Comportamento de voo de aves em resposta ao uso de sinalizadores em linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica

Como consequência da ampliação do setor energético e da instalação de novas linhas de transmissão de energia (LTs), as aves estão expostas a um risco crescente de mortalidade direta em virtude da colisão com essas estruturas. Com o propósito de minimizar as colisões, sinalizadores de avifauna são instalados nos cabos para-raios das LTs. Buscamos testar a efi ciência dos sinalizadores por meio de observações da alteração no comportamento de voo de aves avaliado em nível de famílias taxonômicas. Consideramos duas variáveis de exposição ao risco de colisão - posição do voo de transposição da linha e distância perpendicular em relação aos cabos – observadas em vãos sinalizados e não sinalizados de uma LT localizada no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. Realizamos o teste Qui- Quadrado (α = 0,05) para as duas variáveis de risco e para cada família em separado. Das famílias analisadas (n = 13), somente uma (Hirundinidae) apresentou alteração do comportamento de voo na presença dos sinalizadores. Apesar da sinalização dos cabos ser indicada como a medida mais apropriada para a mitigação dessas fatalidades, nossos resultados não revelaram isso quando avaliados em nível de família. No entanto, antes de abandonar essa estratégia de mitigação, nós discutimos a necessidade da aplicação de meta-análises para verifi car a efetividade desses dispositivos nas LTs instaladas no Brasil, assim como a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento nos desenhos amostrais dos estudos de monitoramentos dessas infraestruturas.Bird fl ight behavior in response to marked wire use in power transmission lines. As a result of the expansion of the energy sector and the subsequent installation of new power transmission lines (LTs), birds are increasingly exposed to the risk of direct mortality due to collision with these structures. In order to minimize collisions, bird fl ight diverters are fi xed in the static wire. We tested, with an indirect measure, the eff ectiveness of this dispositive by means of observations of the alteration of the fl ight behavior in distinct bird families. We considered two risk variables - position of the line transposition fl ight and fl ight distance in relation to the cables - observed on mitigated and unmitigated spans of a LT located on the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We used chi-square test (α = 0.05) for the two risk variables and for each family separately to test for diff erences in behavior responses to fl ight diverters. Out of 13 families, only Hirundinidae showed risk avoidance fl ight behavior on mitigated lines. Despite the wire marking be indicated as the most appropriate measure to mitigate these fatalities, our behavioral study do not supported this claim, at the family level. However, before their abandonment we discuss the need of a meta-analysis of their eff ectiveness on Brazilian TLs as well improvements needed in monitoring study designs

Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee-second edition

An updated version of the checklist of birds of Brazil is presented, along with a summary of the changes approved by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee's Taxonomy Subcommittee since the first edition, published in 2015. In total, 1971 bird species occurring in Brazil are supported by documentary evidence and are admitted to the Primary List, 4.3% more than in the previous edition. Eleven additional species are known only from undocumented records (Secondary List). For each species on the Primary List, status of occurrence in the country is provided and, in the case of polytypic species, the respective subspecies present in Brazilian territory are listed. Explanatory notes cover taxonomic changes, nomenclatural corrections, new occurrences, and other changes implemented since the last edition. Ninety species are added to the Primary List as a result of species descriptions, new occurrences, taxonomic splits, and transfers from the Secondary List due to the availability of documentation. In contrast, eight species are synonymized or assigned subspecific status and thus removed from the Primary List. In all, 293 species are endemic to Brazil, ranked third among the countries with the highest rate of bird endemism. The Brazilian avifauna currently consists of 1742 residents or breeding migrants, 126 seasonal non-breeding visitors, and 103 vagrants. The category of vagrants showed the greatest increase (56%) compared to the previous list, mainly due to new occurrences documented in recent years by citizen scientists. The list updates the diversity, systematics, taxonomy, scientific and vernacular nomenclature, and occurrence status of birds in Brazil.Peer reviewe

Single cell spatial analysis reveals inflammatory foci of immature neutrophil and CD8 T cells in COVID-19 lungs

Single cell spatial interrogation of the immune-structural interactions in COVID −19 lungs is challenging, mainly because of the marked cellular infiltrate and architecturally distorted microstructure. To address this, we develop a suite of mathematical tools to search for statistically significant co-locations amongst immune and structural cells identified using 37-plex imaging mass cytometry. This unbiased method reveals a cellular map interleaved with an inflammatory network of immature neutrophils, cytotoxic CD8 T cells, megakaryocytes and monocytes co-located with regenerating alveolar progenitors and endothelium. Of note, a highly active cluster of immature neutrophils and CD8 T cells, is found spatially linked with alveolar progenitor cells, and temporally with the diffuse alveolar damage stage. These findings offer further insights into how immune cells interact in the lungs of severe COVID-19 disease. We provide our pipeline [Spatial Omics Oxford Pipeline (SpOOx)] and visual-analytical tool, Multi-Dimensional Viewer (MDV) software, as a resource for spatial analysis

Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo comite Brasileiro de registros ornitologicos

Since 2005, the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee (CBRO) has published updated checklists of Brazilian birds almost every year. Herein, we present a completely new and annotated version of our checklist. For the first time, we list all bird subspecies known from Brazil that are currently accepted by at least one key ornithological reference work. The inclusion of the subspecies should be seen as a synthesis, and not as a taxonomic endorsement. As such, we include in the new checklist 1919 avian species, 910 of which are treated as polytypic in reference works (2042 subspecies), totaling 3051 taxa at the species and subspecies level. We anticipate that several of the subspecies included in our list may be subject to future taxonomic upgrades to species status, while others will probably be shown to be invalid in the light of future taxonomic studies. The results highlight Brazil as a megadiverse country and reinforce the need for proper enforcement of political tools, laws and international commitments assumed by the country to preserve its biodiversity. © 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia. All rights reserved

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Filogenia molecular de Chiroxiphia e Antilophia : aves : Pipridae

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 447225.pdf: 644483 bytes, checksum: 988f24a45a0bd2878db09f4dc1d4f992 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26The genus Chiroxiphia, small birds of Pipridae, currently comprises five species, including C. pareola, the species with wider geographic distribution, with four subspecies. Chiroxiphia boliviana was until recently considered a subspecies of C. pareola, but no detailed analysis has been published to justify such treatment, and in the absence of robust data, some authors question the validity of C. boliviana as a species. In this study, we used sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes to infer evolutionary relationships between Chiroxiphia species and all subspecies of the C. pareola as well as the relationships between Chiroxiphia and Antilophia. All phylogenies shown Chiroxiphia as paraphyletic as currently defined, since the two species of the Antilophia are included within Chiroxiphia as sister of C. boliviana. Chiroxiphia boliviana should be treated as full species, since it is not closely related to C. pareola and is clearly distinct from Antilophia. Within C. pareola four independent evolutionary lineages were identified, two of them corresponding to the subspecies C. p. regina and C. p. napensis, the other two are lineages separated by the lower Amazon River, with individuals from the north mixed with individuals of C. p. atlantica. The pattern observed for the complex C. pareola suggests that there is no deep genetic structure between the Amazonian centers of endemism, except for the separation between the northern and southern of the lower Amazon River. Therefore, the theory that large Amazonian rivers were important barriers to gene flow was not supported for the formation of the distinct evolutionary lineages within the C. pareola group. We recommend the synonymization of Antilophia with Chiroxiphia, which has priority, and the treatment as full species to C. regina and C. napensis.O g?nero Chiroxiphia, pequenos passeriformes da fam?lia Pipridae, compreende atualmente cinco esp?cies, sendo que C. pareola, a esp?cie com distribui??o geogr?fica mais ampla, inclui quatro subesp?cies. Anteriormente, todos estes t?xons foram tratados como esp?cies plenas, por outro lado, C. boliviana foi at? recentemente considerada como subesp?cie de C. pareola, por?m nenhuma an?lise detalhada foi publicada para justificar tal tratamento, e na aus?ncia de dados robustos, alguns autores questionam a validade de C. boliviana como esp?cie. Neste estudo, usamos sequ?ncias de dois genes mitocondriais e dois genes nucleares para inferir as rela??es evolutivas, atrav?s de diversos m?todos filogen?ticos, entre as esp?cies de Chiroxiphia e de todas as subesp?cies de C. pareola, assim como as rela??es entre Chiroxiphia e Antilophia. Os resultados mostram que Chiroxiphia como atualmente definido ? parafil?tico, uma vez que as duas esp?cies de Antilophia est?o inclu?das dentro de Chiroxiphia, como irm?s de C. boliviana. C. boliviana deve ser tratada como esp?cie plena, uma vez que esta esp?cie n?o est? proximamente relacionada com C. pareola. Dentro de C. pareola quatro linhagens evolutivas independentes foram identificadas, duas delas correspondendo ?s subesp?cies C. p. regina e C. p. napensis. As duas outras linhagens s?o separadas atualmente pelo baixo rio Amazonas, estando os indiv?duos do norte misturada com os indiv?duos de C. p .atlantica. O padr?o observado para o complexo C. pareola sugere que n?o exista nenhuma estrutura??o profunda entre os Centros de Endemismo Amaz?nicos, exceto para a separa??o Norte e Sul do baixo Amazonas. Portanto, a hip?tese dos grandes rios Amaz?nicos como barreira para o fluxo g?nico pode ser refutada para a forma??o da maior parte das distintas linhagens evolutivas dentro do grupo C. pareola. Em rela??o ? nomenclatura, recomendamos a inclus?o de Antilophia em Chiroxiphia, o qual tem prioridade, e o tratamento como esp?cie plena para C. regina e C. napensis

Four decades after Belton: a review of records and evidences on the avifauna of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

ABSTRACT We present a new update of the list of birds of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on a thorough review of new records and evidences accumulated from February 2011 to July 2017. This is the fifth update since the first compilation based on a reasonably complete geographic coverage of the state, published by William Belton in 1978, and the second produced by a regional (informal) committee. It is also the first to widely use citizen science contributions available on shared portals and digital databases on the internet. Forty-three taxa were added, resulting in a final list with 704 species, 6.5% more than in the previous assessment in 2010. Two species were replaced due to taxonomic changes. Documentation for inclusions based on unpublished records is indicated or published here. We also updated the documentation of another 20 species previously included in the list. Inclusions represent mainly migrants recorded in the state as vagrants or irregular visitors (22), but also cases of recent range expansion (especially from the north) and previously overlooked resident or migratory taxa. The average rate of additions (over six species per year) was 30% higher than in the previous period and is expected to accelerate. The percentage of accepted species without documented records in the state decreased from 1.8% in 2010 to 0.7% in the current list. We attribute these results to a better spatial and temporal coverage of the state in recent years, mainly due to the increasing contribution of amateurs, who accounted for 60% of the new occurrences. In contrast, the percentage of species documented by museum specimens has decreased steadily over time (currently at 84%). Investment in scientific research and collection of voucher specimens in the state should keep pace with the growing interest birds arouse in society, due to the importance and usefulness of museum specimens