The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521 and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistance in the Early Colonial Americas

This volume of the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute’s Monographs series disseminates for the first time ever a full English translation of a seminal document in the history of Black people in the Americas: the January, 1522 “ordinances on slaves and blacks” issued by the colonial government of La Española or Santo Domingo (known in English as Hispaniola), the first post-1492 European settlement in the Americas and, at the same time, the first black-majority society in the modern Americas and the ancestor society of what is today the Dominican Republic

Bodyfat as a Predictor of the Peace Office Physical Aptitude Test in Police Cadets

Body composition is a measurement that is rarely assessed before police cadets enter the academy. The Peace Office Physical Aptitude Test (POPAT) is a required assessment for police cadets. PURPOSE: This pilot study aims to determine if body composition, upper body strength, and lower body power can predict performance on the POPAT in police cadets. METHODS: Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office (MCSO) cadets were asked to complete the handheld grip test to assess upper extremity strength, vertical jump to assess lower extremity power, and body fat percentage (%BF) using an ultrasound machine. Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) was used to determine lean muscle mass relevant to height. All cadets completed the POPAT assessment before starting the police academy. The ability of the predictor variables to predict POPAT performance was determined with a linear regression model. Significance was set at p \u3c 0.05. RESULTS: Forty cadets (32 males, eight females, aged 28.05 ± 7.17 years) completed testing. %BF was significantly and negatively correlated to the overall POPAT score (r = -0.787, p \u3c 0.01). %BF was significantly and negatively correlated to vertical jump (r = -0.834, p \u3c 0.01), handgrip (r = -0.508, p \u3c 0.01), and FFMI (r = -0.327, p \u3c 0.05). BF% and vertical jump explained about 65% of the variation in POPAT scores. CONCLUSION: Due to the significance of %BF and FFMI on a cadet’s performance on the POPAT, the MCSO’s body composition standards may need to be reevaluated

Determinación del nivel de contaminación sonora e implementación de las jabas de huevo como aislantes acústicos en la empresa E.C. Prefabricados S.A.C. distrito de Puente Piedra - Lima - 2014

Hoy en día el tema ambiental es tan importante y relevante, como el tema de efectos a la Salud, pues uno de los factores que genera y altera en gran cantidad estas variables es el trabajo, las actividades del hombre y los efectos que se produce en el ambiente y en cada uno de nosotros. Si empezamos hablar sobre empresas de rubros que generan altas alteraciones como: contaminación de suelo, agua, calidad del aire, etc. Llegamos al punto de Contaminación acústica emitidos por empresas metalmecánicas o industríales que por lo general deben de incluir dentro de sus planes anuales, la mitigación de la Contaminación de Ruido. En pocas Empresas se toman en cuenta los efectos de los niveles altos de Ruido o cuando ya estos efectos son pronunciados, según el ECA que establece los niveles de Ruido diurno y nocturno, en la Empresa E.C. Prefabricados sobrepasa los ECA's establecidos en este horario que es de 80 dB en una zona industrial durante las 7:30 am a 5:30 pm. Registrándose en la empresa Según las encuestas realizadas se obtuvo algunos alcances por los colaboradores de la Empresa E.C. Prefabricados SAC. Con respecto al tiempo de exposición de altos niveles de ruido con referencia al puesto y horas de trabajo hombre, donde se determinó que el área de Prensa es el punto con más concentración de dB's, llegando al nivel máximo de 103 dB's, siendo este factor algunos problemas en la salud y desempeño laboral, dentro de la problemática surge como propuesta de mitigación a la contaminación de ruido en la empresa E.C. Prefabricados, la implementación de un Sistema de aislamiento acústico, mediante la utilización de Jabas de huevo, teniendo dentro de su composición fibras de polietileno siendo este un material de agente de aislamiento acústico. Para implementar se necesitó 2 metodologías; que en una de ellas se coloca 6 jabas de huevo y en medio una cámara de aire, siendo este un amortiguador para posterior acoplarlos con Drywall, en la segunda mitología es necesario aplicar la ley de la masa, donde se colocando dentro de la estructura de Drywall y jabas de huevo y al medio de estas piedras en cual forman una barrera sólida y consistente. Al determinar los puntos de contaminación acústica, se procedió a encapsular la Prensa, para comparar los dB's iniciales y después de la implementación, siendo parte del resultado la disminución de dB, donde se registró al inicio el punto más alto es de 100.3 dB entre las 5:00 - 5:30 pm, que después de la implementación se registró la disminución a 98 dB, en el punto 2 por la aplicación de la metodología 2, y así comprobando que la utilización de las Jabas de huevo, va a depender de la barrera a utilizarse. Si bien es cierto no se llegó a bajar los dB de ruido que estén dentro de las ECAS 60 dB's, pero se redujo en un promedio de 12 dB's aplicando las 2 metodologías, y se puede perfeccionar y quizás proporcionar otro tipo de barrera o incluso aumentar en el número de las jabas de huevo para que así haya un mejor encapsuíamiento de las ondas de ruido que se producen por la actividad metalmecánica. Lo que se comprobó que el encapsuíamiento por uso de las jabas de huevo si ayudan a reducir los dB de ruidos producidos por el trabajo de la prensa y ayudo a mejorar el entorno en cuanto a las molestias de disturbios de los colaboradores implicados en la zona de influencia directa

Stress and Eating Behaviors Pre- and Post COVID-19 Pandemic Declaration in a Sample of College-Aged Adults

Purpose: This study compared stress and eating behaviors pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic in college students. METHODS: This was a non-experimental comparative study. Participants were invited to the laboratory for a single visit to measure eating behaviors and stress indicators. Four instruments were used in this study: The Weight and Lifestyle Inventory questionnaire, the Mindfulness Eating Questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Independent t-test and a two-way ANOVA were used to compare participants who were tested before the COVID-19 pandemic declaration and after. RESULTS: N=151 (n=81 male, n=70 female) participants completed pre-covid testing, and a separate group, N=79, completed post-covid testing (n=40 male and n=26 female). There was a pre-post COVID*sex interaction on TFEQ-uncontrolled eating (F(1,207) = 4.73, p = .031, ƞ2 = .022). There were pre-post COVID group differences (F(1,204) = 5.64, p = .019, ƞ2 = .027) and sex differences (F(1,204) = 16.84, p \u3c 0.001, ƞ2 = .076) on the TFEQ-emotional eating. There were pre-post COVID group differences in eating when stressed, depressed/upset, anxious, and when alone (all p\u3c.05). There were sex differences in eating when stressed, depressed/upset, anxious, and when alone (all p \u3c.05). PSS score increased from pre- to post-pandemic declaration (p = .003). Females (20.4 ± 5.4) reported higher stress than males (17.8 ± 6.3) (p = .003). CONCLUSION: Post-pandemic college students show increased stress levels and emotional eating compared to pre-COVID-19 college students. Female college students reported higher stress and emotional eating levels than male college students

Against All Odds: Dominican Students in Higher Education in New York

A joint publication with the Fundación Global Democracia y Desarrollo, this study details the status of the Dominican student population in New York City drawing mostly on data from the 2000 U.S. Census and from the Office of Institutional Research of the City University of New York. CUNY is the largest public, urban university in the United States

Impact of Mask Wearing on Post-Exercise Hemodynamics

As the guidelines regarding COVID-19 regressed, many fitness centers established regulations requiring mask-wearing during exercise. Data suggest that the impact of a mask during exercise has minimal effects on exercise hemodynamics. The post-exercise period has been described as a window of opportunity to lower blood pressure, a phenomenon called post-exercise hypotension. The impact of wearing a mask on post-exercise hemodynamics is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mask-wearing during exercise on post-exercise hemodynamics. METHODS: Nine total participants aged 18-30 yr were recruited for this experimental cross-over study. This within-subject design involved six randomized conditions; control no mask, no exercise (CON-NE), control-surgical mask, no exercise (CON-SUR), control-exercise, no mask (CON-E), exercise surgical mask (EXS-SUR), exercise N95 mask (EXS-N95), and exercise cloth mask (EXS-CL). The exercise protocol was a HIIT 4 x 4 on a cycle ergometer. Participants exercised at 85% of VO2max for four minutes, followed by a three-minute rest period, repeated four times. Measurements of cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and brachial blood pressure (BP) were measured pre-exercise for 20-min, during exercise, and postexercise for 60-min. RESULTS: Exercising at high intensity with the surgical, cloth, and N95 masks showed no statistically significant differences in HR, systolic BP, diastolic BP, SV, SVR, and RPE during exercise when compared to the CON-E condition (all p \u3e 0.05). Post-exercise data revealed no statistical differences in systolic BP or diastolic BP compared to the CON-E condition (both p \u3e 0.05). HR was significantly lower (roughly 4-5 ± 1.8 bpm p \u3c 0.01) in the CON-E group compared to all exercise mask-wearing groups following exercise. Additionally, SV (p\u3c0.001) and Q (p=0.002) were significantly lower in the EXS-N95 group compared to the other exercise groups. CONCLUSION: This study is consistent with current literature in suggesting that mask-wearing during exercise, even at high intensity, has no effect physiologically during exercise and on post-exercise hemodynamics. The impact of wearing a mask during exercise may alter the mechanisms of post-exercise hypotension

Body Mass Index Superior to Body Adiposity Index in Predicting Adiposity in Male Collegiate Athletes

BMI is moderately correlated with %Fat and has been suggested to be inadequate at predicting overfat status in male collegiate athletes.The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is an alternative anthropometric measurement suggested to be superior to BMI at predicting adiposity but has not been well assessed within different collegiate sports. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if BAI is superior to BMI in predicting %Fat in male collegiate athletes. METHODS: Collegiate male rugby and baseball players were invited into the laboratory for measurements of height, weight, and %Fat via BOD POD. BAI was calculated as Hip Circumference/Height^1.5–18. Regression analysis was ran using SPSS to determine the ability of BMI and BAI to predict %Fat. RESULTS: 75 male athletes from rugby (n=35) and baseball (n=40) completed the study. BMI (r=.796, p\u3c0.001) outperformed BAI (r=.575, p\u3c0.01) on predicting %Fat when all athletes were combined. There were statistically significant sport group differences on height (rugby: 179 ± 7 cm, baseball:185 ± 6 cm, p=.002) and BMI (rugby: 28 ± 5 kg/m, baseball: 26 ± 3 kg/m2, p=.037). BMI was a stronger predictor of %Fat in both the rugby athletes (r=.883, p\u3c0.001) and the baseball athletes (r=.530, p\u3c0.001). CONCLUSION: BAI is not an adequate anthropometric replacement for BMI when predicting %Fat in male collegiate rugby and baseball players

Impact of mask wearing during high-intensity exercise on post-exercise hemodynamics

Background: Few studies examining face mask wearing during high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) have measured blood pressure (BP) and cardiac output (Q) during exercise and none have examined these variables post-exercise. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to complete four exercise and two control conditions while wearing different face masks. Participants followed a 4x4 protocol on a cycle ergometer. Participants exercised at 85% of VO2max for 4-min, followed by a 3-min rest, repeated four times. Measurements of Q, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and BP were measured pre-exercise for 20-min, during exercise, and postexercise for 60-min. Linear mixed models were used to detect differences between conditions. Results: Ten young (20.3 ± 1.4 yr.) male (n = 5) and female (n = 5) participants with an average BMI of 28.1 ± 7.3 kg/m2 and VO2max of 37.0 ± 7.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 completed this. There were no group differences during exercise on outcomes of Q, SVR, HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, or RPE (all p > .05). During exercise, EXS-N95 had a lower SV than CON-E (p = .014) and EXS-CL (p = .006). All mask conditions had a higher post-exercise HR than CON-E (all p > .05). Only EXS-SUR differed in post-exercise brachial SBP compared to CON-E (3.1 ± 1.6 mmHg, p < .043). Of the exercise conditions, only EXS-N95 differed from CON-E with an increase of 2.0 ± .88 mmHg for brachial DBP (p = .022) and 2.1 ± .92 mmHg for central DBP (p = .022), SV (-11.8 ± 3.5 mL.min-1, p < .001), Q (-.52 ± .26 L.min-1, p = .045), and SVR (73.7 ± 29.8 Dyn.s/cm5, p = .014). Conclusion: The current study shows that in healthy populations, wearing a face covering of any type during HIE does not impactfully change the hemodynamic response during exercise or recovery period