Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory and Potential Anticancer Capacity of Polysaccharides (Glucans) from Euglena gracilis G.A. Klebs

The present study was carried out to determine the bioactivity of polysaccharides extracted from Euglena gracilis (EgPs). These were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS. Cytotoxicity analyses (MTT) were performed on healthy human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1), obtaining an IC50 of 228.66 µg mL−1, and cell lines with anticancer activity for colon cancer (HCT-116), breast cancer (MCF-7), human leukemia (U-937, HL-60) and lung cancer (NCl-H460), showing that EgPs have anticancer activity, mainly in HTC-116 cells (IC50 = 26.1 µg mL−1). The immunological assay determined the immunomodulatory capacity of polysaccharides for the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and TNF-α in human monocytes (THP-1). It was observed that the EgPs had a stimulating capacity in the synthesis of these interleukins. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides and their biomass were analyzed using the ABTS method (18.30 ± 0.14% and (5.40 ± 0.56%, respectively, and the DPPH method for biomass (17.79 ± 0.57%). We quantitatively profiled HGF-1 proteins by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, coupled with 2-plex tandem mass tag labelling, in normal cells. In total, 1346 proteins were identified and quantified with high confidence, of which five were considered to be overexpressed. The data is available through ProteomeXchange, under identifier PXD029076.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Topical Treatment With Bromfenac Reduces Retinal Gliosis and Inflammation After Optic Nerve Crush.

Purpose To study the effect of topical administration of bromfenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on retinal gliosis and levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) after complete optic nerve crush (ONC). Methods Adult albino rats were divided into the following groups (n = 8 retinas/group): (1) intact, (2) intact and bromfenac treatment (twice a day during 7 days), (3) ONC (7 days), and (4) ONC (7 days) + bromfenac treatment (twice a day during 7 days). Animals from groups 3 and 4 were imaged in vivo with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) before the procedure and 15 minutes, 3, 5, or 7 days later. Retinas from all groups were analyzed by immunodetection, Western blotting, or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Results Quantification of Brn3a (brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A) +RGCs (retinal ganglion cells) in cross sections showed that bromfenac treatment does not accelerate ONC-induced degeneration. Cellular retinaldehyde binding protein 1 regulation indicated that bromfenac improves retinal homeostasis in injured retinas. Spectral-domain OCT showed that the thickness of the retina and the retinal nerve fiber layer at 7 days post ONC was significantly reduced in bromfenac-treated animals when compared to untreated animals. In agreement with these data, hypertrophy of astrocytes and Muller cells and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin were greatly diminished by bromfenac treatment. While no changes in cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme COX1 and COX2 expression were observed, there was a significant increase of PGE2 after ONC that was controlled by bromfenac treatment. Conclusions Topical administration of bromfenac is an efficient and noninvasive treatment to control the retinal gliosis and release of proinflammatory mediators that follow a massive insult to the RGC population

Educar para los nuevos Medios. Claves para el desarrollo de la competencia mediática en el entorno digital

Educar es una de las labores más complejas, intensas y, a la vez, más maravillosas que puede acometer una persona. Ser docente es una tarea ilusionante. En un mundo en el que la información es cada vez más importante por la rapidez con que se produce y consume, la variedad de recursos con que se difunde constituye un reto en el papel de los educadores y educadoras. La educación para la comunicación, a través de los nuevos medios, requiere de habilidades y estrategias específicas e implica prácticas innovadoras. Este texto ofrece claves para desarrollar la competencia mediática necesaria para entender, usar y comunicar en el entorno digital. Desde el concepto de competencia mediática y la escuela prosumidora se muestran experiencias y planteamientos en distintos niveles educativos y contextos curriculares que ofrecen pistas para educar a la ciudadanía. Esta alfabetización aúna la perspectiva de la experiencia de docente receptor y consumidor, atendiendo a la recepción crítica de la información, la selección y administración de la misma, el reconocimiento de valores e ideologías y la gestión emocional, junto a la elaboración y creación de contenidos

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Caso clínico: terapia ocupacional en accidente cerebrovascular en paciente crónico

The occupational therapy in neurology and specifically in brain injury incidents, it is a discipline that deals with the sensitive sensorial, social and emotional motor disorders of people through the therapeutic way of occupation. The clinic utility of the occupational therapy is tied to reach the greatest degree of personal autonomy and to improve with this their quality of life giving back to the user an active, participative and satisfactory role in their occupational achievement. In patients with neurologic disorders in chronic phase, the treatment is based on a re-education of ordinary life and on a readjustment of work, social and family life, using different ways to carry out this process of adaptation to the new life and situation.La terapia ocupacional en neurología y concretamente en accidente cerebrovascular, es una disciplina que aborda las alteraciones motoras, sensitivo-sensoriales, sociales y emocionales de la persona a través del camino terapéutico de la ocupación. La utilidad clínica de terapia ocupacional va ligada a alcanzar el mayor grado de autonomía personal de la persona y con ello a mejorar su calidad de vida devolviendo al usuario un rol activo, participativo y satisfactorio en sus áreas de desempeño ocupacional. En pacientes con alteraciones neurológicas en fase crónica, el tratamiento se basa en una reeducación de las actividades de la vida diaria y una readaptación de su vida laboral, social y familiar, utilizando diferentes técnicas para llevar a cabo este proceso de adaptación a su nueva vida y situación

Enfoque metodológico para incorporar conocimiento de dominio a sistemas de diálogo intencionales

Este artículo presenta una metodología que permite desarrollar sistemas de diálogo intencionales (Grosz y Sidner, 86), en particular aquellos que implementan el Modelo de Hilos (Calle et al., 06), reutilizando parte del conocimiento y los mecanismos de razonamiento de otros sistemas de diálogo ya implementados previamente, reduciendo así costes y tiempo de desarrollo de dichos sistemas

Advances in Understanding the Role of NRF2 in Liver Pathophysiology and Its Relationship with Hepatic-Specific Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression

Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiological changes of liver diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that positively regulates the basal and inducible expression of a large battery of cytoprotective genes, thus playing a key role in protecting against oxidative damage. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Its expression has always been associated with the induction of inflammation, but we have shown that, in addition to possessing other benefits, the constitutive expression of COX-2 in hepatocytes is beneficial in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple liver diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of NRF2 as a main agent in the resolution of oxidative stress, the crucial role of NRF2 signaling pathways during the development of chronic liver diseases, and, finally we related its action to that of COX-2, where it appears to operate as its partner in providing a hepatoprotective effect

Cuadernos de pedagogía

Resumen basado en el que aporta la revistaSe analizan los déficit de aprendizaje que presenta el alumnado de un centro educativo, como la falta de cultura básica, de interés y de apoyo, e intenta encontrar soluciones a cada uno de ellos. Se describe la experiencia de una serie de profesores que pusieron en marcha un proyecto para hacer frente a estos problemas. Los cuadernos de área, la confección de una revista y las dobles tutorías se convierten en instrumentos de una nueva dinámica de trabajo..CataluñaES

Una didáctica de imágenes para tercero de ESO

El proyecto surge del análisis crítico de cuatro profesores que quieren potenciar su formación en el trabajo en equipo y mejorar los hábitos de trabajo de los alumnos. Los objetivos son fomentar la adquisición de actitudes de convivencia y participación del alumnado que aumente la motivación hacia el estudio; desarrollar las habilidades intelectuales y los procedimientos de trabajo válidos para el aprendizaje de conocimientos de las áreas de Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Sociales, Lengua y Matemáticas; incidir en la mejora de la profesionalización docente teniendo en cuenta la formación dentro de las propias áreas, la formación en el conocimiento didáctico y psicológico. La metodología se basa en la reflexión sobre la práctica y la investigación-acción. Se combina el trabajo individual con puesta en común, diseño conjunto de actuaciones y desarrollo de actividades, con el análisis de efectos. Se elaboran bases de datos y banco de recursos gráficos y documentales que recojan las transparencias, mapas conceptuales y de más materiales elaborados. Se destaca la confección, por parte del alumno, de una revista de aula que recoge los trabajos realizados. La evaluación se incorpora al análisis de situaciones, valoración de estrategias, utilización del video, transparencias, ordenador, y materiales diseñados. Para ello se utiliza los informes y se cuenta con la asesora del CPR.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

Role of COX-2 in liver mitochondrial function: preliminary results

Trabajo presentado a las Jornadas de Presentación de Resultados del Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, realizadas en el Salon de Actos del propio centro los dias 17 y 18 de diciembre de 2018.Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in liver resection and liver transplantation. Recently, we have showed that constitutive expression of COX-2 specifically in the hepatocyte protects against IRI in part by reducing hepatic recruitment and infiltration of neutrophils, with a concomitant decrease in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, hCOX-2-Tg mice showed a significant attenuation of the IRI-induced increase in oxidative stress and hepatic apoptosis, an increase in autophagic flux and a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress than the observed in Wt mice (Motiño et al. 2018). Prolonged organ ischemia reduces tissue oxygenation resulting in tissue ATP depletion with a transition to activation of anaerobic metabolic pathways, which cannot maintain cellular function ultimately leading to cell death. Restoration of blood flow is necessary to restore cellular function, but paradoxically reperfusion can initiate a cascade of pathways that cause further cellular injury after prolonged ischemia. Upon reentry of oxygen, uncoupled dysfunctional mitochondria produce large amounts of oxygen-free radicals, intense oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition leading to cell death. Different results have been published related to COX-2 and mitochondrial function. It has been described that NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors have significant effects on cellular energy metabolism. However, flurbiprofen and meloxican, COX-2 inhibitors, protects mice from hepatic IRI by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition and by attenuating the release of TNF-α. In this work, we present our preliminary data analyzing the mitochondrial function in our transgenic models after IRI. We carried out high-resolution respirometry experiments in the Oroboros O2k instrument, mitochondrial biogenesis, and relative level of mitochondrial complexes by real time PCR and western blot. Our preliminary results show that the COX-2 expression induces an increase in beta oxidation.Peer Reviewe