UTILISATION D’INDICES POUR L’EVALUATION DE LA QUALITE DES SEDIMENTS : CAS DU BASSIN BOUMERZOUG (ALGERIE)

The objectives of this study are to use different indexes to assess the current pollution status in Boumerzoug basin. Indexes used in this study were Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), Contamination Degree (CD) and Sediment Pollution Index (SPI). Before, sediment trace metal concentrations (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc) have been investigated on surface sediments from permanent wadis of Boumerzoug basin in different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Trace metal concentrations followed the order: Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd. Indexes used give several status of sediment quality. Igeo, CF, CD and SPI reveal a polymetallic contamination dominated by two or more elements in which Cd, Cu and Pb are of greatest concern. Igeo gives more precision than CF, because it is classified into six classes. SPI has an advantage over the earlier indexes and viewed as a simple summary of the state of the sediment. However, the trace metal assessment indices are not to be used as the only indicator for sediment quality. More detailed analysis such as biological testing and analysis of existing benthic community related to sediment contamination should be performed for a better understanding about the nature, the fate and the toxic effects of contaminants in this ecosystem

Teneurs Des Éléments Traces Métalliques Cu, Zn Et Pb Des Sédiments Du Barrage Béni Haroun (Nord-Est De l’Algérie)

This paper focuses on evaluating the degree of three metal pollution (Cu, Zn and Pb) in the sediments of Béni Haroun dam, located in northeastern of Algeria. For this reason, the superficial sediments were sampled at five stations, and the samples were taken at different seasons of the year. The results show low Cu and Zn levels which reflect natural conditions in relation to the area of geological nature. It also highlights the presence of Pb contamination (2.29 to 91.86µg/g). This result was also confirmed by various indices, including the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the contamination factor (FC). The Igeo values for Pb show moderate contamination of the Bge2 and Bge3 stations. CF values indicate moderate to considerable contamination for most stations by Pb. However, low or absent of Zn contamination was noted in all stations except for the Bge5. The correlation matrix and the PCA between all metal elements indicates that they were derived from similar sources. The contamination sources would probably establish a significant relationship between runoff and the erosion of agricultural lands. It is therefore an anthropogenic metal pollution related to agricultural activity using fertilizers and pesticides

An Overview of Cyanobacteria Harmful Algal Bloom (CyanoHAB) Issues in Freshwater Ecosystems

This chapter will present an overview of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and biotic and abiotic factors, as well as various aspects associated with these worldwide ecological bursts. The exact causes of the cyanoHABs are still not well defined, but eutrophication and climate change (temperature increase, light intensity variation, etc.) are the two assumed main factors that may promote the proliferation and expansion of cyanobacterial blooms. However, these premises need to be profoundly investigated as the optimal combination of all factors such as increased nutrient loading, physiological characteristics of cyanobacterial species, and climate effects which could lead to the blooming pattern will require robust modeling approaches to predict the phenomena. Negative issues associated with cyanoHABs are diverse including the toxic products (cyanotoxins) released by certain taxa which can damage the health of humans and animal habitats around the related watershed as well as generate a huge water quality problem for aquatic industries

Dynamique Des Eléments Nutritifs Et Du Phytoplancton Dans Le Barrage Béni Haroun Dans l’Est Algérien

In order to monitor the water quality of the Beni Haroun dam, used for the drinking water production, our research work aims to provide new scientific data on the phytoplankton population of the dam. This contribution is a qualitative and quantitative investigation of this important link in the ecosystem equilibrium. To our knowledge, this study has never been the subject of a previous one, despite many works already done on this dam. Water samples were collected monthly from January to December 2015 at five stations, spread over Beni Haroun dam. The exploitation of a database, relating to fourteen physicochemical and biotic variables, made it possible to determine: the spatiotemporal evolution of each variable, the correlations between variables, the annual variability of the algal biomass, the diversity and phytoplankton dominance

Niveau de contamination par les éléments traces métalliques cadmium, cobalt, cuivre et zinc de deux cyprinidés et des sédiments du barrage Koudiet Medouar (Batna, Algérie)

Objectif : Les éléments traces métalliques retiennent l’attention des scientifiques et gestionnaires du fait de leur persistance dans l’environnement et le danger qu’ils présentent pour les écosystèmes aquatiques et la santé humaine. Cette étude porte sur l’évaluation du niveau de contamination par les éléments traces métalliques (cadmium, cobalt, cuivre et zinc) des sédiments et des poissons (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix et Cyprinus carpio) du barrage Koudiet Medouar, situé à 35 km à l’est de Batna. Elle vise à caractériser la variation spatio-temporelle de la contamination, par les éléments traces métalliques (ETM), de deux espèces de cyprinidés utilisées comme bioindicatrices, présentes dans le barrage. Méthodologie et Résultats : Cinq stations de prélèvement ont été choisies sur le pourtour du barrage afin de déterminer les paramètres physico-chimiques de l'eau et des sédiments, ainsi que le niveau de contamination des sédiments de surface et des organes, branchies, foie et muscle, des cyprinidés par le cadmium, le cobalt, le cuivre, et le zinc. Les résultats ont été analysés par les méthodes d’Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) et le modèle linéaire global (MLG). Les sédiments se révèlent légèrement pollués par le cadmium, et les concentrations du zinc dans les deux espèces de poissons excèdent les valeurs standards internationales. Mots clés : eau douce, Cyprinidés, barrage, sédiments, éléments traces métalliques. English Title: Level of contamination by metallic trace elements cadmium, cobalt, copper and zinc from two cyprinids and sediments from the Koudiet Medouar dam (Batna, Algeria) Objective: Heavy metals are a danger for aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study focused on the assessment of heavy metal pollution in the Koudiet Medouar dam, located 35 km east of Batna, using a multi-compartment approach (water-sediment-biota). The aim of the study is to describe the spatiotemporal variation of trace metal contamination (TM) of two cyprinid fish species used as bioindicator, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio living in the dam, in relationship with the sediment contamination. Methodology and results: Five stations around the dam were sampled to determine the physicochemical parameters of water and sediments, and the contamination of surface sediments and cyprinids organs, gills, liver and muscular by cadmium, cobalt, copper and zinc. The sediments were classified as lightly polluted by cadmium however the zinc concentrations in both species exceeded the international standards values. Keywords: freshwater, Cyprinids, dam, sediments, trace metal.

Évaluation du niveau de contamination par les éléments traces métalliques (cadmium, cuivre, nickel et zinc) des sédiments de l’oued Boumerzoug et ses affluents, et leur transfert vers la chénopodiacée spinacia oleracea (L.)

L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la distribution de quatre éléments traces métalliques (ETM), cadmium, cuivre, nickel et zinc, dans les différentes parties anatomiques (racines et feuilles) d’une chénopodiacée Spinacia oleracea (L.), en lien avec le niveau de contamination des sédiments où elle pousse, de l’oued Boumerzoug et ses affluents. Localisé dans le Constantinois au nord-est de l’Algérie, l’oued draine un bassin versant de 1 832 km2 avec ses zones urbaines et industrielles. Cette étude inclut 14 stations, 5 situées sur l’oued Boumerzoug et 9 sur ses affluents, sélectionnées en des lieux stratégiques et échantillonnées cinq fois au mois de mai, septembre et décembre 2016, ainsi qu’en mars et juillet 2017. Les teneurs moyennes des ETM des sédiments sont de 0,44 ± 0,30 mg∙kg-1 (masse sèche) pour Cd, 43,61 ± 36,45 mg∙kg-1 (ms) pour Cu, 35,16 ± 9,85 mg∙kg-1 (ms) pour Ni et 181,33 ± 115,12 mg∙kg-1 (ms) pour Zn. Le transfert des ETM a été étudié chez l’épinard S. oleracea dont les différentes parties accumulent différemment les métaux. Les concentrations des ETM dans les sédiments et la chénopodiacée sont très variables aussi bien dans l’espace que dans le temps. Nos résultats montrent que la chénopodiacée séquestre dans ses racines le Cd, le Cu et le Ni, alors que le Zn est transloqué vers les feuilles. La hiérarchie des teneurs moyennes en métaux dans les épinards (Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd) est similaire à celle des sédiments.The aim of this study is to assess the distribution of four trace metals (TM): cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in roots and leaves of a Chenopodiaceae Spinacia oleracea (L.) in relation to the contamination level of the sediments of the Boumerzoug wadi and its tributaries. Located in the Constantinois in Northeast Algeria, the wadi drains a watershed of 1 832 km2 with its urban and industrial areas. A total of 14 stations, 5 in Boumerzoug wadi and 9 in its tributaries, were selected in strategic points and sampled at five occasions in May, September, and December 2016, as well as in March and July 2017. The mean TM levels in the sediments are 0.44 ± 0.30 mg∙kg-1 (dry weight) for Cd, 43.61 ± 36.45 mg∙kg-1 (dw) for Cu, 35.16 ± 9.85 mg∙kg-1 (dw) for Ni and 181.33 ± 115.1 mg∙kg-1 (dw) for Zn. The transfer of trace metals was studied in spinach. The different parts of S. oleracea accumulate trace metals differently. Trace metals concentrations in the sediments and the chenopodiaceae are highly variable both spatially and temporally. Our results indicate that S. oleracea cοncentrates and sequesters Cd, Cu, and Ni in its roots, whereas Zn is translocated to leaves. The hierarchy of mean TM level in spinach (Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd) is similar to that of sediments

Assessment of freshwater sediment quality: potential ecological risk and ecotoxicity tests as complementary approaches

International audienceThe main objective of this study was to assess the quality of sediments collected from rivers in the Northeast of Algeria. A dual approach, including trace metals assessment as well as ecotoxicity tests (Microtox(R) solid and leachate phase assays), was conducted. Results showed that surface sediments were contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. By using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and potential risk index, we concluded that there was a significant potential risk for benthic fauna. Microtox(R) solid and leachate phase assays showed that sediments with the highest trace metal contents appear to be potentially ecotoxic for Allivibrio fisheri. In this study, in attempting to link chemical characteristics with ecotoxicity test results, we got a trend going in the right direction. Samples with highest metal contents appear to be potentially ecotoxic for A. fisheri. These results suggest the usefulness of a diversity of approaches in sediment quality assessment