Effects of 8-Month Aquatic Training on Bone Mass Density In Post Menopausal Women With Fibromyalgia

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an aquatic training program on bone mass density (BMD) in post- menopausal women with fibromyalgia (FM). Design: Randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN53367487). Settings: Faculty of Sport Science Subjects: Twenty-four postmenopausal women with FM (mean age, 56, SD, 7 years) were randomised to intervention (n=12) or control group (n=12). Interventions: The experimental group received a supervised 8-month aquatic training consisted of three 1-hour sessions per week that included aerobic and strength exercises. Outcome Measures: The BMD of the hip area and lumbar spine was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technique. HRQOL was assessed using EQ-5D and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Data were analysed using analysis of variance adjusted for weight and age. Results: The exercise group improved their scores for EQ-5D time trade-off utility (86%, p=.007; effect size= 0.70) and FIQ (18%, p=.005; effect size= 0.61) while the control did not. The BMD of both groups remained statistically and clinically unchanged (p> .05; effect size < 0.2). Conclusions: The aquatic training was highly effective in improving HRQOL with no adverse effects on the BMD in women with FM. The trend of bone loss was similar to that reported in non-FM untrained women. This type of rehabilitation should be complemented with exercises with higher impact on bone mass like Whole Body Vibration

NOx Storage on BaTi0.8Cu0.2O3 Perovskite Catalysts: Addressing a Feasible Mechanism

The NOx storage mechanism on BaTi0.8Cu0.2O3 catalyst were studied using different techniques. The results obtained by XRD, ATR, TGA and XPS under NOx storage-regeneration conditions revealed that BaO generated on the catalyst by decomposition of Ba2TiO4 plays a key role in the NOx storage process. In situ DRIFTS experiments under NO/O2 and NO/N2 show that nitrites and nitrates are formed on the perovskite during the NOx storage process. Thus, it seems that, as for model NSR catalysts, the NOx storage on BaTi0.8Cu0.2O3 catalyst takes place by both "nitrite" and "nitrate" routes, with the main pathway being highly dependent on the temperature and the time on stream: (i) at T 350 °C, the catalyst activity for NO oxidation promotes NO2 generation and the nitrate formation

Profile of whole body electromyostimulation training users—A pilot study

Introduction: Whole Body Electromyostimulation is a technological and time efficient personal training practiced all over the world. With the increase of practitioners in the last 10 years, the need to study more about practitioners has arisen, so this pilot study aims to trace a user profile of this method through the analysis of socio-demographic data for a better understand of the profile of people looking for this type of training to improve the effectiveness of the intervention and develop programs that are in accordance with the motivation of practitioners. (2) Methods: 270 users from 5 countries answered an online questionnaire with socio-demographic questions. Data were treated using descriptive statistics. Possible differences between sexes and between groups were analyzed by means of non-parametric statistical tests: Mann–Whitney U-test (continuous variables); in addition to studying possible dependence relationships and differences between proportions, using the Chi square statistic with pairwise z-test using the Bonferroni correction (categorical variables). (3) Results: Middle-aged women are the main user of this type of training. The majority of WB-EMS users do another type of physical activity with significant difference between men and woman (p < 0.05) men are more active than women. Weight loss, health and wellness and muscle mass increase are the main goals of the WB-EMS users. There are significant differences in weight loss and rehabilitation between genders (p < 0.05). Women look much more than men to lose weight and men look more than women to rehabilitation. (4) Conclusions: The user profile is a physically active woman, aged 35–49 years, with normal weight and high educational level, who carries out twice weekly full body electrostimulation training with the goals of weight loss, health and/or wellness and muscle mass gain.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Balance training reduces fear of falling and improves dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people: A randomised trial

Question What is the effect of a balance training protocol with the Biodex Balance System in institutionalised older people with fear of falling? Design Randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding. Participants Forty older people who lived in a nursing home and had fear of falling. Intervention The experimental group completed a 12-week balance training protocol based on balancing/rebalancing training with the Biodex Balance System, with two sessions per week. During the training period, participants in both groups received the same multidisciplinary care (such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy and nursing) that they usually received in the nursing home. Outcome measures The primary outcome was fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale International questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were dynamic balance (Fall Risk Test) and isometric strength (torque of knee flexor and extensor isometric strength measured with an isokinetic dynamometer). Outcome measures were taken before and after the training program protocol. Results Compared to the control group, the exercise group had significantly greater improvements at 12 weeks in fear of falling (by 8 points, 95% CI 4 to 12), in dynamic balance (by 2 degrees, 95% CI 1 to 3), and in isometric strength of the knee flexors (by 7 Nm, 95% CI 3 to 11) and knee extensors (by 7 Nm, 95% CI 1 to 13). Conclusion The training program was feasible and effective in reducing fear of falling and improving dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people with fear of falling. Trial registration ISRCTN21695765

Test-Retest Reliability of Kinematic Parameters of Timed Up and Go in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease defined as a state of hyperglycaemia in fasting or postprandial states. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often show reduced physical function, including low levels of strength, balance or mobility. In this regard, the timed up and go (TUG) is a widely used physical fitness test in people with T2DM. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the properties TUG in this population. The present study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of kinetic and kinematic parameters obtained from TUG in the diabetic population with different levels of diabetic neuropathy. A total of 56 patients with T2DM participated in the study. They were divided into three groups according to the vibration threshold: (a) severe neuropathy, (b) moderate neuropathy and (c) normal perception. The TUG was performed using two force platforms to assess kinematic measurements. The results show that both kinetic and kinematic variables had good to excellent reliability. The reliability of TUG was excellent for the whole sample and the groups with non-severe neuropathy. However, it was just good for the group with severe neuropathy

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Therapy in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Literature Review

Objective. To review the literature on the effects of whole-body vibration therapy in patients with fibromyalgia. Design. Systematic literature review. Patients. Patients with fibromyalgia. Methods. An electronic search of the literature in four medical databases was performed to identify studies on whole-body vibration therapy that were published up to the 15th of January 2015. Results. Eight articles satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analysed. According to the Dutch CBO guidelines, all selected trials had a B level of evidence. The main outcomes that were measured were balance, fatigue, disability index, health-related quality of life, and pain.Whole-body vibration appeared to improve the outcomes, especially balance and disability index. Conclusion.Wholebody vibration could be an adequate treatment for fibromyalgia as a main therapy or added to a physical exercise programme as it could improve balance, disability index, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and pain. However, this conclusion must be treated with caution because the paucity of trials and the marked differences between existing trials in terms of protocol, intervention, and measurement tools hampered the comparison of the trials

The effects of whole-body muscle stimulation on body composition and strength parameters: a PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy of whole-body muscle electrostimulation on body composition, strength, and muscle power in active and non-active adults (aged ≥18 years). Method: This review was reported in accordance with the Protocol Statement of Preferred Reporting Element Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis included controlled trials; whole-body electromyostimulation trials with at least 1 exercise and control group; participants >18 years old. Outcome measures were defined as standardized mean differences for muscle mass, body fat mass, strength, and power. Studies were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and EMBASE for all articles published up to July 30, 2021. The risk of bias was assessed by 2 independent researchers using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. Analyses were performed using the metafor package of the statistical software R (version 4.0.3; R Core Team, 2020). Random effects models, forest, and funnel plots to quantify the asymmetry associated with publication bias were fitted using the metafor library in R. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 statistics. Results: In total, 26 studies representing 1183 participants were included (WB-electromyostimulation: n = 586 and control group: n = 597). The mean age of the participants ranged from a minimum of 20.4 to a maximum of 77.4 years old. Interventions lasted a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 54 weeks. Standardized mean difference was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.57) for muscle mass, −0.38 (95% CI: −0.62–0.15) for body fat, 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35–0.72) for strength, and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.02–0.71) for power with significant differences between groups (all P < .04). I 2 revealed low heterogeneity of muscle mass (15%) and power (0%) between trials and medium heterogeneity of body fat (45%) and strength (55%). Conclusion: We concluded that WB-electromyostimulation has significant positive effects on muscle mass, body fat, strength, and power.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Test-Retest Reliability of Isokinetic Knee Strength Measurements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Reliability studies are used to verify the evaluation accuracy of a given device. Strength is an important factor for the development of daily activities and its correct management is fundamental. The objective of this study was to examine the reliability of a concentric strength test in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Twenty-seven individuals with T2DM performed three repetitions of extension-flexion in concentric-concentric action at 60°/s, for both legs, using an isokinetic dynamometer. For the reliability analysis, we performed an intra-session test retest. Results: The total sample and men sub-group intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values were excellent for peak torque and work. In the women sub-group, ICC values were excellent for extensors in both peak torque and work; however, concerning flexor, the ICC values were good for peak torque while, for work, they were good for the right leg and moderate for the left leg. Standard error of measurement (SEM) percentage oscillated from 3.85% to 6.80%, with the smallest real difference (SRD) percentage being from 10.66% to 18.86% for peak torque. Furthermore, the SEM (%) was around 5.5% and SRD (%) was around 15% for work. Conclusions: The isokinetic dynamometry had “good” to “excellent” relative reliability for peak torque (0.862–0.983) and work (0.744–0.982) of extension-flexion in concentric-concentric action at 60°/s. In addition, our study showed that, in general, an SRD < 20% could indicate a true change in strength regarding this protocol in T2DM

Una intervención a través de la web para mejorar y prevenir el dolor lumbar en los trabajadores de oficina: ensayo controlado aleatorizado

Objetivos. Poner a prueba la viabilidad, seguridad y eficacia de una intervención multidisciplinaria a través de la web para los trabajadores de oficina con dolor lumbar inespecífico subagudo. Métodos. Se incluyeron 100 trabajadores de oficina con dolor lumbar subagudo en un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. El grupo de intervención tuvo acceso tanto a la intervención del estudio como a la atención rutinaria. El grupo control sólo tuvo acceso a la atención rutinaria. La atención rutinaria incluye todas las intervenciones no basadas en la web que ofrece el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva de la Universidad de Extremadura. El programa se ofreció a través de la página web del Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Se pidió a los participantes del grupo de intervención que participaran en un programa a través de la web en su lugar de trabajo durante 11 minutos al día, 5 días a la semana. Las variables dependientes principales fueron la incapacidad funcional, medida por el Cuestionario de Discapacidad de Roland-Morris, y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, medida con el Cuestionario Europeo de Calidad de Vida-5 Dimensiones-3 niveles. Las variables dependientes secundarias fueron el número de episodios de dolor lumbar y la resistencia muscular del tronco. Las variables dependientes se midieron antes y después del período de intervención de 9 meses. Resultados. Durante los 9 meses de estudio, la puntuación en el Cuestionario de Discapacidad de Roland-Morris para los participantes en el grupo de intervención a través de la web mejoró una media de -7,36 puntos (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: -8.41, -6.31) en comparación a un empeoramiento de 1,89 puntos (IC95%: 0,71, 2,65) en el grupo control. Durante el periodo de estudio, la diferencia de cambio de puntaje del Cuestionario de Discapacidad de Roland-Morris entre los grupos fue de -9,25 puntos (IC95%: -10.57, -7.89). Del mismo modo, durante los 9 meses de estudio, el grupo de intervención tuvo una mejora significativa en la calidad de vida de 0,24 puntos (IC95%: 0,20, 0,29) en comparación con el grupo de control. Conclusiones. Una intervención a través de la web de 9 meses de duración es viable y eficaz para mejorar la función y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y para reducir los episodios de dolor de espalda entre los trabajadores de oficina con una historia de dolor lumbar no específico subagudo.Objectives. To test the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a web-based multidisciplinary intervention for office workers with subacute, nonspecific low back pain. Methods. The randomized controlled trial included 100 office workers with subacute low back pain. The intervention group had access to both the study intervention and standard care. The control group had access to standard care only. Standard care was defined as all existing non–web-based interventions offered by the University of Extremadura’s Preventive Medicine Service. The web-based programwas offered via the PreventiveMedicine Service website. The participants in the intervention group were asked to engage in the web-based programat their work site for 11minutes each day, 5 days a week. Primary outcomes were functional disability, as measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and health-related quality of life, as measured by the EuropeanQuality of Life-5 Dimensions-3 Levels. Secondary outcomes were the number of episodes of low back pain and trunk muscle endurance. Outcomes were measured before and after the 9-month intervention period. Results. Over the 9-month study, the score on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for the participants in the web-based intervention group improved by a mean of –7.36 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: –8.41, –6.31) compared to a worsening of 1.89 points (95% CI: 0.71, 2.65) in the control group. The between-group difference in change on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire over the study period was –9.25 points (95% CI: –10.57, –7.89). Similarly, over the 9-month study, the intervention group had a significant improvement in quality of life of 0.24 points (95% CI: 0.20, 0.29) compared to the control group. Conclusions. A 9-month web-based intervention is feasible and effective to improve function and health-related quality of life and to decrease episodes of low back pain among office workers with a history of subacute, nonspecific low back pain

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

SummaryBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57·8% (95% CI 56·6–58·8) of global deaths and 41·2% (39·8–42·8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211·8 million [192·7 million to 231·1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148·6 million [134·2 million to 163·1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143·1 million [125·1 million to 163·5 million]), high BMI (120·1 million [83·8 million to 158·4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113·3 million [103·9 million to 123·4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103·1 million [90·8 million to 115·1 million]), high total cholesterol (88·7 million [74·6 million to 105·7 million]), household air pollution (85·6 million [66·7 million to 106·1 million]), alcohol use (85·0 million [77·2 million to 93·0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83·0 million [49·3 million to 127·5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation