An anomalous neural interconnection between the Lingual and Mylohyoid Nerves

ABSTRACT The interconnection between the lingual nerve (LN) and the hypoglossal nerve, the LN and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and the LN and the mylohyoid nerve (MHN) has already been documented in the literature. Despite the fact that variations in the course of the MHN in regard to the mandible are regularly observed, they have yet to be well documented in the anatomical or surgical literature. This anatomical variety necessitates that surgeons and anesthesiologists who routinely perform oro-surgical interventions and nerve blocks in the face for various neuralgias enhance their knowledge and awareness in order to avoid unintended nerve injury. In the present case report, we observed an aberrant neural loop connecting LN and MHN, as well as anatomical insight into an integrated component of MH along with LN in addition to the motor component.Keywords             : Lingual nerve, Mylohyoid nerve, Interconnection, Neural Loop Correspondence    [email protected]

Incidence of types of hypospadias in and around Tumkur district, Karnataka, India: an anatomical classification

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital anomaly in children. It is characterized by the abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus. Abnormal urethral opening may be located on the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum respectively. This article mainly deals with the embryology, etiology, anatomy and incidence of different types of hypospadias in Tumakuru rural district.Methods: This study was interdepartmental and prospective, consisting of 80 cases conducted at department of pediatric surgery and Anatomy and the period of study was from April 2013 to March 2017. The hypospadias have been classified into 1) Proximal hypospadias 2) Midshaft hypospadias, 3) Distal Hypospadias according to the location of external urethral opening.Results: Out of the 80 cases, distal hypospadias is the most common incidence followed by midshaft and proximal hypospadias.Conclusions: The condition is repairable in the vast majority of cases, leaving a functional and normal looking penis. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention, hypospadias and chordee repair procedures are highly successful and can avoid the emotional distress

Changes of refractive status after pterygium surgery in a tertiary eye hospital in Bangladesh

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the amount of refractive changes after pterygium surgery and to compare the relationship between amounts of astigmatism with grade of pterygium.Methods: A prospective, interventional, comparative study was conducted on one hundred eyes of 100 patients of primary pterygium attending the outpatients department of Ispahani Islamia eye hospital and Institute, Dhaka from May, 2019 to November, 2019. Pterygium was graded according to morphology and the extent of corneal encroachment. Manifest refraction was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. All patients underwent stem cell conjunctival autograft by fibrin glue by different surgeons.Results: The astigmatism decreased significantly following pterygium excision. The mean pre-operative astigmatism was 1.69±1.13 D and reduced post-operatively to 0.23±0.27 D (p value <0.001). The mean pre-operative VA was 6/24 and reduced post-operatively to 6/9.Conclusions:There was statistically significant correlation between grade of pterygium and induced astigmatism (p value <0.001). The present study verifies that amount of pterygium induced astigmatism is directly proportional to increase in the size of pterygium. 

IMPACT OF MICROCREDIT ON INCOME AND NON-INCOME DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY – A STUDY ON DIFFERENT GROUPS OF POOR IN BANGLADESH

This study investigates the differential impact that microcredit borrowers of different income classes might have experienced in their poverty condition after borrowing microcredit loans. Methods of this study consisted of a cross-sectional survey as well as unstructured interviews with the female microcredit borrowers in Bangladesh. Results show that an overwhelming majority of microcredit borrowers has experienced improvement in their poverty condition, but the degree of benefits widely varies among different groups of borrowers. Borrowers with some resource base have been benefitted most; whereas the absolute poor borrowers, with hardly any asset holding, not only have experienced least improvement in their financial condition but also have become even poorer in few instances.  Article visualizations

Kaempferol Regresses Carcinogenesis through a Molecular Cross Talk Involved in Proliferation, Apoptosis and Inflammation on Human Cervical Cancer Cells, HeLa

Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains a plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry to analyze DNA content and quantitate apoptosis. Quantitative PCR and protein profiling were performed to evaluate the modulated manifestation of different genes involved in apoptosis, cell growth and inflammation. Kaempferol exhibited reduction in cell viability of HeLa cells (IC50 = 50 µM 48 h), whereas it did not show any significant effect on viability of the AC-16 cell line. Kaempferol-impacted apoptosis was definitive, as it induced DNA fragmentation, caused disruption of membrane potential, accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase and augmented early apoptosis. Consistently, kaempferol induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by modulating the expression of various genes at both transcript and protein levels. It upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including APAF1, BAX, BAD, Caspases 3, and 9, etc., at the transcript level and Bad, Bax, p27, p53, p21, Caspases 3 and 8 etc. at the protein level, while it downregulated the expression of pro-survival gene BCL-2, BIRC8, MCL-1, XIAP, and NAIP at the transcript level and Bcl-2, XIAP, Livin, clap-2 at the protein level. Kaempferol attenuated oxidative stress by upregulating GSH activity and anti-inflammatory response by suppressing NF-kB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol averted rampant cell division and induced apoptosis by modulating AKT/MTOR and MAP kinase pathways. Hence, kaempferol can be considered as a natural therapeutic agent with a differential profile

Closure of Alveolar Cleft by Iliac Bone Grafting: a Case Report

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects, affecting a significant number of individuals worldwide. The alveolar cleft is a developmental defect that affects the alveolar process of the maxilla and is often associated with cleft lip and palate. Methods: In this case report, we present the case of a 20-year-old female patient with alveolar cleft who underwent secondary alveolar cleft reconstruction using autologous iliac bone grafting. The aim of the procedure was to restore the function and form of the maxillary arch, facilitate ridge augmentation for further prosthetic rehabilitation, repair the nasal floor, and facilitate orthodontic treatment. Results: The procedure was successful in achieving the desired outcomes, and the patient's occlusal relationship was improved. Additionally, the alar base symmetry was enhanced, and speech was improved. Conclusion: Alveolar cleft reconstruction using autologous iliac bone grafting is a successful approach to treating alveolar clefts. The procedure can restore the form and function of the maxillary arch and facilitate further prosthetic rehabilitation and orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of the procedure should be monitored closely to ensure optimal outcomes. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2023; 13(1): 35-3

GC–MS analysis and pharmacological evaluations of Phoenix sylvestris (Roxb.) seeds provide new insights into the management of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia

Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. (Arecaceae) seeds are used in the treatment of diabetes in the traditional system of medicine. The present study evaluated antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities as well as the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanol extract of P. sylvestris seeds (MEPS). The constituents of the extract were identified by GC–MS analysis. MEPS demonstrated strong antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 = 162.70 ± 14.99 μg) and nitric oxide (NO) (IC50 = 101.56 ± 9.46 μg/ml) free radicals. It also possesses a substantial amount of phenolics and flavonoids. It significantly (p < .05) reduced blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded and alloxan-induced diabetic mice at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w., respectively. A total of 46 compounds were detected and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis, among which 8-methylisoquinoline N-oxide (32.82%) was predominant. The phytochemical study by GC–MS revealed that the MEPS possesses compounds which could be related to its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. To recapitulate, P. sylvestris seeds can be a very good option for antidiabetic and antioxidant activity though further studies are still recommended to figure out the responsible phytochemicals and establish their exact mechanism of action

Improved mechanical strength, proton conductivity and power density in an ‘all-protonic’ ceramic fuel cell at intermediate temperature

The authors AA and NR would like to thank Universiti Brunei Darussalam for providing a UGS scholarship to perform this research. This work was supported by the UBD CRG project: UBD/OVACRI/CRGWG(006)/161201.Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) have become the most efficient, clean and cost-effective electrochemical energy conversion devices in recent years. While significant progress has been made in developing proton conducting electrolyte materials, mechanical strength and durability still need to be improved for efficient applications. We report that adding 5 mol% Zn to the Y-doped barium cerate-zirconate perovskite electrolyte material can significantly improve the sintering properties, mechanical strength, durability and performance. Using same proton conducting material in anodes, electrolytes and cathodes to make a strong structural backbone shows clear advantages in mechanical strength over other arrangements with different materials. Rietveld analysis of the X-ray and neutron diffraction data of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.15Zn0.05O3−δ (BCZYZn05) revealed a pure orthorhombic structure belonging to the Pbnm space group. Structural and electrochemical analyses indicate highly dense and high proton conductivity at intermediate temperature (400–700 °C). The anode-supported single cell, NiO-BCZYZn05|BCZYZn05|BSCF-BCZYZn05, demonstrates a peak power density of 872 mW cm−2 at 700 °C which is one of the highest power density in an all-protonic solid oxide fuel cell. This observation represents an important step towards commercially viable SOFC technology.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Diabetes Mellitus and Mortality after Acute Coronary Syndrome as a First or Recurrent Cardiovascular Event

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis. However, the risk associated with DM may vary between individuals according to their overall cardiovascular risk burden. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether DM is associated with poor outcome in patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) according to the index episode being a first or recurrent cardiovascular event.We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study involving 2499 consecutively admitted patients with confirmed ACS in 11 UK hospitals during 2003. Usual care was provided for all participants. Demographic factors, co-morbidity and treatment (during admission and at discharge) factors were recorded. The primary outcome was all cause mortality (median 2 year follow up), compared for cohorts with and without DM according to their prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) disease status. Adjusted analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Within the entire cohort, DM was associated with an unadjusted 45% increase in mortality. However, in patients free of a history of CVD, mortality of those with and without DM was similar (18.8% and 19.7% respectively; p = 0.74). In the group with CVD, mortality of patients with DM was significantly higher than those without DM (46.7% and 33.2% respectively; p<0.001). The age and sex adjusted interaction between DM and CVD in predicting mortality was highly significant (p = 0.002) and persisted after accounting for comorbidities and treatment factors (p = 0.006). Of patients free of CVD, DM was associated with smaller elevation of Troponin I (p<0.001). However in patients with pre-existing CVD Troponin I was similar (p = 0.992).DM is only associated with worse outcome after ACS in patients with a pre-existing history of CVD. Differences in the severity of myocyte necrosis may account for this. Further investigation is required, though our findings suggest that aggressive primary prevention of CVD in patients with DM may have beneficially modified their first presentation with (and mortality after) ACS