Analysis of flood risk in the middle-high Tajo river at its passes through Aranjuez (Madrid)

El presente documento se basa en el análisis de la vulnerabilidad social ante inundaciones en la localidad de Aranjuez (Madrid). En una primera fase, esta investigación muestra la aplicación del Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social (IVS) en la mencionada ciudad, ubicada en la llanura de inundación del río Tajo. En una segunda fase, se realiza la intersección espacial entre el IVS y los mapas de peligrosidad por inundación fluvial del ámbito de estudio, según períodos de retorno (10, 100 y 500 años), para obtener el riesgo demográfico. Como resultado, las secciones del distrito 1 (Foso-Moreras) contienen las principales zonas propensas al riesgo de inundación. El área de estudio seleccionada es de gran interés porque, pese a que la ocurrencia de eventos de inundación se ha reducido considerablemente con la construcción de los embalses de Entrepeñas y Buendía, históricamente Aranjuez ha sido la ciudad más afectada por avenidas del Tajo. Mediante las Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG), se demuestra que el riesgo de inundación aún existe y podría traducirse en perjuicios para la población, tanto a nivel económico como humano.This document is based on the analysis of social vulnerability to floods in Aranjuez (Madrid). Firstly, this investigation shows the application of the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) in the mentioned city, located in the flood plain of the Tajo river. Secondly, the IVS intersects with the flood hazard maps of the fiel of study, according to return periods (10, 100 and 500 years), to obtain the demographic risk. As a result, sections of district 1 (Foso-Moreras) contain the main areas prone to flood risk. The selected study area had a great interest because, although the occurrence of flood events has been greatly reduced with the construction of the Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs, historically Aranjuez has been the most affected city by avenues of the Tajo. Through Geographic Information Technologies (GIT), it is shown that the risk of flooding still exists and could result dangerous to people, in the economically and humanly way.Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEunpu

Variability of the Pr77 sequence of L1Tc retrotransposon among six T. cruzi strains belonging to different discrete typing units (DTUs)

All trypanosomatid genomes are colonized by non-LTR retrotransposons which exhibit a highly conserved 77-nt sequence at their 5′ ends, known as the Pr77-hallmark (Pr77). The wide distribution of Pr77 is expected to be related to the gene regulation processes in these organisms as it has promoter and HDV-like ribozyme activities at the DNA and RNA levels, respectively. The identification of Pr77 hallmark-bearing retrotransposons and the study of the associations of mobile elements with relevant genes have been analyzed in the genomes of six strains of Trypanosoma cruzi belonging to different discrete typing units (DTUs) and with different geographical origins and host/vectors. The genomes have been sequenced, assembled and annotated. BUSCO analyses indicated a good quality for the assemblies that were used in comparative analyses. The results show differences among the six genomes in the copy number of genes related to virulence processes, the abundance of retrotransposons bearing the Pr77 sequence and the presence of the Pr77 hallmarks not associated with retroelements. The analyses also show frequent associations of Pr77-bearing retrotransposons and single Pr77 hallmarks with genes coding for trans-sialidases, RHS, MASP or hypothetical proteins, showing variable proportion depending on the type of retroelement, gene class and parasite strain. These differences in the genomic distribution of active retroelements and other Pr77-containing elements have shaped the genome architecture of these six strains and might be contributing to the phenotypic variability existing among the

AIM-Mobile Learning Platform 3.0: Design of new functionalities to integrate smartphones in the teaching-learning process

[EN] The combination of Learning Management Systems (LMS) with smartphones is gaining importance in Higher Education studies. Therefore, we have designed a responsive virtual environment, AIM-Mobile Learning Platform, focus on integrating smartphones in class. It permits teachers to send real time questions and learning packets with multimedia resources to students through their smartphones. As the environment instantaneously processes every student response their continuous progress is automated. Moreover, the environment permits to manage teachers, subjects and students by means of a generic interface that can be applied in many educational disciplines. The new version includes more functionalities to promote their consolidation in Education. It integrates an installation and configuration package to provide high flexibility for Institutions as they can intall it in their own servers. Besides, we have complemented the existing quantitative evaluation system with a qualitative functionality based on positives and negatives taking into account the participation of students in class. Finally, the new version allows students to design questions with the aim to build knowledge. These strategies seek to increase the motivation, implication and attention of students in subjects, promoting a constant feedback inside class, which helps students to be more conscious of their self-learning process.This work has been funded by the University of Valladolid, Teaching Innovation Groups 2016-2017Merayo, N.; Medina, A.; Goyanes, G.; De Miguel, I.; Aguado, JC.; Durán, RJ.; Fernández, P.... (2017). AIM-Mobile Learning Platform 3.0: Design of new functionalities to integrate smartphones in the teaching-learning process. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 259-267. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.5166OCS25926

Percepción de riesgo en adolescentes relacionado con aborto

Resumen   Introducción: Los estudios realizados sobre la educación de la sexualidad han permitido constatar que aún son insuficientes los conocimientos que poseen los adolescentes sobre aspectos relacionados con el tema, en especial los riesgos del aborto y su repercusión de manera desfavorable en la salud sexual. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de riesgo en adolescentes relacionado con aborto por embarazos no deseados. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo, se utilizaron encuestas y entrevistas, así como métodos estadísticos para el procesamiento de la información. El universo estuvo conformado por 354 adolescentes pertenecientes a los consultorios médicos 20, 28 y 30 del Grupo Básico de Trabajo 2 del policlínico Pedro Borrás Astorga, la muestra de 190 adolescentes se encontraron entre las edades de 14 a 18 años. Resultados: Se evidenció una tendencia de los jóvenes a practicar conductas sexuales precoces y riesgosas, lo que favorece el aumento creciente de la práctica del aborto, con insuficientes conocimientos y percepción de riesgo sobre las consecuencias y riesgos de una interrupción de embarazo, donde se encuentran debilitados el rol de los padres y el papel del personal de salud de las áreas donde pertenecen. Conclusiones: Se demostró que el proceso de educación para la salud muestra insuficiencias en cuanto a la creación de programas educativos más creativos que fomentan actividades de promoción y prevención de salud dirigidos a los adolescente

[RuCl2(η6 ‑p‑cymene)(P*)] and [RuCl2(κ-P*‑η6 ‑arene)] Complexes Containing P‑Stereogenic Phosphines. Activity in Transfer Hydrogenation and Interactions with DNA

The preparation of a series of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes, [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(P*)] (P* = SPMeRR′) and [RuCl2(κ-P*-η6-arene)], containing P-stereogenic phosphines is reported. The borane-protected Pstereogenic phosphines have been obtained by addition of the (H3B)PMe2R (R = t-Bu (1), Cy (2), Fc (3))/sec-BuLi/ (−)-sparteine adduct to benzyl halides, carbonyl functions, and epoxides with yields between 40 and 90% and ee values in the 70−99% range. Those containing an aryl secondary function have been used in the preparation of [RuCl2(η6 -p-cymene)-(P*)] complexes. Borane deprotection has been performed using HBF4, except for (H3B)PRMe(CH2SiMe2Ph) phosphines, where DABCO was used to avoid partial cleavage of the CH2− Si bond. In the case of (H3B)P(t-Bu)Me(CH2C(OH)Ph2) (1l) the dehydrated phosphine was obtained. The tethered complexes were obtained by p-cymene substitution in chlorobenzene at 120 °C, except for ferrocenyl-containing complexes, which decomposed upon heating. The presence of substituents in the aryl arm of some of the phosphines introduces new chiral elements in the tethered [RuCl2(κ-P*-η6-arene)] compounds. Full characterization of all compounds both in solution and in the solid state has been carried out. Crystal structure determinations of four phosphine−borane molecules confirm the S configuration at the phosphorus atom (1a,e,l and 2d). Moreover, the crystal structure of one p-cymene complex (5i) and four tethered complexes reveal the strain of the compounds with two atoms in the tether (7c,g,l and 8i). Tethering has a marked effect on the catalytic performance transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and on the nature of hydridic species originating during the activation period. The chiral induction attains 58% ee with complexes with the bulkiest substituents in the pendant arm of the phosphine. Three of the prepared complexes can interact with DNA and present a reasonable cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Intercalation of the free aromatic pendant arm of the phosphines seems to be fundamental for such interactions

A testbed and a simulation laboratory for training engineering students in optical access network technologies

Producción CientíficaEngineering profiles focused on next-generation optical networks are gaining immense importance due to new emerging services and the amount of data expected in future network scenarios. In fact, not only are optical access networks leading to a major revolution in the network industry, but passive optical networks are the most widely deployed access networks worldwide today. This should be a strong incentive for universities to train their students in these innovative and recent technologies. In this vein, we propose the deployment of an optical communication laboratory with on-site experimental sessions in which students work with commercial equipment and realistic working environments. These working environments are necessary to train professionals in the area of optical networks. However, due to the high cost of the optical communications equipment, it is not possible to have a working place for each group and we combine these experimental sessions with some simulation sessions to complete the training. We present the design of this lab and a qualitative and quantitative study aimed at analyzing students’ experiences, the skills they have acquired, and the potential impact on their future careers. This study shows that students have a very positive perception of the lab, emphasizing that working with real equipment helps them improve technical skills and assimilate theoretical knowledge. They also point out they would like a higher number of subjects in their degrees to employ this type of lab. Finally, students perceive these sessions as very useful for their professional future.Unión Europea a través del programa INTERREG V-A España-Portugal (project 0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E)Junta de Castilla y León (grant VA085G19)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grants TEC2017-84423-C3-1-P and RED2018-102585-T

2020 22nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

Producción CientíficaNetwork Function Virtualization (NFV) is a promising networking paradigm that will ease the network manageability and increase its flexibility, while reducing costs. In this paradigm, operators must solve the Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement and chaining problems. It is also important to provide backup resources to ensure the survivability of the offered services when a node failure happens. In this paper, we compare two different protection approaches to ensure the service resilience: individual VNF protection and end-to-end protection. Results show the benefits in terms of use of computing resources and energy consumption of protecting each VNF individually, compared to the end-to-end protection approach.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grant TEC2017-84423-C3-1-P)Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo (fellowship BES-2015-074514)Research network Go2Edge (grant RED2018-102585-T)Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal (POCTEP) programme 2014- 202

Experimental assessment of a cognitive mechanism to reduce the impact of outdated TEDs in optical networks

Producción CientíficaWe have recently proposed and demonstrated, by means of simulation, the benefits of a simple yet effective cognitive technique to enhance stateless Path Computation Element algorithms with the aim of reducing the connection blocking probability when relying on a potentially non-up-to-date traffic engineering database. In this paper, we employ that technique, called elapsed time matrix (ETM), in the framework of the CHRON (Cognitive Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Optical Network) architecture and, more importantly, validate and analyze its performance in an emulation environment (rather than in a simulation environment) supporting impairment-aware lightpath establishment. Not only dynamic lightpath establishment on demand has been studied, but also restoration processes when facing optical link failures. Emulation results demonstrate that ETM reduces the blocking probability when establishing lightpaths on demand, and increases the percentage of successful restorations in case of optical link failure. Moreover, the use of that technique has little impact on lightpath setup time and lightpath restoration time, respectively.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Projects TEC2010-21178-C02-02 and TEC2014-53071-C3-2-P)European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] CHRON project (Cognitive Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Optical Network) under grant agreement no 25864