Nueva metodología docente en el Derecho Procesal

La entrada al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior supone una modificación en las metodologías docentes que, tradicionalmente, se han utilizado en el sistema educativo español hasta la actualidad, donde mayoritariamente las lecciones se efectuaban mediante clases magistrales, con las que, la interacción profesor- alumno era, en muchas ocasiones, insuficiente. Este sistema metodológico es modificado por nuevas opciones de aprendizaje que favorecen una mayor interacción entre profesor y estudiante. Los nuevos métodos docentes deben permitir aumentar la eficacia en los procesos de formación de los titulados, pretendiendo lograr, de este modo, la armonización europea en cuanto a la formación superior. Uno de los principales objetivos que se pretenden conseguir con la utilización de estas metodologías se concreta en una mayor participación del alumno en el proceso de aprendizaje, que facilite la adquisición e interiorización de los conocimientos exigidos en cada materia. De esta forma, el estudiante debe adoptar un papel más activo durante sus estudios y, en especial, en su asistencia a las aulas de nuestras Universidades. El aprendizaje por módulos se configura como una alternativa metodológica que pretende estimular la creatividad del alumno, dejando que se enfrente al estudio directamente, y sea él quien analice los textos normativos, doctrinales y jurisprudenciales, y sea capaz de buscar la información necesaria para resolver problemas y redactar documentos jurídicos, asegurando que los alumnos se incorporen al mercado laboral con unas aptitudes y habilidades propias en las materias que han estudiado durante su educación superior. Fruto de esta nueva forma de enseñar- aprender, el estudiante a través de la adquisición de competencias y habilidades, puede ser evaluado de forma continua durante todo el curso académico por el docente, que de forma periódica y progresiva, examina el nivel de comprensión por parte de alumno en relación a las materias analizadas en clase

Proposed experiment to test the bounds of quantum correlations

Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality can give values between the classical bound, 2, and Tsirelson's bound, 2 \sqrt 2. However, for a given set of local observables, there are values in this range which no quantum state can attain. We provide the analytical expression for the corresponding bound for a parametrization of the local observables introduced by Filipp and Svozil, and describe how to experimentally trace it using a source of singlet states. Such an experiment will be useful to identify the origin of the experimental errors in Bell's inequality-type experiments and could be modified to detect hypothetical correlations beyond those predicted by quantum mechanics.Comment: REVTeX4, 4 pages, 2 figure

How much larger quantum correlations are than classical ones

Considering as distance between two two-party correlations the minimum number of half local results one party must toggle in order to turn one correlation into the other, we show that the volume of the set of physically obtainable correlations in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell scenario is (3 pi/8)^2 = 1.388 larger than the volume of the set of correlations obtainable in local deterministic or probabilistic hidden-variable theories, but is only 3 pi^2/32 = 0.925 of the volume allowed by arbitrary causal (i.e., no-signaling) theories.Comment: REVTeX4, 6 page

Bell inequalities from variable elimination methods

Tight Bell inequalities are facets of Pitowsky's correlation polytope and are usually obtained from its extreme points by solving the hull problem. Here we present an alternative method based on a combination of algebraic results on extensions of measures and variable elimination methods, e.g., the Fourier-Motzkin method. Our method is shown to overcome some of the computational difficulties associated with the hull problem in some non-trivial cases. Moreover, it provides an explanation for the arising of only a finite number of families of Bell inequalities in measurement scenarios where one experimenter can choose between an arbitrary number of different measurements

A prospective, longitudinal study to assess use of continuous and reactive low-pressure mattresses to reduce pressure ulcer incidence in a pediatric intensive care unit

Pressure between bony prominences and sleep surfaces, as well as pressure from the use of medical devices, put children admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) at risk of developing pressure ulcers (PUs). To assess the effect of two pediatric-specific, continuous and reactive low-pressure mattresses on the incidence of PUs, an observational, descriptive, prospective, longitudinal (2009–2011) study was conducted among PICU patients. The two pediatric mattresses — one for children weighing between 500 g and 6 Kg and another for children weighing more than 6 Kg — were provided to patients at risk for PUs (Braden-Q ≤16, Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale [NSRAS] ≤13, or per nurse assessment of clinical need). Between 2009 and 2011, 30 children (13 [43.3%] girls and 17 [56.7%] boys), ages 0 to 10 years, at risk of developing PUs (NSRAS risk: n = 14 [13.2 ± 3.03] and Braden-Q risk: n = 10 [10.4 ± 2.4]) were placed on the study mattresses for a median of 4 (range 1 to 25) days. Primary reasons for PICU admission included disorders of the respiratory system (40%), infectious and parasitic diseases (23.3%), and illnesses of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (10%). All other PU prevention strategies (eg, repositioning, specialty devices) used as part of standard care protocols also were implemented. Of the 30 participants, only one (3.3%) (confidence interval [CI] 95% = 0.08 –17.2%) developed a nondevice-related PU. No adverse events occurred. A 2008 incidence study in the same PICU, before use of these special surfaces, found a cumulative incidence of 20% nondevice-related PUs. The observed incidence rate of nonmedical device-related PUs in this high-risk population placed on these mattresses is encouraging and warrants future research

Optimal inequalities for state-independent contextuality

Contextuality is a natural generalization of nonlocality which does not need composite systems or spacelike separation and offers a wider spectrum of interesting phenomena. Most notably, in quantum mechanics there exist scenarios where the contextual behavior is independent of the quantum state. We show that the quest for an optimal inequality separating quantum from classical noncontextual correlations in an state-independent manner admits an exact solution, as it can be formulated as a linear program. We introduce the noncontextuality polytope as a generalization of the locality polytope, and apply our method to identify two different tight optimal inequalities for the most fundamental quantum scenario with state-independent contextuality.Comment: REVTeX4.1, 5 pages, 1 figure; v2: improved presentation and significantly extended result

Nonlocality without inequalities has not been proved for maximally entangled states

Two approaches to extend Hardy's proof of nonlocality without inequalities to maximally entangled states of bipartite two-level systems are shown to fail. On one hand, it is shown that Wu and co-workers' proof [Phys. Rev. A 53, R1927 (1996)] uses an effective state which is not maximally entangled. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that Hardy's proof cannot be generalized by the replacement of one of the four von Neumann measurements involved in the original proof by a generalized measurement to unambiguously discriminate between non-orthogonal states.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Novel Multi-Feature Bag-of-Words Descriptor via Subspace Random Projection for Efficient Human-Action Recognition

Human-action recognition through local spatio-temporal features have been widely applied because of their simplicity and its reasonable computational complexity. The most common method to represent such features is the well-known Bag-of-Words approach, which turns a Multiple-Instance Learning problem into a supervised learning one, which can be addressed by a standard classifier. In this paper, a learning framework for human-action recognition that follows the previous strategy is presented. First, spatio-temporal features are detected. Second, they are described by HOG-HOF descriptors, and then represented by a Bag of Words approach to create a feature vector representation. The resulting high dimensional features are reduced by means of a subspace-random-projection technique that is able to retain almost all the original information. Lastly, the reduced feature vectors are delivered to a classifier called Citation K-Nearest Neighborhood, especially adapted to Multiple-Instance Learning frameworks. Excellent results have been obtained, outperforming other state-of-the art approaches in a public database

Pentagrams and paradoxes

Klyachko and coworkers consider an orthogonality graph in the form of a pentagram, and in this way derive a Kochen-Specker inequality for spin 1 systems. In some low-dimensional situations Hilbert spaces are naturally organised, by a magical choice of basis, into SO(N) orbits. Combining these ideas some very elegant results emerge. We give a careful discussion of the pentagram operator, and then show how the pentagram underlies a number of other quantum "paradoxes", such as that of Hardy.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure