobre doação e intencionalidade em ser doador. Resultados:Evidenciamos três fatores que influenciaram a negativa pelos familiares incluindo o desconhecimento sobre quais ossos seriam retirados (92,9%), como ocorreria a reconstituição destas estruturas (96,5%) e como se apresentaria o corpo após a captação. A prevalência de doadores de tecido ósseo foi de 17,2%. Conclusão:A decisão familiar de recusar a doação do tecido ósseo foi representada pelo desconhecimento do tema. A baixa prevalência foi devido à reduzida solicitação deste tipo de doação.Universidade de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de EnfermagemUniversidade de São Paulo Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão PretoUNIFESP, EPESciEL

Um estudo sobre funções docentes nas universidades privadas brasileiras e indicadores de qualidade

The article’s purpose is to analyze the teaching/institutional profile of professors of Brazilian private universities on the basis of the indicators provided by Brazilian government agencies (INEP/MEC). It discusses the related issue of the quality of higher education as proposed by the existing literature (Bertolin, 2007; Davok, 2007; Giolo, 2006). It is a result of a Master’s dissertation developed in accordance with the Education Observatory Project. The approach used to conduct the study was quanti-/qualitative, as the use of this methodology at different stages indicates the possibility of developing different strategies for data analysis, either based on principles of documental analysis or on statistical procedures. As the indicators of the teaching roles are restricted to the labor regime, level of education and gender, they omit the other constitutive elements of the definition of teaching roles provided by INEP. Therefore, the indicators presented in the database offer a partial contribution to the evaluation of the quality of the work done by professors. The authors conclude that these indicators have gaps in the understanding of what is valid in terms of the evaluation of higher education interpreted from a qualitative point of view. Key words: higher education, quality indicators, teaching roles.Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como propósito analisar o perfil institucional/docente de professores do ensino superior em universidades privadas brasileiras, a partir dos indicadores de função docente disponibilizados pelo INEP/MEC. O foco do estudo consiste em estabelecer relações com a questão da qualidade da educação superior proposta pela bibliografia existente (Bertolin, 2007; Davok, 2007; Giolo, 2006). A abordagem metodológica utilizada para a realização do estudo foi quanti/qualitativa, considerando que a utilização dessa metodologia em diferentes etapas do estudo indica a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de diferentes estratégias para a análise dos dados, sejam elas assentadas em princípios de análise documental, seja em procedimentos estatísticos. A investigação concluiu que os indicadores de função docente, ao se restringirem apenas ao regime de trabalho, ao grau de formação e ao sexo desconsideram os demais elementos constitutivos da própria definição de funções docentes apresentada pelo INEP. Portanto, os indicadores apresentados na base de dados fornecem uma contribuição que é parcial para a avaliação da qualidade do trabalho do professor. Desse modo, constata-se que esses indicadores, quando interpretados sob a óptica qualitativa, deixam lacunas na compreensão sobre o que é válido em termos de avaliação da educação superior. Palavras-chave: ensino superior, indicadores de qualidade, funções docentes

Variations in atherosclerosis and remodeling patterns in aorta and carotids

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that causes vascular remodeling that can be positive or negative. The evolution of arterial wall thickening and changes in lumen size under current "standard of care" in different arterial beds is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine arterial remodeling and progression/regression of atherosclerosis in aorta and carotid arteries of individuals at risk for atherosclerosis normalized over a 1-year period. In this study, 28 patients underwent at least 2 black-blood in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scans of aorta and carotids over a one-year period (Mean 17.8 ± 7.5 months). Clinical risk profiles for atherosclerosis and medications were documented and patients were followed by their referring physicians under current "standard of care" guidelines. Carotid and aortic wall lumen areas were matched across the time-points from cross-sectional images. The wall area increased by 8.67%, 10.64%, and 13.24% per year (carotid artery, thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta respectively, p < 0.001). The lumen area of the abdominal aorta increased by 4.97% per year (p = 0.002), but the carotid artery and thoracic aorta lumen areas did not change significantly. The use of statin therapy did not change the rate of increase of wall area of carotid artery, thoracic and abdominal aorta, but decreased the rate of change of lumen area of carotid artery (-3.08 ± 11.34 vs. 0.19 ± 12.91 p < 0.05). Results of this study of multiple vascular beds indicated that different vascular locations exhibited varying progression of atherosclerosis and remodeling as monitored by CMR