Prevalencia de Trypanosoma vivax en bovinos de Villavicencio por pruebas parasitológicas directas y por inmunofluorescencia indirecta.

Para determinar la prevalencia de tripanosomiasis bovina en Villavicencio, Colombia, empleando la técnica indirecta de anticuerpos fluorescentes, a manera de comparación se utilizaron los métodos parasitológicos directos. Se examinaron 500 bovinos mayores de un año en 50 fincas escogidas al azar. Se encontraron 47 reactores positivos o una prevalencia real entre 6.8 y 9.4 por ciento, utilizando la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. No se encontraron animales positivos al emplear los métodos parasitológicos directos (preparación en fresco, frotis delgado, gota gruesa, centrifugación en tubo capilar o técnica de Woo). Lo anterior indica la ausencia de correlación entre los procedimientos utilizados. Se comprueba que los métodos parasitológicos directos son solo de ayuda en los casos que cursan con parasitemias detectables. Se puede afirmar que el Tripanosoma vivax es endémico en esta región tropical de Colombia, destacándose la importancia de la tripanosomiasis como enfermedad inmunodepresora y los posibles efectos que puede tener sobre los programas de vacunación que se realicen en los bovinos de esta zona. Los reactores positivos pueden ser reservorios potenciales de tripanosomas, los cuales podrían transmitirse dada la presencia de algunos insectos vectoresGanado de leche-Ganadería lech

Massive deworming, nutritional status and learning capacity in school children in a rural community

one hundred and ninety eight children of a rural village school were studied for parasitological variables, nutritional status (anthropometric variables and blood parameters) and assessment of their learning capacity. the study was designed as a baseline study and included both massive anthelminthic treatment and follow-up of the reinfection process. the initial prevalence of infection by soil helminths was: ascaris lumbricoides 36,4 %, trichuris trichiura 34.8%, hookworm 18,2 % and strongyloides stercoralis 4,5 %. 53,1 % of children were under risk of malnutrition and the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were below normal in 83 % and 55 % respectively. an important deficit in all the learning capacity tests was observed. some relationship was found between these results and infection by parasites.Se estudiaron 198 niños de 5 a 15 años de una comunidad escolar rural en variables parasitológicas, estado nutricional (antropometría y parámetros en sangre) y evaluación de la capacidad de aprendizaje. El estudio se diseño como línea de base e incluyó tratamiento masivo y seguimiento al proceso de reinfección. La prevalencia inicial de helmintos fue: Ascaris lumbricoides 36,4 %, Trichuris trichiura 34,8 %, Uncinaria 18,2 % y Strongyloides stercoralis 4,5 %. El 53,1 % de los niños estaban en riesgo de desnutrición y los valores del hematocrito y de la hemoglobina estaban por debajo de lo normal en el 83 y 55 % respectivamente. Así mismo, se detectó un importante déficit en todas las pruebas de capacidad de aprendizaje. Se encontraron algunas relaciones entre los resultados anteriores y la presencia de parásitos

Massive deworming, nutritional status and learning capacity in school children in a rural community

one hundred and ninety eight children of a rural village school were studied for parasitological variables, nutritional status (anthropometric variables and blood parameters) and assessment of their learning capacity. the study was designed as a baseline study and included both massive anthelminthic treatment and follow-up of the reinfection process. the initial prevalence of infection by soil helminths was: ascaris lumbricoides 36,4 %, trichuris trichiura 34.8%, hookworm 18,2 % and strongyloides stercoralis 4,5 %. 53,1 % of children were under risk of malnutrition and the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were below normal in 83 % and 55 % respectively. an important deficit in all the learning capacity tests was observed. some relationship was found between these results and infection by parasites.Se estudiaron 198 niños de 5 a 15 años de una comunidad escolar rural en variables parasitológicas, estado nutricional (antropometría y parámetros en sangre) y evaluación de la capacidad de aprendizaje. El estudio se diseño como línea de base e incluyó tratamiento masivo y seguimiento al proceso de reinfección. La prevalencia inicial de helmintos fue: Ascaris lumbricoides 36,4 %, Trichuris trichiura 34,8 %, Uncinaria 18,2 % y Strongyloides stercoralis 4,5 %. El 53,1 % de los niños estaban en riesgo de desnutrición y los valores del hematocrito y de la hemoglobina estaban por debajo de lo normal en el 83 y 55 % respectivamente. Así mismo, se detectó un importante déficit en todas las pruebas de capacidad de aprendizaje. Se encontraron algunas relaciones entre los resultados anteriores y la presencia de parásitos

Productivity trends and collaboration patterns: A diachronic study in the eating disorders field

[EN] Objective The present study seeks to extend previous bibliometric studies on eating disorders (EDs) by including a time-dependent analysis of the growth and evolution of multi-author collaborations and their correlation with ED publication trends from 1980 to 2014 (35 years). Methods Using standardized practices, we searched Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection (WoSCC) (indexes: Science Citation Index-Expanded [SCIE], & Social Science Citation Index [SSCI]) and Scopus (areas: Health Sciences, Life Sciences, & Social Sciences and Humanities) to identify a large sample of articles related to EDs. We then submitted our sample of articles to bibliometric and graph theory analyses to identify co-authorship and social network patterns. Results We present a large number of detailed findings, including a clear pattern of scientific growth measured as number of publications per five-year period or quinquennium (Q), a tremendous increase in the number of authors attracted by the ED subject, and a very high and steady growth in collaborative work. Conclusions We inferred that the noted publication growth was likely driven by the noted increase in the number of new authors per Q. Social network analyses suggested that collaborations within ED follow patters of interaction that are similar to well established and recognized disciplines, as indicated by the presence of a ¿giant cluster¿, high cluster density, and the replication of the ¿small world¿ phenomenon¿the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances.This work was performed with a subsidy from Universidad Catolica de Valencia "San Vicente Martir" to resarch group INDOTEI: Evaluacion de la Ciencia, for the years 2016-2017. This work is benefited from Spanish Government assistance through Government Delegation for the National Drugs Plan of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality (project 2016/028); and National R+D+I (projects: CS02012-39632-C02-01 and CS02015-65594-C2-2-R) and 2015-Networks of Excellence Call (project CS02015-71867-REDT) of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Valderrama Zurian, JC.; Aguilar-Moya, R.; Cepeda-Benito, A.; Melero-Fuentes, D.; Navarro-Moreno, MÁ.; Gandía-Balaguer, A.; Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2017). Productivity trends and collaboration patterns: A diachronic study in the eating disorders field. PLoS ONE. 12(8):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182760S117128McClelland, J., Bozhilova, N., Campbell, I., & Schmidt, U. (2013). A Systematic Review of the Effects of Neuromodulation on Eating and Body Weight: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies. 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Abdominal obesity and low physical activity are associated with insulin resistance in overweight adolescents: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT: Background: Previous studies have assessed the metabolic changes and lifestyles associated with overweight adolescents. However, these associations are unclear amongst overweight adolescents who have already developed insulin resistance. This study assessed the associations between insulin resistance and anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory, food consumption, and physical activity variables amongst overweight adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study divided adolescents (n = 120) between 10 and 18 years old into 3 groups: an overweight group with insulin resistance (O + IR), an overweight group without insulin resistance (O-IR), and a normal-weight control group (NW). Adolescents were matched across groups based on age, sex, pubertal maturation, and socioeconomic strata. Anthropometric, biochemical, physical activity, and food consumption variables were assessed. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA Calculator Version 2.2.2 from ©Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford), and overweight status was assessed using body mass index according to World Health Organization (2007) references. A chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for continuous variables. Multiple linear regression models were used to calculate the probability of the occurrence of insulin resistance based on the independent variables. Results: The risk of insulin resistance amongst overweight adolescents increases significantly when they reach a waist circumference > p95 (OR = 1.9, CIs = 1.3-2.7, p = 0.013) and watch 3 or more hours/day of television (OR = 1.7, CIs = 0.98-2.8, p = 0.033). Overweight status and insulin resistance were associated with higher levels of inflammation (hsCRP ≥1 mg/L) and cardiovascular risk according to arterial indices. With each cm increase in waist circumference, the HOMA index increased by 0.082; with each metabolic equivalent (MET) unit increase in physical activity, the HOMA index decreased by 0.026. Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour and a waist circumference > p90 amongst overweight adolescents were associated with insulin resistance, lipid profile alterations, and higher inflammatory states. A screening that includes body mass index, in waist circumference, and physical activity evaluations of adolescents might enable the early detection of these alterations

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática: descripción de 2 años en la Unidad de Paciente Crítico del Instituto de Neurocirugía – Dr. Alfonso Asenjo

Backgrond: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage has an incidence of 7 per 100,000 patients / year and only a third of patients end up without severe sequelae or death. Arm: We reviewed the clinical records of patients with diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage during two years of the neurosurgery institute Dr. Alfonso Asenjo (Chile). Material and Methods: An observational, retrospective study including 231 patients with a diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 33 (12.5%) were excluded per stay less than 72 hours or not admitted to the unit, corresponding to bleeding from other causes or not found Information, the database was reviewed during January 2015 to December 2016 of the statistical department of the Institute of Neurosurgery. Results: A total of 231 patients, 165 (71%) women and 66 (29%) men, were analyzed. It was found that hypertension with 120 (51.9%) and smoking with 89 (38.5%) cases were the most frequent risk factors. Endovascular treatment was performed on 100 patients (43%) and 128 (57%) were operated and 3 were not operated. Vasospasm was present in 130 cases (56.3%). Mortality was present in 15 patients died, so the mortality was 6.5%. Conclusions: There was no statistical significance between the type of therapy resolution pathway (endovascular/surgical) with P = 0.6530 with a a 0.05, but because there was a limited access to endovascular therapy at the neurosurgery institute at daytime hours from Monday to Friday versus the neurosurgical availability 24x7, being discordant with the statistical results of equal amount of treatment between the two pathways