34 research outputs found

    Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in the Community: High Homology of SCCmec IVa between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Major Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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    Background. Data on community spread of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are scarce. We assessed their potential role as a reservoir of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVa, the leading SCCmec subtype in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Methods. Nasal carriage of MR-CoNS was prospectively investigated in 291 adults at hospital admission. MR-CoNS were characterized by SCCmec typing, long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SCCmec IV, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains. Three SCCmec IVa elements were fully sequenced. Results. The carriage rate of MR-CoNS was 19.2% (25.9% and 16.5% in patients with and patients without previous exposure to the health care system, respectively; P = .09). MR-CoNS strains (n=83, including 58 MRSE strains with highly heterogeneous MLVA patterns) carried SCCmec type IVa (n=9, all MRSE), other SCCmec IV subtypes (n=9, including 7 MRSE), other SCCmec types (n=15), and nontypeable SCCmec (n=50). Long-range PCR indicated structural homology between SCCmec IV in MRSE and that in MRSA. Complete sequences of SCCmec IVa from 3 MRSE strains were highly homologous to those available for CA-MRSA, including major clones USA300 and USA400. Conclusions. MR-CoNS are probably disseminated in the community, notably in subjects without previous exposure to the health care system. MRSE, the most prevalent species, may act as a reservoir of SCCmec IVa for CA-MRS

    Link between Intestinal CD36 Ligand Binding and Satiety Induced by a High Protein Diet in Mice

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    CD36 is a ubiquitous membrane glycoprotein that binds long-chain fatty acids. The presence of a functional CD36 is required for the induction of satiety by a lipid load and its role as a lipid receptor driving cellular signal has recently been demonstrated. Our project aimed to further explore the role of intestinal CD36 in the regulation of food intake. Duodenal infusions of vehicle or sulfo-N-succinimidyl-oleate (SSO) was performed prior to acute infusions of saline or Intralipid (IL) in mice. Infusion of minute quantities of IL induced a decrease in food intake (FI) compared to saline. Infusion of SSO had the same effect but no additive inhibitory effect was observed in presence of IL. No IL- or SSO-mediated satiety occurred in CD36-null mice. To determine whether the CD36-mediated hypophagic effect of lipids was maintained in animals fed a satietogen diet, mice were subjected to a High-Protein diet (HPD). Concomitantly with the satiety effect, a rise in intestinal CD36 gene expression was observed. No satiety effect occurred in CD36-null mice. HPD-fed WT mice showed a diminished FI compared to control mice, after saline duodenal infusion. But there was no further decrease after lipid infusion. The lipid-induced decrease in FI observed on control mice was accompanied by a rise in jejunal oleylethanolamide (OEA). Its level was higher in HPD-fed mice than in controls after saline infusion and was not changed by lipids. Overall, we demonstrate that lipid binding to intestinal CD36 is sufficient to produce a satiety effect. Moreover, it could participate in the satiety effect induced by HPD. Intestine can modulate FI by several mechanisms including an increase in OEA production and CD36 gene expression. Furthermore, intestine of mice adapted to HPD have a diminished capacity to modulate their food intake in response to dietary lipids

    MĂ©dias et journalisme

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    3e Ă©dition revue et complĂ©tĂ©e - ConfĂ©rence permanente des directeurs·trices des unitĂ©s de recherche en sciences de l’information et de la communication (CPDirSIC)International audienceLes recherches sur les mĂ©dias et le journalisme abordent des questions Ă  fort enjeu social et politique. Elles visent Ă  rendre intelligible la fabrique desdiscours publics, mĂ©diatiques et politiques, dont ceux touchant, par exemple, Ă  l’environnement, Ă  la santĂ©, Ă  l’égalitĂ© et aux inĂ©galitĂ©s, aux usages desdata, aux violences, aux migrations. Qu’il soit question de la mĂ©diatisation du terrorisme ou du rĂŽle des journalistes face Ă  la terreur, des risques industriels, climatiques, sanitaires, de l’influence des discours sur les rĂ©seaux sociaux et, plus largement, de l’internet dans la construction des dĂ©bats publics, sociaux et politiques, les recherches sur le journalisme et les mĂ©dias permettent de comprendre les processus professionnels et communicationnels qui forgent les reprĂ©sentations communes, les repĂšres sociaux et politiques qui configurent les Ă©vĂ©nements, contribuent Ă  la formation d’espaces publics pluriels et dĂ©finissent des arĂšnes dans lesquelles les acteurs de la dĂ©mocratie ont Ă  prendre position

    Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in the Community: High Homology of SCCmec IVa between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Major Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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    Background. Data on community spread of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are scarce. We assessed their potential role as a reservoir of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVa, the leading SCCmec subtype in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Methods. Nasal carriage of MR-CoNS was prospectively investigated in 291 adults at hospital admission. MR-CoNS were characterized by SCCmec typing, long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SCCmec IV, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains. Three SCCmec IVa elements were fully sequenced. Results. The carriage rate of MR-CoNS was 19.2% (25.9% and 16.5% in patients with and patients without previous exposure to the health care system, respectively; P = .09). MR-CoNS strains (n=83, including 58 MRSE strains with highly heterogeneous MLVA patterns) carried SCCmec type IVa (n=9, all MRSE), other SCCmec IV subtypes (n=9, including 7 MRSE), other SCCmec types (n=15), and nontypeable SCCmec (n=50). Long-range PCR indicated structural homology between SCCmec IV in MRSE and that in MRSA. Complete sequences of SCCmec IVa from 3 MRSE strains were highly homologous to those available for CA-MRSA, including major clones USA300 and USA400. Conclusions. MR-CoNS are probably disseminated in the community, notably in subjects without previous exposure to the health care system. MRSE, the most prevalent species, may act as a reservoir of SCCmec IVa for CA-MRSA

    Analyse et synthÚse des expérimentations et actions de restauration écologique réalisées sur sites miniers en Nouvelle-Calédonie depuis 30 ans. SynthÚse et recommandations

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    - Le prĂ©sent document « SynthĂšse et recommandations » rĂ©sume dans une premiĂšre partie les travaux et les principaux enseignements issus du programme Recosynth ainsi que la dĂ©marche qui a abouti Ă  la proposition d’un indicateur global de rĂ©ussite d’une opĂ©ration de restauration Ă©cologique.- Il propose dans une seconde partie des recommandations pour le suivi de la rĂ©ussite de la restauration Ă©cologique, basĂ©es sur les rĂ©sultats du programme Recosynth et sur les connaissances « Ă  dire d’experts » des membres de l’équipe scientifique.- Le programme « Recosynth, analyse et synthĂšse des expĂ©rimentations et actions de restauration Ă©cologique rĂ©alisĂ©es sur sites miniers en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie depuis 30 ans » avait pour objectifs de mettre en Ă©vidence les pratiques, techniques et conditions favorables Ă  une bonne restauration Ă©cologique de ces milieux, d'Ă©mettre des recommandations pour optimiser les possibilitĂ©s d’évolution vers un Ă©tat de maquis Ă©quilibrĂ© et d'orienter les recherches restant Ă  mener pour complĂ©ter les connaissances dans ce domaine. Il visait Ă©galement la mise au point d’indicateurs de rĂ©ussite de la restauration Ă©cologique basĂ©s sur les rĂ©sultats obtenus. - Les nombreuses informations et donnĂ©es produites dans le cadre de ce programme ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©es dans une base spĂ©cialement dĂ©diĂ©e (BDD Recosynth) avant d’ĂȘtre traitĂ©es par diverses mĂ©thodes statistiques complĂ©tĂ©es par des comparaisons directes. Un indicateur synthĂ©tique de rĂ©ussite de la restauration Ă©cologique, associĂ© Ă  une interface web : IndicRest (indicateur de restauration), est proposĂ© pour l’évaluation des opĂ©rations de restauration Ă©cologique

    Analyse et synthÚse des expérimentations et actions de restauration écologique réalisées sur sites miniers en Nouvelle-Calédonie depuis 30 ans. Rapport scientifique final.

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    - Le programme « Recosynth, analyse et synthĂšse des expĂ©rimentations et actions de restauration Ă©cologique rĂ©alisĂ©es sur sites miniers en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie depuis 30 ans » avait pour objectifs de mettre en Ă©vidence les pratiques, techniques et conditions favorables Ă  une bonne restauration Ă©cologique de ces milieux, d'Ă©mettre des recommandations pour optimiser les possibilitĂ©s d’évolution vers un Ă©tat de maquis Ă©quilibrĂ© et d'orienter les recherches restant Ă  mener pour complĂ©ter les connaissances dans ce domaine. Il visait Ă©galement la mise au point d’indicateurs de rĂ©ussite de la restauration Ă©cologique basĂ©s sur les rĂ©sultats obtenus. - Les nombreuses informations et donnĂ©es produites dans le cadre de ce programme ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©es dans une base spĂ©cialement dĂ©diĂ©e (BDD Recosynth) avant d’ĂȘtre traitĂ©es par diverses mĂ©thodes statistiques complĂ©tĂ©es par des comparaisons directes. Un indicateur synthĂ©tique de rĂ©ussite de la restauration Ă©cologique, associĂ© Ă  une interface web : IndicRest (indicateur de restauration), est proposĂ© pour l’évaluation des opĂ©rations de restauration Ă©cologique

    Incorporation of apolipoprotein E into HBV–HCV subviral envelope particles to improve the hepatitis vaccine strategy

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    International audienceAbstract Hepatitis C is a major threat to public health for which an effective treatment is available, but a prophylactic vaccine is still needed to control this disease. We designed a vaccine based on chimeric HBV–HCV envelope proteins forming subviral particles (SVPs) that induce neutralizing antibodies against HCV in vitro. Here, we aimed to increase the neutralizing potential of those antibodies, by using HBV–HCV SVPs bearing apolipoprotein E (apoE). These particles were produced by cultured stable mammalian cell clones, purified and characterized. We found that apoE was able to interact with both chimeric HBV–HCV (E1-S and E2-S) proteins, and with the wild-type HBV S protein. ApoE was also detected on the surface of purified SVPs and improved the folding of HCV envelope proteins, but its presence lowered the incorporation of E2-S protein. Immunization of New Zealand rabbits resulted in similar anti-S responses for all rabbits, whereas anti-E1/-E2 antibody titers varied according to the presence or absence of apoE. Regarding the neutralizing potential of these anti-E1/-E2 antibodies, it was higher in rabbits immunized with apoE-bearing particles. In conclusion, the association of apoE with HCV envelope proteins may be a good strategy for improving HCV vaccines based on viral envelope proteins
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