Mnogość ról i spójność postawy Jana Józefa Szczepańskiego

This article is a presentation of the moral stance of a Polish writer Jan Józef Szczepański. Born in Warsaw in 1919, he experienced Poland’s newly regained independence, World War II, the reality of life behind the Iron Curtain and, finally, toward the end of his life, a few years in a free country. He endured a lot during his lifetime, but his attitude was unbending. Szczepański shows in his books and a diary that moral issues were always his main concern. The following article is an attempt to demonstrate this stance not only in the writer’s thought, but also through references to philosophers like Józef Tischner or his writer friends like Stanisław Lem

Women in EU as Seen by Dynamic Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

The socio-economic activity of women in 28 European Union in 2000-2015 countries has been studied in this paper. Six variables covering the female labour market, educational and political activity, and researchers’ careers have been used. They were subject to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in two versions. One – separately for each year, and the other – jointly for the whole period. The first one was used to identify and track the positions of variables in three-component, time dependent space. Principal components were explained and some changes in loadings were discussed. For the analysis of 28 European Union countries we study their trajectories defined by factor values. The countries were clustered by Ward’s agglomerative method. Four groups have been found. Two of them were easy to interpret – consisting generally of countries from the old and new European Union respectively. Linear trends were estimated for the movement of four groups in PC space. Then, differences between groups have been explained by the analysis of group trends of the original variables

The role of the prooxidative-antioxidative system in dentistry

During physiological processes, a number of chemical reactions take place in all cells including oxidation and reduction.Those reactions can result in the production of free radicals, ie., atoms or atom groupsthat have one or more unpaired electrons and thereforeextremely high chemical reactivity. Numerous free radicals are formed through natural processes; the levels of free radicals in the cell depends, among others, on physical activity, environmental factors (eg., ionizing radiation from natural or artificial sources, toxins such as exhaust fumes) and lifestyle-relatedstress. Generation of free radicals is associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in cell homeostasis leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is also a disturbance in the balance between oxidation processes and antioxidant defenses

The effect of nicotine withdrawal on hygiene and oral health

Introduction and purpose of the work. There are many reports in the literature about the negative impact of smoking on oral hygiene and health. Periodontal disease, which most often occurs in smokers, is also a source of many other ailments that determine the health of a person. The nicotine withdrawal is observed in smokers in relation to hygiene and oral health. The process of nicotine withdrawal is long-lasting but brings tangible results, both in the aspect of hygiene and oral health. The aim of this work is to present the effects of nicotine withdrawal in individual stages of its process. State of knowledge. According to numerous reports, smoking is one of the most important factors threatening the health of people in highly developed countries. It is a medical, social, moral and economic problem. Epidemiological data indicate that in Poland, 9 million people smoke cigarettes. In the world, active tobacco smokers are over 1 billion. It turns out that smoking kills as many as 5.8 million people around the world. Estimates indicate that this number could reach up to 8 million in 2030 [1, 2]. The Ministry of Health in Poland calculated, that as a result of the tobacco addiction, up to 67,000 Poles die each year, e.g. only lung cancer caused by smoking kills about 20,000 people a year[3].In the light of the study carried out by TNS Polska for the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, one in four Poles after the age of 15 is a smoker, and the number of smokers is decreasing every year. The epidemiological studies have demonstrated the significant effect of smoking on the oral cavity and the development of periodontal disease. At the same time, the literature of the subject have indicated the measurable effects of nicotine withdrawal - reducing the negative effects on oral health. In the short-term assessment, the negative effects reduction is rather more visible for society and the former smoker - namely the lack of unpleasant smell from the mouth, as well as the smell of clothes and hair, or the improvement of taste and smell. In the case of prolonged nicotine abstinence, there is a reduction in the risk of periodontal disease and mucous membrane diseases. Long-term discontinuation of smoking may cause significant improvement in periodontium and contribute to the regression of pathological lesions on the oral mucosa, as well as the lack of further progression of diseases resulting from smoking addiction. Summary. The literature on the subject as well as the results of analyzes carried out in dental offices confirm that there is a measurable benefit to oral health through the use of nicotine withdrawal. Each stage characterized by a period of abstinence has benefits that cause the negative effects of smoking to regress. It is obvious that the patient's commitment and compliance with the dentist's instructions regarding the pharmacological support of the entire process, but also all preventive measures is very important

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN SELECTED PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT GRAIN

K e y w o r d s: wheat, grain, physical properties, technological properties, geometrical properties. A b s t r a c t The aim of this work was to determine selected physical properties of wheat grain which are of significance in transport, separation and storage processes as well as to assess the correlations between them and the technological properties of wheat. The grain of two wheat varieties (Eta and Banti) which are popular in Poland was used as research material. The tested properties included: vitreousness, test weight, thousand kernel weight, true density, geometric parameters (thickness, width, length), static friction coefficient of wheat kernels against steel and glass, protein and gluten content and the Zeleny sedimentation value. The grain of the investigated wheat varieties differed in most physical and technological properties. The average length, width and thickness kernels were 6.31 mm, 3.31 mm and 3.03 mm for vr. Banti and 6.05 mm, 3.33 mm, 2.97 mm for vr. Eta. The test weight ranged from 75.68 (Banti) to 78.29 kg · hl -1 (Eta), the thousand kernel weight from 36.3 (Eta) to 39.2 g (Banti) and vitreousness was from 13 (Banti) to 81% (Eta). A correlation between the physical and technological properties of wheat was found. The vitreousness of the wheat grain was positively correlated with protein content (the correlation indices were 0.58 for Banti variety and 0.67 for Eta) and the volume was positively correlated with the true density of grain (r = -0.69 Eta, r = -0.64 Banti). The static coefficient of the friction of wheat grains of two structural materials (metal or glass) is insufficient to predict its technological properties. Symbol lis

BADANIE OBECNOŚCI POLIMORFIZMU C/T W POZYCJI 34 DRUGIEGO INTRONU GENU MIOSTATYNY KRÓLIKÓW

Myostatin gene is a negative regulator of skeletal muscles growth. It is responsible for normal development of skeletal muscles. The objective of the research was to detect variation of C/T at position 34 of the second intron of the MNST gene in rabbits. The research included 114 rabbits: 54 of them Polish Rabbits, and 60 of them White Flemish Giants, examined by means of the PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzyme. We found allele C with a frequency of 0.6184 of the examined rabbit population, and allele T with a frequency of 0.3816 of the examined rabbits.Gen miostatyny jest ujemnym regulatorem wzrostu mięśni szkieletowych. Gen MNST odpowiedzialny jest za prawidłowy rozwój mięśni szkieletowych. Celem badań była detekcja zmienności C/T w pozycji 34 drugiego intronu genu MNST królików. Badaniu poddano 114 królików: 54 osobniki rasy hermelin i 60 osobników rasy belgijski olbrzym biały metodą PCR-RFLP przy użyciu enzymu restrykcyjnego AluI. Wykryto allel C stanowiący 0,6184 przebadanej populacji królików oraz allel T stanowiacy 0,3816 przebadanych osobników

Causes and frequency of tocophobia — own experiences

  Objectives: The phenomenon of tocophobia (pathological fear of labor) has not been fully explored. Currently, there are no diagnostic criteria that would enable its detection or make it recognizable as a disease entity. The aim of study was to determine the degree of anxiety/tocophobia as well as to learn about and analyze the causes of this phenomenon in Polish pregnant women. Material and methods: The prospective study included 120 pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation from February to May 2016. The study was performed with the use of a standardized and revised version of the Labor Anxi­ety Questionnaire (KLP II) designed by Putyński and Paciorek (1997) as well as a proprietary interview questionnaire and structured data documentation form. Results: In 6.7% of the subjects, the level of labor anxiety was very high (> 18 in KLP II). It was the highest in women over 30 years of age (Pearson’s chi squared test = 0.00422; p < 0.05). It has been shown that successive childbirths have an im­pact on the degree of anxiety (p = 0.04217).The highest level of anxiety was noted in primiparous women. In 85% of the subjects, anxiety was caused by fear of labor pain. 56.7% of the tested women did not use any professional help in the preparation for childbirth and motherhood. Conclusions: Primiparas and women over 30 years of age experience very high levels of fear significantly more frequently. The lack of proper preparation for childbirth determines the occurrence of tocophobia. Ante-natal classes and prenatal education based on standards of obstetric care should be promoted in order to reduce or eliminate fear of natural labor

Zabieg pomostowania tętnic wieńcowych u pacjenta dializowanego otrzewnowo

Choroba niedokrwienna serca pozostaje jedną z najważniejszych przyczyn zgonów u pacjentów ze schyłkową niewydolnością nerek. Z roku na rok rośnie liczba pacjentów leczonych nerkozastępczo, którzy są poddawani zabiegowi pomostowania aortalno- wieńcowego. Mimo postępu, jaki dokonał się w kardiochirurgii, chorobowość i umieralność okołooperacyjna u pacjentów dializowanych utrzymują się na wysokim poziomie. W pracy przedstawiono satysprzypadek pacjenta dializowanego otrzewnowo, u którego wykonano zabieg pomostowania aortalno- -wieńcowego. W okresie okołooperacyjnym kontynuowano poprzednią metodę dializoterapii. Można zatem przypuszczać, że pacjenci dializowani otrzewnowo, poddawani zabiegom kardiochirurgicznym, mogą w okresie okołozabiegowym stosować dializę otrzewnową. Forum Nefrologiczne 2011, tom 4, nr 1, 33–3

Dializa otrzewnowa u pacjentów poddawanych zabiegom kardiochirurgicznym: za i przeciw

Schorzenie układu sercowo-naczyniowego jest główną przyczyną zgonów pacjentów ze schyłkową niewydolnością nerek. Liczba pacjentów dializowanych poddawanych zabiegom kardiochirurgicznym stale się zwiększa. Decyzja o wyborze optymalnej metody leczenia nerkozastępczego jest przedmiotem dyskusji. Dializa otrzewnowa ma pewne zalety w okresie okołooperacyjnym. Przedstawiono opis 3 przypadków chorych z przewlekłą niewydolnością nerek, których poddano operacjom kardiochirurgicznym i kontynuowali dializę otrzewnową w okresie okołooperacyjnym. Zaprezentowano analizę problemów pojawiających się po zabiegu, uwzględniając przewodnienie i hiperkaliemię. Należy przypuszczać, że pacjenci dializowani otrzewnowo poddawani zabiegom kardiochirurgicznym mogą kontynuować poprzednią metodę dializ w okresie okołooperacyjnym. Forum Nefrologiczne 2011, tom 4, nr 1, 14–1