Modello activity oriented per la gestione della radioprotezione di una azienda sanitaria

Alla base delle analisi di radioprotezione di una azienda sanitaria si potrebbero considerare quattro settori da cui partire: le attività svolte che presentano un rischio dal punto di vista radiologico, gli apparecchi radiogeni, i locali all'interno del quale si svolgono le attività e infine i lavoratori, che devono essere classificati o meno in base ai valori di dose efficace a cui vengono esposti. In questo elaborato si vuole presentare un nuovo modello informatico di gestione, definito activity-oriented perché volto a portare le attività al centro dell'indagine di radioprotezione così da poter strutturare di conseguenza anche i dati relativi ad apparecchiature, locali e lavoratori, in modo da avere un visione completa dell’azienda così da facilitarne il monitoraggio. Tale modello è stato creato negli ultimi anni nell’azienda USL di Forlì e contemporaneamente è stato sviluppato un software che permette di automatizzare parte dei lavori di competenza dell’Esperto Qualificato. Applicando tali strumenti sull’Azienda USL della Romagna Area Territoriale di Ravenna è stato possibile passare da una gestione cartacea, priva di modellizzazione informatica, ad una gestione basata sul concetto di attività a rischio radiologico. Verranno evidenziati i passaggi che sono stati necessari per un corretto adattamento dello schema e inoltre verranno presentati i risultati ottenuti. In conclusione si vuole evidenziare come il modello descritto permetta una consistente riduzione del tempo necessario per svolgere le attività di competenza dell'Esperto Qualificato, riducendo inoltre gli errori commessi. Si ha così un guadagno di tempo impiegabile per formare i lavoratori classificati sui rischi che ci sono lavorando con radiazioni ionizzanti e quali possono essere le opportune precauzioni da utilizzare

Maintaining standing stones benefits biodiversity in lowland heathland

The exploitation of natural resources by people generally has detrimental effects on nature but in some cases anthropogenic activities can result in changes to the natural environment that produce new habitats and increase biodiversity. Understanding and supporting such cultural aspects of land use is an important part of effective conservation strategies. The UK has a range of cultural landscapes that contribute to the landscape matrix and are often important for biodiversity. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between various types of cultural landscapes or their effects on biodiversity. We examined the interaction between semi-natural sacred sites and lowland heathland in Cornwall, and the contribution these sites make to the overall biodiversity within the habitat. We found that semi-natural sacred sites had significantly higher levels of biodiversity compared to surrounding heathland; the existence and use of the sites created new and important habitats for rare and threatened heathland species; and the spiritual and cultural use of the sites aids the management of heathland. Promoting the use of semi-natural sacred sites could therefore contribute to biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the cultural and spiritual importance of such sites potentially increases the availability of volunteer resources for their management. We highlight the importance of an integrated management approach for achieving effective biodiversity conservation in areas containing multiple types of cultural landscapes

Framing the relationship between people and nature in the context of European conservation

A key controversy in conservation is the framing of the relationship between people and nature. The extent to which the realms of nature and human culture are viewed as separate (dualistic view) or integrated is often discussed in the social sciences. To explore how this relationship is represented in the practice of conservation in Europe, we considered examples of cultural landscapes, wildlife (red deer, reindeer, horses), and protected area management. We found little support, for a dualistic worldview, where people and nature are regarded as separate in the traditional practice of conservation in Europe. The borders between nature and culture, wild and domestic, public land and private land, and between protected areas and the wider landscape were blurred and dynamic. The institutionalized (in practice and legislation) view is of an interactive mutualistic system in which humans and nature share the whole landscape. However, more dualistic ideals, such as wilderness and rewilding that are challenging established practices are expanding. In the context of modern day Europe, wilderness conservation and rewilding are not valid for the whole landscape, although it is possible to integrate some areas of low-intervention management into a wider matrix. A precondition for success is to recognize and plan for a plurality of values concerning the most valid approaches to conservation and to plan for this plurality at the landscape scale

Man, forestry, and forest landscapes. Trends and perspectives in the evolution of forestry and woodland history research

From the middle of the 19th century forestry strongly favoured the economic approach of attaining the maximum forest rent,an approach that was extended to most of the world under the framework of the «imperial forestry» model. Forest history in this period dealt primarily with the history of forestry and economic aspects. Forestry was changed during the 1950s, 1960s,and 1970s, by the rapid growth of the world's population and its economy, but was challenged by the rise of concern for the environment. In the following years forest history began to develop new approaches. The UNCED conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 advocated the notion of sustainable development,from which the criteria of Sustainable Forest Management are derived. These principles, however, neglected culture,history and landscape values. This problem has consequently been addressed by number of initiatives of the iufro group on forest and woodland history, supporting the need to include these values in SFM