Acquiring the Mental Lexicon Through Sensorimotor Category Learning

We report the electrophysiological correlates of learning a new category through either direct sensorimotor experience (E) or verbal definition (V). (1) Ss who successfully learned to categorize and name via E all showed an increasing late positivity in their ERPs; Ss who failed to learn did not. (2) All successful E learners could also state the rule verbally; nonlearners could not. (3) The increasing late positivity began to appear and increase only beginning with those trials in which the learners had discovered and could state the rule verbally. (4) When the nonlearners were told the rule verbally in a second phase of training (V), thereby making them able to categorize and name, they too displayed the late ERP positivity. (5) The positivity was present once the rule was told to the Ss, even if the subsequent training was without feedback, whether their training trials were easy or difficult, and even when Ss failed to categorize correctly; surprisingly, the positivity was there even when categorization was impossible (i.e., the rule did not distinguish the textures). (6) Ss thought they were not doing too badly even in the impossible condition, and even when they were given feedback indicating they were performing at chance level (50%). (7) An early ERP negativity emerged in Ss who were given false positive feedback (80%) under the impossible condition. We conclude that learners, whether they learned from experience or from a verbal definition, apply the rule mentally, and mental rule application is what the late ERP positivity reflects

Acquiring the Mental Lexicon Through Sensorimotor Category Learning

We report the electrophysiological correlates of learning a new category through either direct sensorimotor experience (E) or verbal definition (V). (1) Ss who successfully learned to categorize and name via E all showed an increasing late positivity in their ERPs; Ss who failed to learn did not. (2) All successful E learners could also state the rule verbally; nonlearners could not. (3) The increasing late positivity began to appear and increase only beginning with those trials in which the learners had discovered and could state the rule verbally. (4) When the nonlearners were told the rule verbally in a second phase of training (V), thereby making them able to categorize and name, they too displayed the late ERP positivity. (5) The positivity was present once the rule was told to the Ss, even if the subsequent training was without feedback, whether their training trials were easy or difficult, and even when Ss failed to categorize correctly; surprisingly, the positivity was there even when categorization was impossible (i.e., the rule did not distinguish the textures). (6) Ss thought they were not doing too badly even in the impossible condition, and even when they were given feedback indicating they were performing at chance level (50%). (7) An early ERP negativity emerged in Ss who were given false positive feedback (80%) under the impossible condition. We conclude that learners, whether they learned from experience or from a verbal definition, apply the rule mentally, and mental rule application is what the late ERP positivity reflects

Preface Volume 20

AbstractThis volume contains the Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on the Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics. The Conference was held on the campus of Tulane University, New Orleans, LA from April 28 to May 1, 1999. The meeting was co-chaired by Stephen Brookes and Michael Mislove.The papers in this volume were selected by the Program Committee from submissions received in response to a Call for Papers, or were solicited by the Organizers and the Program Committee. As has been customary with past MFPS Conferences, these final Proceedings are being published after the meeting has concluded to allow the authors to have a chance to revise their papers. Thanks are due to a number of people who have helped organize and plan the conference. Among this group are the Program Committee chaired by Achim Jung (Birmingham) and Andre Scedrov (Pennsylvania), and whose members include the following: Stephen Brookes CMUPeter O'Hearn Queen Mary and WestfieldAdriana Compagnoni Stevens InstituteCatuscia Palamidessi Penn StateKathleen Fisher AT&TPrakash Panangaden McGillPaul Gastin LIAFADusko Pavlovic KestrelAndrew Gordon Microsoft ResearchAndrew Pitts CambridgeReinhold Heckmann SaarbrückenA. W. Roscoe OxfordCatherine Meadows NRLGiuseppe Rosolini GenoaMichael Mislove TulaneJan Rutten CWIEugene Stark Stony BrookAlso, thanks are due to the anonymous referees who helped review the submissions for the meeting.The invited speakers at the meeting were: Martin Abadi(Compaq Systems Research Center)Matthew Hennessy(University of Sussex)Tom Henzinger(University of California at Berkeley)Max Kanovich(Russian Humanities State University)Uday Reddy(University of Illinois)Peter Selinger(University of Michigan)There were two special sessions during the meeting. The first was organized by Uday Reddy (Illinois) and Peter O'Hearn (Queen Mary and Westfield College) on Object-Oriented Prorgamming. It began with an invited address by Professor Reddy, and included talks by Paulo Sergio Almeida (Universidade do Minho), Vivana Bono (Torino), Kim Bruce (Williams College), and Peter O'Hearn. The papers from this session are grouped together in this Proceedings volume.The second special session focused on Security Protocols. It was organized by Catherine Meadows (NRL) and Dennis Volpano (Naval Postgraduate School). It began with an invited address by Martin Abadi (Compaq Systems Research Center), and an introductory talk by Catherine Meadows, followed by by Paul Syverson (NRL), Geoff Smith (Florida International University), Dominique Bolignano (Trusted Logic), Carl Gunter (Pennsylvania), Pat Lincoln (SRI International) and George Necula (UC Berkeley). Cathy and Dennis have kindly prepared a short introduction to security protocols for this proceedings, which is followed by the group of papers from this session.The Organizers for the MFPS series are Stephen Brookes (CMU), Michael Main (Colorado), Austin Melton (Kent State), Michael Mislove (Tulane) and David Schmidt (Kansas State). On behalf of the participants, we wish to express our thanks both to the Office of Naval Research, and especially to Dr. Ralph Wachter, who have generously supported this series.Lastly, we also wish to thank Ms. Geralyn Caradona, who provided her usual efficient attention to discharging the many details of arranging for the meeting needs. Without her efforts, the meeting would not have run as {smoothly} nor have been as productive and enjoyable as it was for the participants

Computably Based Locally Compact Spaces

ASD (Abstract Stone Duality) is a re-axiomatisation of general topology in which the topology on a space is treated, not as an infinitary lattice, but as an exponential object of the same category as the original space, with an associated lambda-calculus. In this paper, this is shown to be equivalent to a notion of computable basis for locally compact sober spaces or locales, involving a family of open subspaces and accompanying family of compact ones. This generalises Smyth's effectively given domains and Jung's strong proximity lattices. Part of the data for a basis is the inclusion relation of compact subspaces within open ones, which is formulated in locale theory as the way-below relation on a continuous lattice. The finitary properties of this relation are characterised here, including the Wilker condition for the cover of a compact space by two open ones. The real line is used as a running example, being closely related to Scott's domain of intervals. ASD does not use the category of sets, but the full subcategory of overt discrete objects plays this role; it is an arithmetic universe (pretopos with lists). In particular, we use this subcategory to translate computable bases for classical spaces into objects in the ASD calculus.Comment: 70pp, LaTeX2e, uses diagrams.sty; Accepted for "Logical Methods in Computer Science" LMCS-2004-19; see http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~pt/ASD for related papers. ACM-class: F.4.

Method-specific Certification of Free Sugars and Starch/Glucose in Two Artificial Food Materials - BCR-644, BCR-645.

Abstract not availableJRC.D-Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Geel

Unraveling the Stratification of an Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Mat by Metatranscriptomics

International audienceA metatranscriptomic approach was used to study community gene expression in a naturally occurring iron-rich microbial mat. Total microbial community RNA was reversely transcribed and sequenced by pyrosequencing. Characterization of expressed gene sequences provided accurate and detailed information of the composition of the transcriptionally active community and revealed phylogenetic and functional stratifications within the mat. Comparison of 16S rRNA reads and delineation of OTUs showed significantly lower values of metatranscriptomic-based richness and diversity in the upper parts of the mat than in the deeper regions. Taxonomic affiliation of rRNA sequences and mRNA genome recruitments indicated that iron-oxidizing bacteria affiliated to the genus Leptothrix, dominated the community in the upper layers of the mat. Surprisingly, type I methanotrophs contributed to the majority of the sequences in the deep layers of the mat. Analysis of mRNA expression patterns showed that genes encoding the three subunits of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoCAB) were the most highly expressed in our dataset. These results provide strong hints that iron-oxidation and methane-oxidation occur simultaneously in microbial mats and that both groups of microorganisms are major players in the functioning of this ecosystem

Efficacy of antibiotic treatment of implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections with moxifloxacin, flucloxacillin, rifampin, and combination therapy: an animal study

The efficacy of antibiotic monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of implant-associated infection by Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in an animal study. The femoral medullary cavity of 66 male Wistar rats was contaminated with S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and a metal device was implanted, of which 61 could be evaluated. Six treatment groups were studied: flucloxacillin, flucloxacillin in combination with rifampin, moxifloxacin, moxifloxacin in combination with rifampin, rifampin, and a control group with aqua. The treatment was applied for 14 days. After euthanasia, the bacterial counts in the periprosthetic bone, the soft tissue, and the implant-associated biofilm were measured. Both antibiotic combination treatments (moxifloxacin plus rifampin and flucloxacillin plus rifampin) achieved a highly significant decrease in microbial counts in the bone and soft tissue and in the biofilm. Mono-antibiotic treatments with either moxifloxacin or flucloxacillin were unable to achieve a significant decrease in microbial counts in bone and soft tissue or the biofilm, whilst rifampin was able to reduce the counts significantly only in the biofilm. Antibiotic resistance was measured in 1/3 of the cases in the rifampin group, whereas no resistance was measured in all other groups. The results show that combinations of both moxifloxacin and flucloxacillin plus rifampin are adequate for the treatment of periprosthetic infections due to infections with S. aureus, whereas monotherapies are not effective or not applicable due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, moxifloxacin is an effective alternative in combination with rifampin for the treatment of implant-associated infections

European Strategy for Accelerator-Based Neutrino Physics

Massive neutrinos reveal physics beyond the Standard Model, which could have deep consequences for our understanding of the Universe. Their study should therefore receive the highest level of priority in the European Strategy. The discovery and study of leptonic CP violation and precision studies of the transitions between neutrino flavours require high intensity, high precision, long baseline accelerator neutrino experiments. The community of European neutrino physicists involved in oscillation experiments is strong enough to support a major neutrino long baseline project in Europe, and has an ambitious, competitive and coherent vision to propose. Following the 2006 European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) recommendations, two complementary design studies have been carried out: LAGUNA/LBNO, focused on deep underground detector sites, and EUROnu, focused on high intensity neutrino facilities. LAGUNA LBNO recommends, as first step, a conventional neutrino beam CN2PY from a CERN SPS North Area Neutrino Facility (NANF) aimed at the Pyhasalmi mine in Finland. A sterile neutrino search experiment which could also be situated in the CERN north area has been proposed (ICARUS-NESSIE) using a two detector set-up, allowing a definitive answer to the 20 year old question open by the LSND experiment. EUROnu concluded that a 10 GeV Neutrino Factory, aimed at a magnetized neutrino detector situated, also, at a baseline of around 2200 km (+-30%), would constitute the ultimate neutrino facility; it recommends that the next 5 years be devoted to the R&D, preparatory experiments and implementation study, in view of a proposal before the next ESPP update. The coherence and quality of this program calls for the continuation of neutrino beams at CERN after the CNGS, and for a high priority support from CERN and the member states to the experiments and R&D program.Comment: Prepared by the program committee of the Neutrino `town meeting', CERN, 14-16 May 2012 and submitted to the European Strategy For European Particle Physic