Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers. Evolution in the Tully-Fisher relation since z∼1z\sim1

(Abridged version) We explore whether a scenario that combines an origin by mergers at $z\sim$1.8-1.5 with a subsequent passive evolution of the resulting S0 remnants since $z \sim$0.8-1 is compatible with observational data of S0s in the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). We studied a set of major and minor merger experiments from the GalMer database that generate massive S0 remnants. We analysed the location of these remnants in the photometric and stellar TFRs assuming that they correspond to $z\sim0.8$ galaxies. We then estimated their evolution in these planes over the last 7 Gyr. The results were compared with data of real S0s and spirals at different redshifts. We also tested how the use of Vcirc or Vrot,max affects the results. We found that just after $\sim$1-2 Gyr of coalescence, major mergers generate S0 remnants that are outliers of the local photometric and stellar TFRs at $z\sim0.8$. After $\sim$4-7 Gyr of passive evolution in isolation, the S0 remnants move towards the local TFR, although the initial scatter among them persists. This scatter is sensitive to the indicator used for the rotation velocity: Vcirc values yield a lower scatter than when Vrot,max values are considered instead. In the planes involving Vrot,max, a clear segregation of the S0 remnants in terms of the spin-orbit coupling of the model is observed, in which the remnants of retrograde encounters overlap with local S0s hosting counter-rotating discs. The location of the S0 remnants at $z\sim 0$ agrees well with the observed distribution of local S0 galaxies in the $\sigma_0$-$M_K$, Vcirc-$\sigma_0$ and Vrot,max-$\sigma_0$ planes. Thus, massive S0 galaxies may have been formed through major mergers that occurred at high redshift and have later evolved towards the local TFR through passive evolution in relative isolation, a mechanism that would also contribute to the scatter observed in this relation.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

El levantamiento de las cargas matrimoniales en el régimen de separación

La contribución a las cargas del matrimonio en el régimen de separación necesita de especial atención porque aquí no existe una masa patrimonial común de ambos cónyuges que sirva para afrontar las cargas del matrimonio, sino que son ellos mismos los que deciden cómo van a contribuir con sus patrimonios privativos. Este trabajo tiene como objeto el estudio del levantamiento de las cargas en el régimen de separación, atendiendo a la admisibilidad de los pactos que pueden celebrar los cónyuges y realizando un análisis del artículo 1438 del Código Civil. Este artículo establece la obligación de contribuir en el régimen de separación, permitiendo que el trabajo doméstico sea una forma de contribuir y que además, este trabajo da derecho a obtener una compensación económica cuando el régimen de separación se extinga.Departamento de Derecho CivilGrado en Derech

‘I didn't feel like I was alone anymore’: evaluating self-organised employee coping practices conducted via Facebook

The long-term fracturing of the labour movement has led to increased attention to employee coping practices under new management practices and labour processes. However, the literature caters little for the recent rise of employees taking to social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook, to find ways to cope with the pressures of contemporary employment. To explore the self-organised coping qualities of SNSs, interviews were conducted with front line workers, employed by a large anti-trade union US retailer, who contribute to a self-organised Facebook group set up as a place for fellow employees to deal with collective employment-related problems. The main findings suggest employee self-organised Facebook groups represent an important development and extension to the coping practices available to individual and groups of employees. The main implication of the findings is that Facebook groups appear to strengthen and widen the options for employee resilience in an age of continuing trade union retreat

Lianas Suppress Seedling Growth and Survival of 14 Tree Species in a Panamanian Tropical Forest

Lianas are a common plant growth form in tropical forests, where they compete intensely with trees, decreasing tree recruitment, growth, and survival. If the detrimental effects of lianas vary significantly with tree species identity, as is often assumed, then lianas may influence tree species diversity and community composition. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that liana abundance and biomass are increasing relative to trees in neotropical forests, which will likely magnify the detrimental effects of lianas and may ultimately alter tree species diversity, relative abundances, and community composition. Few studies, however, have tested the responses of multiple tree species to the presence of lianas in robust, well‐replicated experiments. We tested the hypotheses that lianas reduce tree seedling growth and survival, and that the effect of lianas varies with tree species identity. We used a large‐scale liana removal experiment in Central Panama in which we planted 14 replicate seedlings of 14 different tree species that varied in shade tolerance in each of 16 80 × 80 m plots (eight liana‐removal and eight unmanipulated controls; 3136 total seedlings). Over a nearly two‐yr period, we found that tree seedlings survived 75% more, grew 300% taller, and had twice the aboveground biomass in liana‐removal plots than seedlings in control plots, consistent with strong competition between lianas and tree seedlings. There were no significant differences in the response of tree species to liana competition (i.e., there was no species by treatment interaction), indicating that lianas had a similar negative effect on all 14 tree species. Furthermore, the effect of lianas did not vary with tree species shade tolerance classification, suggesting that the liana effect was not solely based on light. Based on these findings, recently observed increases in liana abundance in neotropical forests will substantially reduce tree regeneration, but will not significantly alter tropical tree species diversity, relative abundance, or community composition

Secondary phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) swelling response is a good indicator of T-cell-mediated immunity in free-living birds

El phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) se prueba para medir la inmunidad adquirida y es uno de los métodos más utilizados; actualmente, está siendo debatido a raíz de los nuevos conocimientos sobre la compleja fisiología del proceso. Como respuesta secundaria reiterada a los mayores desafíos vinculados a los aumentos de los niveles de linfocitos T circulantes sería indicativo de una respuesta inmune mediada por células, se realizó por primera vez un experimento bajo condiciones naturales con repetidas PHA desafíos en libre-viviendo los pájaros adultos y polluelos para arrojar luz sobre este tema. Hemos encontrado significativamente más fuerte respuesta a PHA inyección secundaria independiente del sexo o la edad, mientras que el control de la condición corporal, la segunda respuesta es en promedio 90% más grande que el primero. Igualmente, los recuentos de linfocitos fueron significativamente superiores en el segundo reto de PHA, mientras que no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las aves no tratadas. Las correlaciones positivas significativas entre la PHA respuesta y ambos recuentos de linfocitos y los niveles de proteínas plasmáticas (principalmente albúmina, globulina (precursor) fueron recuperados, mientras que no hubo diferencias significativas en los niveles de proteínas plasmáticas recuperados entre los retos. Nuestros resultados son consistentes con las aves cautivas, apoyando la validez del PHA de la hinchazón de la piel como prueba precisa de haber adquirido células T como la inmunidad en aves.The validity of using the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) test to measure acquired immunity, one of the most widely used methods, is currently being debated due to new knowledge on the complex physiology of the process. As a greater secondary response to repeated challenges linked to increases of circulating lymphocyte levels would be indicative of a T-cell-mediated immune response, we performed for the first time an experiment under natural conditions with repeated PHA challenges in free-living adult birds and chicks to shed light on this topic. We found significantly stronger secondary response to PHA injection independent of sex or age, while controlling for body condition, the second response being on average 90% larger than the first. Likewise, lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the second PHA challenge, whereas no significant differences were found among untreated birds. Significant positive correlations between the PHA response and both lymphocyte counts and plasma protein levels (mainly albumin, globulin (precursor) were recovered, whereas no significant differences were recovered in plasma protein levels between challenges. Our results are consistent with those from captive birds, supporting the validity of the PHA skin-swelling test as an accurate gauge of acquired T-cell-mediated immunity in birds.Trabajo patrocinado por: Fondo Mejicano para Conservación de la Naturaleza. Proyecto PIE 2012 A-P-C-IGSI-12-12 Gobierno de Extremadura. CONACYT (I010/176/2012) y becas PO10014 y RE12002 Gobierno de Extremadura. Dirección General de Vida Silvestre. SGPA/ DGVS/08559/11peerReviewe

Decerebration induced by surgical transection of cerebral ganglion of crayfish

Background: Since the neural structures of the crayfish brain closely resemble their equivalent in the mammals. This can be suggested by observing the similarity that exists in the brain divided by the surgical transection of the crayfish brain in which the protocerebrum remains attached to the first two cranial nerves, findings also described by Frederic Bremer in 1935 in cats with cerebral transection.Methods: Total 11 Adult male crayfish were trained to respond with defense reflex, the animals were placed in water at 0°C, remained without any movement, and subsequently through a small incision of 3 mm in diameter in the medial antero region and dorsal cephalothorax region, a surgical section of the cerebral ganglion was performed. Immediately after surgery, metal microelectrodes were implanted to collect the activity of the photoreceptors and visual fibers.Results: Once the defense reflex begins to recover in previously decerebrated crayfish, it means that it shows signs of reconnection. The isolated protocerebrum with the deutocerebrum olfactory lobe remain alive for several days and the neuronal connections were reestablished, as measured throughout the bilateral defense activity. The defense reflex was observed in all animals and then recovered after surgery.Conclusions: The crayfish is an excellent model to work the visual activity, all coding of visual information was suppressed in de-cerebrated crayfish. The recovery of the neural disconnection is observed from 40 days, where the defence reflex appears again before visual stimuli.

Luminescent Devices Based on Silicon-Rich Dielectric Materials

Luminescent silicon‐rich dielectric materials have been under intensive research due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Silicon‐rich nitride (SRN) and silicon‐rich oxide (SRO) films have been mostly studied because of their high luminescence and compatibility with the silicon-based technology. In this chapter, the luminescent characteristics of SRN and SRO films deposited by low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition are reviewed and discussed. SRN and SRO films, which exhibit the strongest photoluminescence (PL), were chosen to analyze their electrical and electroluminescent (EL) properties, including SRN/SRO bilayers. Light emitting capacitors (LECs) were fabricated with the SRN, SRO, and SRN/SRO films as the dielectric layer. SRN‐LECs emit broad EL spectra where the maximum emission peak blueshifts when the polarity is changed. On the other hand, SRO‐LECs with low silicon content (~39 at.%) exhibit a resistive switching (RS) behavior from a high conduction state to a low conduction state, which produce a long spectrum blueshift (~227 nm) between the EL and PL emission. When the silicon content increases, red emission is observed at both EL and PL spectra. The RS behavior is also observed in all SRN/SRO‐LECs enhancing an intense ultraviolet EL. The carrier transport in all LECs is analyzed to understand their EL mechanism

Cirugía de bypass coronario: una visión en salud mental desde el modelo biopsicosocial

Coronary artery bypass surgery is a surgical procedure in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, with relevant psychological implications after surgery, such as the development of anxious and depressive symptoms that influence the patient's health-related quality of life; however, by strengthening protective factors such as dispositional optimism, it was shown that it is possible to reduce the impact generated by coronary artery bypass surgery. The aim of the study was to identify the role played by quality of life in the interaction of risk and protective factors after surgery.La cirugía de Bypass coronario es un procedimiento quirúrgico en el tratamiento de la cardiopatía isquémica, con implicaciones psicológicas relevantes tras la cirugía, como el desarrollo de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva que influyen en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del paciente, sin embargo, mediante el fortalecimiento de factores protectores como el optimismo disposicional, se mostró que es posible disminuir el impacto que genera la cirugía de bypass coronario. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el papel que juega la calidad de vida en la interacción de factores de riesgo y protección tras la cirugía

El sistema proteccionista mexicano : 1960-1979

1 archivo PDF (272 páginas) ; incluye ilustraciones en blanco y negro"La estrategia para efectuar la investigación consideró organizar al proyecto en cuatro períodos de estudio, a partir de la importancia que cada uno de ellos tuvo para el campo del diseño, para la conformación de la ciudad y para la trasformación de la vida diaria de sus habitantes. El proyecto se inició con el tema “El impulso industrializador mexicano”, período de 1950 a 1959 ya publicado en el anterior número 04 de la Colección Un encuentro con el futuro hoy, avances de investigación, para ahora tratar en el presente libro el segundo período de estudio, de los cuatro previstos, con el tema “El sistema proteccionista mexicano 1960–1979”, a través de los siguientes análisis: Análisis global sobre la economía en el país ... la arquitectura en México de 1960 a 1979 ... análisis del panorama de la modernización de la ciudad ... análisis de los objetos de uso cotidiano ... que fueron modificando ... la vida diaria en la Ciudad de México durante los años sesentas y setentas del siglo XX. ... Análisis del desarrollo del cine nacional durante el mismo periodo ... análisis de los espacios y sus objetos en la vivienda multifamiliar en la Ciudad de México ... análisis sobre el impacto ... de la música del idioma inglés sobre el comportamiento de la población de los jóvenes en nuestro país, principalmente en el Distrito Federal ... análisis de la evolución de la publicidad televisiva en el período que va de 1960-1970 en México ... análisis del diseño de etiquetas de los productos de consumo ... interpretación del mensaje como un elemento para la conformación de la vida cotidiana de la Ciudad de México .. análisis de los roles de género e identidad de género a partir del análisis de la gráfica publicitaria de la revista Vanidades Continental en la década 1960 y 1970.

El impulso industrializador mexicano (1950-1959)

1 archivo PDF (232 páginas)Nueve ensayos que conforman la primera entrega del Proyecto de Investigación “La Revolución Silenciosa. El diseño en la vida cotidiana de la Ciudad de México durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Análisis y Prospectiva” cuyo propósito es estructurar una serie de conceptos definidos claramente y determinar sus relaciones, con el fin de proponer un modelo teórico que sirva para detectar semejanzas y diferencias entre los objetos de diseño y las experiencias humanas, que explique de manera objetiva cómo el diseño modificó la vida cotidiana en la ciudad y a la ciudad misma