2,071 research outputs found
Isospectral Flow and Liouville-Arnold Integration in Loop Algebras
A number of examples of Hamiltonian systems that are integrable by classical
means are cast within the framework of isospectral flows in loop algebras.
These include: the Neumann oscillator, the cubically nonlinear Schr\"odinger
systems and the sine-Gordon equation. Each system has an associated invariant
spectral curve and may be integrated via the Liouville-Arnold technique. The
linearizing map is the Abel map to the associated Jacobi variety, which is
deduced through separation of variables in hyperellipsoidal coordinates. More
generally, a family of moment maps is derived, identifying certain finite
dimensional symplectic manifolds with rational coadjoint orbits of loop
algebras. Integrable Hamiltonians are obtained by restriction of elements of
the ring of spectral invariants to the image of these moment maps. The
isospectral property follows from the Adler-Kostant-Symes theorem, and gives
rise to invariant spectral curves. {\it Spectral Darboux coordinates} are
introduced on rational coadjoint orbits, generalizing the hyperellipsoidal
coordinates to higher rank cases. Applying the Liouville-Arnold integration
technique, the Liouville generating function is expressed in completely
separated form as an abelian integral, implying the Abel map linearization in
the general case.Comment: 42 pages, 2 Figures, 1 Table. Lectures presented at the VIIIth
Scheveningen Conference, held at Wassenaar, the Netherlands, Aug. 16-21, 199
Proton Spin Content From Lattice QCD
We calculate the form factor of the quark energy momentum tensor and thereby
extract the quark orbital angular momentum of the nucleon. The calculation is
done on a quenched lattice at and with Wilson
fermions at = 0.148, 0.152, 0.154 and 0.155. We calculate the
disconnected insertion stochastically which employs the noise with an
unbiased subtraction. This proves to be an efficient method of reduce the error
from the noise. We find that the total quark contribution to the proton spin is
. From this we deduce that the quark orbital angular momentum is
and predict the gluon spin to be , i.e. about
40% of the proton spin is due to the glue.Comment: LATTICE99(Matrix Elements), 3 pages, 3 figure
Electroproduction of Charmonia off Nuclei
In a recent publication we have calculated elastic charmonium production in
ep collisions employing realistic charmonia wave functions and dipole cross
sections and have found good agreement with the data in a wide range of s and
Q^2. Using the ingredients from those calculations we calculate exclusive
electroproduction of charmonia off nuclei. Here new effects become important,
(i) color filtering of the c-cbar pair on its trajectory through nuclear
matter, (ii) dependence on the finite lifetime of the c-cbar fluctuation
(coherence length) and (iii) gluon shadowing in a nucleus compared to the one
in a nucleon. Total coherent and incoherent cross sections for C, Cu and Pb as
functions of s and Q^2 are presented together with some differential cross
sections. The results can be tested with future electron-nucleus colliders or
in peripheral collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy ions.Comment: 21 pages of Latex including 14 figures; few misprints are fixe
Flavor Singlet Axial Vector Coupling of the Proton with Dynamical Wilson Fermions
We present the results of a full QCD lattice calculation of the flavor
singlet axial vector coupling of the proton. The simulation has been
carried out on a lattice at with dynamical
Wilson fermions. It turns out that the statistical quality of the connected
contribution to is excellent, whereas the disconnected part is
accessible but suffers from large statistical fluctuations. Using a 1st order
tadpole improved renormalization constant , we estimate .Comment: 13 pages, 5 eps figures, minor changes to text and citation
Habitat-dependent outdoor recreation and conservation organizations can enable recreational fishers to contribute to conservation of coastal marine ecosystems
Stakeholder engagement is essential to conserve ecosystems and associated biodiversity. Outdoor recreation specialists represent stakeholder groups that often rely on specific healthy ecosystems and have unique incentives to contribute to conservation and stewardship. We introduce the concept of habitat-dependent outdoor recreation conservation organizations (HDORCOs) and their potential to harness outdoor recreation enthusiasm to achieve ecosystem-scale conservation objectives. We identify potential roles for HDORCOs in nurturing pro-environmental attitudes and facilitating stewardship behavior among recreationists, focusing on examples from recreational fishing specialists and coastal marine ecosystems. While HDORCOs have achieved conservation outcomes in a range of settings, transferability across recreational specializations and ecological, cultural, socioeconomic, and governance contexts could remain challenging and potentially requires further development of the HDORCO concept. Communication with HDORCOs is one strategy to enhance engagement of recreationists, stakeholder groups not traditionally associated with pro-environmental behavior, in ecosystem-scale conservation efforts
Property A and CAT(0) cube complexes
Property A is a non-equivariant analogue of amenability defined for metric spaces. Euclidean spaces and trees are examples of spaces with Property A. Simultaneously generalising these facts, we show that finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes have Property A. We do not assume that the complex is locally finite. We also prove that given a discrete group acting properly on a finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex the stabilisers of vertices at infinity are amenable
Microbiological assessment and evaluation of rehydration instructions on powdered infant formulas, follow-up formulas, and infant foods in Malaysia
A total of 90 samples comprised of powdered infant formulas (51), follow-up formulas (21) and infant foods (18) from 15 domestic and imported brands were purchased from various retailers in Klang Valley, Malaysia and evaluated in terms of microbiological quality and the similarity of rehydration instructions on the product label to guidelines set by the World Health Organization. Microbiological analysis included the determination of aerobic plate count (APC) and the presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter spp. Isolates of interest were identified using ID 32E (bioMerieux®). In this study 87% of powdered infant formulas, follow-up formulas and infant foods analyzed had aerobic plate counts below the permitted level of 70°C for formula preparation as specified by the 2008 revised World Health Organization guidelines. Six brands instructed the use of water at 40-55°C, a temperature range which would support the survival and even growth of Enterobacteriaceae
Eccentricities of Planets in Binary Systems
The most puzzling property of the extrasolar planets discovered by recent
radial velocity surveys is their high orbital eccentricities, which are very
difficult to explain within our current theoretical paradigm for planet
formation. Current data reveal that at least 25% of these planets, including
some with particularly high eccentricities, are orbiting a component of a
binary star system. The presence of a distant companion can cause significant
secular perturbations in the orbit of a planet. At high relative inclinations,
large-amplitude, periodic eccentricity perturbations can occur. These are known
as "Kozai cycles" and their amplitude is purely dependent on the relative
orbital inclination. Assuming that every planet host star also has a (possibly
unseen, e.g., substellar) distant companion, with reasonable distributions of
orbital parameters and masses, we determine the resulting eccentricity
distribution of planets and compare it to observations? We find that
perturbations from a binary companion always appear to produce an excess of
planets with both very high (e>0.6) and very low (e<0.1) eccentricities. The
paucity of near-circular orbits in the observed sample implies that at least
one additional mechanism must be increasing eccentricities. On the other hand,
the overproduction of very high eccentricities observed in our models could be
combined with plausible circularization mechanisms (e.g., friction from
residual gas) to create more planets with intermediate eccentricities
(e=0.1-0.6).Comment: 8 pages, to appear in "Close Binaries in the 21st Century: New
Opportunities and Challenges", ed. A. Gimenez et al. (Springer
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