The assessment of reflective competence in critical reading from the socio-formative approach

The absence of educational tools by teachers to assess reflective competence in critical reading comprehensively in primary school students is a fundamental piece in order to determine their achievements, opportunities and difficulties. Therefore, the design of an evaluation instrument under a socioformative approach makes it possible to fully assess the development of this competence in each of its indicators and levels of mastery, in such a way that they respond to the international requirements of competence formation. To achieve this purpose, a documentary analysis was made, contrasted with the experience regarding the evaluative practice of critical reading in the Spanish language area, obtaining as a product the design of a rubric that meets the criteria of the socioformative approach, by allowing feedback, systematization and evaluation of the teaching processes in the development of reading competences

The contracting regime of state social enterprises E.S.E in Colombia and its impact on the provision of health services

La presente investigación jurídica gira en torno a analizar el régimen de contratación de las Empresas Sociales del Estado E.S.E en Colombia y su incidencia en la prestación del servicio de salud, situación que se pretende lograr con la descripción de los factores necesarios para la prestación del servicio de salud por estas entidades, revisar la discrecionalidad de que están dotadas, a nivel contractual, las E.S.E., señalar la normatividad imperante en dicho régimen de contratación, determinar la razón de ser de dicha previsión normativa, evaluar la posible afectación de principios de función administrativa, así como de contratación estatal. Se ahondará y definirá el papel jurídico que representan los Manuales Internos de Contratación de las E.S.E., bajo la perspectiva habilitante para contratar de la entidad a la que pertenece, así como de su función limitadora de la misma. Para ello se revisarán estudios que sean afines al tema propuesto, libros, doctrina, jurisprudencia y normativa pertinente con el asunto de fondo. De igual forma, se optará por la consulta de plataformas públicas, como el SECOP, a efectos de hacer comparativos entre contratos celebrados por una E.S.E con otros del mismo, con el fin de ilustrar la posible discrecionalidad existente en las E.S.E y demás aspectos de relevancia legal, para ultimar con la propuesta de una eventual solución ante esta situación por medio de un instrumento que permita unificación normativa que de seguridad jurídica.Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro -- Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales -- Maestría en derecho administrativoThe present legal investigation revolves around analyzing the contracting regime of the Social Enterprises of the E.S.E State in Colombia and its incidence in the provision of the health service, a situation that is intended to be achieved with the description of the necessary factors for the provision of the service. of health by these entities, review the discretion that the E.S.E. are endowed with, at a contractual level, indicate the prevailing regulations in said contracting regime, determine the reason for said regulatory provision, evaluate the possible affectation of principles of administrative function , as well as state contracting. The legal role represented by the Internal Contracting Manuals of the E.S.E. will be deepened and defined, from the perspective of enabling the contracting of the entity to which it belongs, as well as its limiting function of the same. For this, studies that are related to the proposed topic, books, doctrine, jurisprudence and regulations relevant to the underlying issue will be reviewed. In the same way, the consultation of public platforms, such as the SECOP, will be chosen for the purpose of making comparisons between contracts entered into by an E.S.E with others of the same, in order to illustrate the possible discretion existing in the E.S.E and other relevant aspects. legal, to finalize with the proposal of a possible solution to this situation by means of an instrument that allows normative unification that of legal certainty

In vitro and in vivo comparison of the anti-staphylococcal efficacy of generic products and the innovator of oxacillin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oxacillin continues to be an important agent in the treatment of staphylococcal infections; many generic products are available and the only requirement for their approval is demonstration of pharmaceutical equivalence. We tested the assumption that pharmaceutical equivalence predicts therapeutic equivalence by comparing 11 generics with the innovator product in terms of concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and antibacterial efficacy in the neutropenic mouse thigh infection model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The API in each product was measured by a validated microbiological assay and compared by slope (potency) and intercept (concentration) analysis of linear regressions. MIC and MBC were determined by broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. For in vivo efficacy, neutropenic ICR mice were inoculated with a clinical strain of <it>Staphylococcus aureus</it>. The animals had 4.14 ± 0.18 log₁₀CFU/thigh when treatment started. Groups of 10 mice per product received a total dose ranging from 2.93 to 750 mg/kg per day administered q1h. Sigmoidal dose-response curves were generated by nonlinear regression fitted to Hill equation to compute maximum effect (E_max), slope (N), and the effective dose reaching 50% of the E_max(ED₅₀). Based on these results, bacteriostatic dose (BD) and dose needed to kill the first log of bacteria (1LKD) were also determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>4 generic products failed pharmaceutical equivalence due to significant differences in potency; however, all products were undistinguishable from the innovator in terms of MIC and MBC. Independently of their status with respect to pharmaceutical equivalence or in vitro activity, all generics failed therapeutic equivalence in vivo, displaying significantly lower E_maxand requiring greater BD and 1LKD, or fitting to a non-sigmoidal model.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Pharmaceutical or in vitro equivalence did not entail therapeutic equivalence for oxacillin generic products, indicating that criteria for approval deserve review to include evaluation of in vivo efficacy.</p

Virus respiratorios y características epidemiológicas de pacientes con infección respiratoria

Background: Worldwide, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the principal causes of medical consultation. It is related to a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially among people at extreme ages of life. Objective: To Identify the respiratory viruses associated with acute respiratory infection in children and adults, at ESE SAN RAFAEL DE YOLOMBO, between October 2021 and April 2022. Methos: Following the national recommendations of the Ministry of Health, an ARI surveillance program was implemented. A cross-sectional study was developed under an analysis of a secondary source of information. A total of 212 cases were studied, all of which met the criteria ARI.  A descriptive analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample was performed. Results: The global percentage of positivity for viral isolation was 15.7%. The highest positivity (19.2%) was recorded among children from zero to 4 years old. Of the total positive cases, the respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 54.4%, influenza A in 24.2 %, metapneumovirus in 15.2%, and parainfluenza virus 3 in 6.1%. 78.8% of cases required hospital treatment, 7.8% of which were derived to a high-level hospital. 13.5 % of the pediatric population was born prematurely, and 45.8% of the adult population suffered from some cardiometabolic disease. Conclusion: The care of ARI cases represents a high burden for the health care system in rural areas. The continuity of epidemiological surveillance programs for this event in scattered areas of the country constitutes a crucial tool for planning its management from the field of public health.INTRODUCCION La infección respiratoria aguda es una de las primeras causas de consulta médica a nivel mundial. Condiciona una alta carga en términos de morbimortalidad especialmente para poblaciones en edades extremas. OBJETIVO Identificar los virus respiratorios y las características epidemiologias de pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda en la ESE San Rafael de Yolombo, octubre de 2021 – abril de 2022. MATERIALES METODOS Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal bajo el análisis de fuente de información secundaria. La muestra (n= 212) incluyó todos los casos de octubre de 2021 a abril de 2022 que reunieron criterios para el diagnóstico de infección respiratoria aguda. Se desarrolló un análisis descriptivo de las características demográficas y clínicas de la muestra. RESULTADOS El porcentaje de positividad global fue de 15,7 %. La mayor positividad (19,2 %) se registró en el grupo de pacientes entre los cero y cuatro años. Del total de casos positivos un 54,4 % fueron causados por el virus sincitial respiratorio, 24,2 % por influenza tipo A, 15,2 % por metapneumovirus y 6,1 % por Parainfluenza tipo 3. El 78,8% de los casos ameritó manejo intrahospitalario y de estos 7.8% fue derivado a un centro de mayor complejidad. Entre infantes un 13,5 % registró historia de prematurez y en la adulta un 45,8 % padecía alguna enfermedad cardiometabólica. CONCLUSION La atención de la infección respiratoria aguda demandó una alta carga de recursos teniendo en cuenta que más del 70 % de los casos ameritó manejo intrahospitalario. La continuidad de programas de vigilancia epidemiológica de este evento en zonas dispersas del país constituye una herramienta crucial para la planeación de su manejo desde el campo de la salud pública

Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi in a hyper-endemic area of Colombia reveals an overlap among domestic and sylvatic cycles of Chagas disease

ABSTARCT: Chagas disease is a neglected illness caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, which widely affects American communities. This study attempted to identify T. cruzi genotypes circulating in four indigenous communities of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia, to investigate parasite transmission dynamics in these communities. In addition, some epidemiological variables to determine the risk factors for infection with this parasite, such as the prevalence of T. cruzi infection, the triatomine species, and the domestic and sylvatic mammals that act as vectors and reservoirs of the parasite in the domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic cycles, were examined. METHODS:We developed a prospective study to identify the main risk factors associated with T. cruzi infection in the region. The T. cruzi prevalence was determined by ELISA, IFA and PCR. Triatomines species and both domestic and sylvatic mammals from all communities were captured and sampled. To analyze parasite transmission dynamics in these four communities, eight DNA parasite probes were generated from insect and reservoir samples, and a DNA blot analysis were carried out. RESULTS:Serological studies revealed 37% prevalence in the four communities, and Kasakumake was the most endemic region, containing approximately 70% seropositives. Moreover, the molecular diagnosis showed a high correlation between the serological data and the T. cruzi circulating in the patients' blood. A total of 464 triatomine insects were collected in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments, and these insects belonged to five different species; Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata were the two more important species transmitting the parasite. After studying the eco-epidemiological factors in these four communities, the most important risk factors for infection with the parasite were determined. These risk factors are a high infection rate of people and domestic animals, the construction materials of the houses, the presence of infected triatomines inside the human dwellings, the proximity between houses and a sylvatic environment with several triatomine species and wild animals. Finally, the molecular characterization of T. cruzi showed the presence of three haplotypes and complex T. cruzi mixed infections in all reservoirs. CONCLUSIONS:Active transmission of T. cruzi is present in four indigenous communities of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta with overlap between the domestic and the sylvatic transmission cycles of Chagas disease

Web Platform for Biological Collections: Case Herbarium University of the Quindío

Summary- The incorporation of ICT has transformed the different areas of society. In the case of biological collections, they are facilitating - through the digitalization of their specimens - processes of obtaining information, testing data, conservation of specimens, exchange among experts, dissemination to the community, research and modeling, which strengthen their traditional functions. Therefore, this article presents the case of the web platform for the University of Quindío Herbarium (HUQ), made up of the administrative, information and virtual museum systems, which was created using the Iconix agile development methodology and gamification aspects.Summary- The incorporation of ICT has transformed the different areas of society. In the case of biological collections, they are facilitating - through the digitalization of their specimens - processes of obtaining information, testing data, conservation of specimens, exchange among experts, dissemination to the community, research and modeling, which strengthen their traditional functions. Therefore, this article presents the case of the web platform for the University of Quindío Herbarium (HUQ), made up of the administrative, information and virtual museum systems, which was created using the Iconix agile development methodology and gamification aspects

Web Platform for Biological Collections: Case Herbarium University of the Quindío

Summary- The incorporation of ICT has transformed the different areas of society. In the case of biological collections, they are facilitating - through the digitalization of their specimens - processes of obtaining information, testing data, conservation of specimens, exchange among experts, dissemination to the community, research and modeling, which strengthen their traditional functions. Therefore, this article presents the case of the web platform for the University of Quindío Herbarium (HUQ), made up of the administrative, information and virtual museum systems, which was created using the Iconix agile development methodology and gamification aspects.Summary- The incorporation of ICT has transformed the different areas of society. In the case of biological collections, they are facilitating - through the digitalization of their specimens - processes of obtaining information, testing data, conservation of specimens, exchange among experts, dissemination to the community, research and modeling, which strengthen their traditional functions. Therefore, this article presents the case of the web platform for the University of Quindío Herbarium (HUQ), made up of the administrative, information and virtual museum systems, which was created using the Iconix agile development methodology and gamification aspects

Web Platform for Biological Collections: Case Herbarium University of the Quindío

Summary- The incorporation of ICT has transformed the different areas of society. In the case of biological collections, they are facilitating - through the digitalization of their specimens - processes of obtaining information, testing data, conservation of specimens, exchange among experts, dissemination to the community, research and modeling, which strengthen their traditional functions. Therefore, this article presents the case of the web platform for the University of Quindío Herbarium (HUQ), made up of the administrative, information and virtual museum systems, which was created using the Iconix agile development methodology and gamification aspects.Summary- The incorporation of ICT has transformed the different areas of society. In the case of biological collections, they are facilitating - through the digitalization of their specimens - processes of obtaining information, testing data, conservation of specimens, exchange among experts, dissemination to the community, research and modeling, which strengthen their traditional functions. Therefore, this article presents the case of the web platform for the University of Quindío Herbarium (HUQ), made up of the administrative, information and virtual museum systems, which was created using the Iconix agile development methodology and gamification aspects

Toma de decisiones en relación con la elección de un programa de educación superior a través del coaching educativo

147 Páginas incluye diagramas.​​La presente investigación da cuenta de la aplicación de una estrategia de Coaching Educativo en tres colegios distritales de Bogotá, que tuvo como objetivo principal favorecer la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la elección de un programa de educación superior en un grupo de estudiantes del ciclo V, para lo cual se llevó a cabo un diagnóstico inicial que contribuyó al diseño de seis sesiones de intervención estructuradas a partir de los fundamentos de dicha estrategia, que se desarrollaron con la población participante y fueron registradas en diarios de campo. Posteriormente, se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de información que permitió analizar los cambios observados y definir si se relacionaron con esta intervención. En este escenario se produjeron resultados favorables evidenciados en las expectativas académicas de los participantes, que si bien en algunos casos se mantuvieron y en otros fueron modificadas, ahora se articulan a un proceso de autoconocimiento y valoración contextual, así como a una detallada exploración de la oferta educativa actual. Esta experiencia que podría ser replicada en otras instituciones, permite concluir que el Coaching utilizado en el ámbito educativo desde la perspectiva docente, se convierte en una herramienta de gran valor en el complejo proceso de elegir una carrera como parte inicial del proyecto de vida académico de los jóvenes vinculados a la educación pública.​