Revenge of the spoken word? : Writing, performance, and new media in urban West Africa

Why would any verbal artists bother to strongly identify themselves as writers when their own works circulate exclusively in a performative mode? Why would they bother to identify with writing in settings where literacy levels are low, traditional orality remains widespread, and electronically mediated forms of orality are fairly accessible? In short, what kind of significance could writing have for composers of creative texts as electronically mediated performance becomes more widespread? These are the questions that I wish to address in this article.Not

The Development of Radio Broadcasting in Nigeria, West Africa

The purpose of this study is to set forth the history of radio in Nigeria. Chapters explore the history of Nigeria, the history of Nigerian radio, and the present structure of Nigerian radio. In a final chapter, specific historical factors are isolated that have made Nigerian radio what it is today. The study concludes that the present structure of Nigerian radio is a direct product of the peculiar history of Nigeria as a former British Colony. Little can be done to solve the problems of Nigerian radio unless the problems of Nigeria itself are first solved

Index numbers

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1966 A22

Intercultural ethics: questions of methods in language and intercultural communication

This paper explores how questions of ethics and questions of method are intertwined and unavoidable in any serious study of language and intercultural communication. It argues that the focus on difference and solution orientations to intercultural conflict has been a fundamental driver for theory, data collection and methods in the field. These approaches, the paper argues, have created a considerable consciousness raising industry, with methods, trainings and ‘critical incidents’, which ultimately focus intellectual energy in areas which may be productive in terms of courses and publications but which have a problematic basis in their ethical terrain. Dieser Artikel untersucht wie ethische und methodische Fragen nicht nur ineinander greifen, sondern in keiner ernstzunehmenden Studie ueber Sprache und interkulturelle Kommunikation ausgelassen werden duerfen. Es wird hier argumentiert, dass der Schwerpunkt auf Verschiedenheit und Problemorientierung im interkulturellen Konflikt einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf theoretische Entwicklungen, Datenerhebung und Methoden in diesem Bereich hatte. Dieser Artikel legt auch dar, wie diese Ansaetze eine betraechtliche ‘Bewusstseinsbildungs – Branche' erzeugt haben, mit Methoden, Trainings, und ‘kritischen Interaktionssituationen’, welche letztendlich allen intellektuellen Arbeitseifer auf Bereiche konzentriert hat, die zwar ertragreich sind in Bezug auf Kurse und Publikationen, jedoch eine problematische Grundlage im ethischen Bereich aufweisen

Nairobi-based middle class filmmakers and the production and circulation of transnational cinema

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Filmmakers in Nairobi are embedded within transnational circuits of cinematic production and distribution. Many make use of Euro-American funding to make their films and seek to show their films in prestigious festivals outside Africa, but in so doing they are critiqued by scholars and critics who worry that the involvement of outsiders in African cinema curtails filmmakers’ creative freedom. This sort of criticism does not account for the fact that Euro-American audiences and filmmakers from elsewhere might share a common taste in stories. Based on an eight month period of research in Nairobi in 2014-2015 where I conducted 31 expert interviews with 27 filmmakers, I argue Nairobi-based filmmakers are members of a transnational middle class, with transnational experiences and tastes, and that accounting for this leads to new understandings of the production and circulation of their films and African film more broadly

Assessment of E-waste Management in Lagos, Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities

reservedThe technological advancements in the field of electrical and electronic equipment lead to the rapid increase in the obsolescence rate of these devices and the generation of electronic waste (e-waste) both in developing and developing countries. The importation of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE)—which quickly ends up in waste— into developing countries is still a trend. Although importing and exporting e-waste into Nigeria is illegal according to the United Nations Basel Convention since 2002, the regulation is compromised by loopholes exploited by parties benefitting economically from the waste trade. These loopholes include the UEEE importation and the weak e-waste import enforcement regime. This problem of e-waste is worsened by a limited awareness and limited facilities for disposal methods of e-waste. The improper recycling disposal and unregulated accumulation of e-waste too have ramifications on human health and the environment at large. The improper disposal of e-waste whose major of its component is classified as hazardous waste has led to some major health implications for both children and adults. The informal sector plays a major role in the collection, dismantling and disposal of e-waste. The improper recycling and unregulated accumulation of e-waste too have ramifications on human health, the economy, and the environment at large. However, e-waste is also an asset as metals and plastics account for around 75 wt% of e-waste and provide an opportunity for resource recovery. Therefore, there is a need to find a sustainable solution for resource recovery and the sound management of e-waste. Hence, this review focuses on the current technologies from the aspect of e-waste management and resource recovery i.e. chemical conversion of e-waste plastic to valuable products as well as energy generation and metal recovery from e-waste using biometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches. This review covers various technologies such as pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, gasification, and supercritical fluids to recycle e-waste plastic. In addition, the recovery of metals using hydrometallurgical technologies such as cyanide, thiosulfate, thiourea, and acid leaching has also been discussed. This review considers the environment-friendly approach, economic value, and recycling efficiency of the process as important parameters for e-waste recycling. However, not all of the methods are implementable in developing countries like Nigeria because of the challenges associated with the implementation of the technology on an industrial scale, cost of operation and maintenance of technology, the energy consumption, environmental friendliness, recycling efficiency, possibility to become continuous practice and simplicity of the technology. The review suggested further research on more appropriate technologies for material recovery. Keywords: e-waste, informal sector, recycling biometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, pyrolysis, gasification, and supercritical fluids.The technological advancements in the field of electrical and electronic equipment lead to the rapid increase in the obsolescence rate of these devices and the generation of electronic waste (e-waste) both in developing and developing countries. The importation of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE)—which quickly ends up in waste— into developing countries is still a trend. Although importing and exporting e-waste into Nigeria is illegal according to the United Nations Basel Convention since 2002, the regulation is compromised by loopholes exploited by parties benefitting economically from the waste trade. These loopholes include the UEEE importation and the weak e-waste import enforcement regime. This problem of e-waste is worsened by a limited awareness and limited facilities for disposal methods of e-waste. The improper recycling disposal and unregulated accumulation of e-waste too have ramifications on human health and the environment at large. The improper disposal of e-waste whose major of its component is classified as hazardous waste has led to some major health implications for both children and adults. The informal sector plays a major role in the collection, dismantling and disposal of e-waste. The improper recycling and unregulated accumulation of e-waste too have ramifications on human health, the economy, and the environment at large. However, e-waste is also an asset as metals and plastics account for around 75 wt% of e-waste and provide an opportunity for resource recovery. Therefore, there is a need to find a sustainable solution for resource recovery and the sound management of e-waste. Hence, this review focuses on the current technologies from the aspect of e-waste management and resource recovery i.e. chemical conversion of e-waste plastic to valuable products as well as energy generation and metal recovery from e-waste using biometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches. This review covers various technologies such as pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, gasification, and supercritical fluids to recycle e-waste plastic. In addition, the recovery of metals using hydrometallurgical technologies such as cyanide, thiosulfate, thiourea, and acid leaching has also been discussed. This review considers the environment-friendly approach, economic value, and recycling efficiency of the process as important parameters for e-waste recycling. However, not all of the methods are implementable in developing countries like Nigeria because of the challenges associated with the implementation of the technology on an industrial scale, cost of operation and maintenance of technology, the energy consumption, environmental friendliness, recycling efficiency, possibility to become continuous practice and simplicity of the technology. The review suggested further research on more appropriate technologies for material recovery. Keywords: e-waste, informal sector, recycling biometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, pyrolysis, gasification, and supercritical fluids