Recent strategies to identify broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus

Recent technologies have made it possible to efficiently identify several broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus. With these advances comes a potential new age in influenza virus vaccine development and the possibility of effective, therapeutic immunotherapy

El planteamiento de problemas y la construcción del Teorema de Bayes

Las tareas de resolución y planteamiento de problemas posibilitan indagar sobre aprendizajes específicos de los estudiantes. Plantear un problema significa idear un problema preconcibiendo un plan para su resolución. En la actualidad, sabemos poco de los procesos cognitivos usados por los estudiantes que pueden ser efectivos para plantear problemas de matemáticas. Para dar cuenta de cómo estudiantes universitarios construyen conocimiento relativo al teorema de Bayes cuando realizan tareas de planteamiento de problemas, usamos el modelo de la abstracción en contexto de acciones epistémicas anidadas de Hershkowitz, Schwarz y Dreyfus (2001). Los resultados muestran características distintas en el proceso de construcción del teorema de Bayes que ponen de manifiesto el potencial de las tareas de plantear problemas para desencadenar procesos de abstracción.Problem posing and problem solving are suitable tasks for inquiring into the learning of specific concepts. Posing a problem involves setting up a text for the problem and thinking about a plan to solve it. Currently, we have scarce knowledge about students' effective cognitive process when posing mathematical problems. We have used the theoretical framework of nested epistemic actions (Hershkowitz, Schwarz and Dreyfus, 2001) in order to study how university students built knowledge about Bayes' Theorem when they solve problem posing tasks. We have identified different characteristics in the process of constructing Bayes' Theorem and the potential of posing problem activities to generate the abstraction process

PROCESO TRADUCTOR Y EQUIVALENCIA: COTEJO DE DOS MODELOS TRIFÁSICOS E IMPLICACIONES PARA LA DIDÁCTICA DE LA TRADUCTOLOGÍA

Muchos modelos traductológicos presentan coincidencias estructurales y terminológicas.Cuando un neófito se acerca a la Traductología, no es raro que tales coincidencias entre dos modelos determinados lo lleven a considerar que estos son conmensurables o compatibles. Sin embargo, por debajo de las semejanzas superficiales entre dos modelos cualesquiera, generalmente se articulan postulados diferenciales que eliminan la posibilidad de establecer parangones profundos. A modo ilustrativo, el presente trabajo apunta a caracterizar las similitudes y diferencias entre el Modelo de Tránsito (de Nida y Taber) y el Modelo Interpretativo (de Seleskovitch y Lederer), para luego derivar recomendaciones didácticas sobre cómo abordar la enseñanza de la teoría traductológica con grupos de estudiantes iniciales

Body into Narrative: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Signatures of Action Text Processing After Ecological Motor Training

Available online 8 November 2022Embodied cognition research indicates that sensorimotor training can influence action concept processing. Yet, most studies employ isolated (pseudo)randomized stimuli and require repetitive single-effector responses, thus lacking ecological validity. Moreover, the neural signatures of these effects remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether immersive bodily training can modulate behavioral and functional connectivity correlates of action-verb processing in naturalistic narratives. The study involved three phases. First, in the Pretraining phase, 32 healthy persons listened to an action text (rich in movement descriptions) and a non-action text (focused on its characters’ perceptual and mental processes), completed comprehension questionnaires, and underwent resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Second, in the four-day Training phase, half the participants completed an exergaming intervention (eliciting full-body movements for 60 min a day) while the remaining half played static videogames (requiring no bodily engagement other than button presses). Finally, in the Post-training phase, all participants repeated the Pre-training protocol with different action and non-action texts and a new EEG session. We found that exergaming selectively reduced action-verb outcomes and frontoposterior functional connectivity in the motor-sensitive 10–20 Hz range, both patterns being positively correlated. Conversely, static videogame playing yielded no specific effect on any linguistic category and did not modulate functional connectivity. Together, these findings suggest that action-verb processing and key neural correlates can be focally influenced by full-body motor training in a highly ecological setting. Our study illuminates the role of situated experience and sensorimotor circuits in action-concept processing, addressing calls for naturalistic insights on language embodimentSabrina Cervetto acknowledges the support of Centro Interdisciplinario en Cognición para la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje and Centro de Investigación Básica en Psicología. Lucía Amoruso is supported with funding from the European Commission (H2020-MSCA-IF-GF- 2020; Grant 101025814), Ikerbasque Foundation, and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Plan Nacional RTI2018- 096216-A-I00. Adolfo García is an Atlantic Fellow at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) and is supported with funding from GBHI, Alzheimer’s Association, and Alzheimer’s Society (Alzheimer’s Association GBHI ALZ UK-22-865742); ANID, FONDECYT Regular (1210176); and Programa Interdisciplinario de Investigación Experimental en Comunicación y Cognición (PIIECC), Facultad de Humanidades, USACH

ISG15 is counteracted by vaccinia virus E3 protein and controls the proinflammatory response against viral infection

Conjugation of ISG15 inhibits replication of several viruses. Here, using an expression system for assaying human and mouse ISG15 conjugations (ISGylations), we have demonstrated that vaccinia virus E3 protein binds and antagonizes human and mouse ISG15 modification. To study ISGylation importance in poxvirus infection, we used a mouse model that expresses deconjugating proteases. Our results indicate that ISGylation restricts in vitro replication of the vaccinia virus VV E3L mutant but unconjugated ISG15 is crucial to counteract the inflammatory response produced after VV E3L infectionThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health, FIS2011-00127, and UAM-Banco de Santander to S.G. and was also partly supported by NIAID grant U19AI083025 to A.G.-

Resurgence of minor pests following the implementation of mating disruption against Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Sherry vineyards (Spain)

The implementation of the mating disruption technique against the grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Sherry vineyards (Andalusia, South-western Spain) reduced the number of chemical treatments required to manage this serious pest. In order to verify the long term consequences of this type of management on the minor pests of vineyards, a study was carried out over nine years to compare the population levels of four phytophagous insect species (Altica ampelophaga, Planococcus citri, Jacobiasca lybica, Aphis gossypii) in plots where L. botrana was managed with conventional chemical treatments or using mating disruption. Field data on secondary pests were collected on randomly chosen vines at different times on different plant organs such as leaves, shoots and bunches, depending on the type of pest, according to the ATRIA procedure (Andalusian IPM procedure). Results showed a significant increase of grapevine infestation by all four secondary pest species in the plots managed with grape berry moth mating disruption. These findings represented a limitation for the implementation of this technique in Andalusian vineyardsWe want to thank J. L. Jiménez García, Academia de San Dionisio de Ciencias, Artes y Letras of Jerez de la Frontera; J. Alcón González, Servicio de Protección de los Vegetales of Jerez de la Frontera and AECOVI JERE

Influence of metacognitive variables on paranoid ideation

Based on the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, the aim of the present correlational study is to investigate whether metacognitive variables have any influence on paranoid ideation in non-clinical subjects. For this purpose, a battery of tests was administered to 148 participants in an attempt to identify the type of metacognitive beliefs that characterized them and to measure their levels of paranoid ideation and trait anxiety. The results show that, once the subject’s level of anxiety is controlled, loss of cognitive confidence is the only metacognitive variable that predicts subjects’ scores in paranoid ideation. Without this statistical control of trait anxiety, the regression equation would include two more metacognitive factors related to uncontrollability and danger of thoughts and positive beliefs about worry. These results are discussed in the light of recent contributions supporting the extension of models already consolidated in the field of emotional disorders, as the S-REF model, to that of psychotic symptoms.Con base en el modelo conocido como “Self-Regulatory Executive Function” (S-REF) el presente estudio correlacional pretende averiguar si las variables metacognitivas tienen alguna influencia sobre la ideación paranoide en sujetos no-clínicos. Con este fin se administró una batería de tests a 148 participantes dirigida a indagar el tipo de creencias metacognitivas por el que se caracterizaban así como su nivel de ideación paranoide y su nivel de ansiedad-rasgo. Los resultados muestran que, una vez controlado el nivel de ansiedad de los sujetos, la pérdida de la confianza cognitiva es la única variable metacognitiva que predice la puntuación de los sujetos en ideación paranoide. De no efectuarse este control estadístico de la ansiedad-rasgo, se incluirían en la ecuación de regresión dos factores metacognitivos más relativos a la incontrolabilidad y peligro de los pensamientos y a las creencias positivas sobre la preocupación. Estos resultados son discutidos a la luz de recientes aportaciones favorables a la extensión de modelos ya consolidados en el campo de los trastornos emocionales, como el modelo S-REF, a los síntomas psicóticos.Com base no modelo conhecido por “Função Executiva de Auto-regulação” (S-REF) o presente estudo correlacional pretende averiguar se as variáveis metacognitivas têm alguma influência sobre a ideação paranoide em sujeitos não clínicos. Com este fim, administrou-se uma bateria de testes a 148 participantes destinada a questionar o tipo de crenças metacognitivas pelas quais se caracterizavam, assim como o seu nível de ideação paranoide e o seu nível de ansiedade-traço. Os resultados mostram que, uma vez controlado o nível de ansiedade dos sujeitos, a perda de confiança cognitiva é a única variável metacognitiva que prediz a pontuação dos sujeitos em ideação paranoide. Sem se efectuar este controlo estadístico da ansiedade-traço, incluíram-se na equação de regressão dois factores metacognitivos mais relativos à incontrolabilidade e perigo dos pensamentos e às crenças positivas sobre a preocupação. Estes resultados são discutidos à luz de recentes contribuições favoráveis à extensão de modelos já consolidados no campo das perturbações emocionais, como o modelo S-REF, aos sintomas psicóticos.This work was carried out within framework of Research Grnat MCT-02-BSO-01173, whose principal researcher is Marino Pérez-Álvarez

The embodied penman: Effector-specific motor-language integration during handwriting

Several studies have yielded fine-grained insights on the embodied dynamics of language by revealing how processing of manual action verbs (MaVs) affects the programming or execution of concurrent hand movements. However, virtually all extant studies have relied on highly contrived dual tasks in which independent motoric and linguistic processes are arbitrarily related. To circumvent potential attentional confounds, we conducted the first assessment of motor-language integration during handwriting, an early acquired skill that necessarily integrates both types of processes. Using a digital pen, participants copied carefully matched MaVs, non-manual action verbs, and non-action verbs as we collected measures of motor programming (the time needed to start the writing routine after verb presentation) and motor execution (the time needed to write the whole verb). Whereas motor programming latencies were similar across conditions, the unfolding of motor routines was faster for MaVs than for the other two categories, irrespective of the subjects’ daily writing time. Moreover, this effect remained consistent regardless of whether word meanings were accessed implicitly or explicitly. In line with the Hand-Action-Network Dynamic Language Embodiment (HANDLE) model, such findings suggest that everyday manual movements can be primed by effector-congruent verbs, even in a highly automatized task that seamlessly combines linguistic and motoric processes. In addition, this effect differs from that observed for MaVs in a previous (keyboard-based) typing experiment, suggesting that language-induced sensorimotor resonance during writing depends on the motoric particularities of each production modality. More generally, our paradigm opens new avenues for fine-grained explorations of embodied language processes