61 research outputs found
Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopic (SORS) Analysis of Wine Alcoholic Fermentation: A Preliminary Study
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that allows the analysis of samples through a container. This makes it an effective tool for studying food and beverage products, as it can measure the sample without being affected by the packaging or the container. In this study, a portable SORS equipment was used for the first time to analyse the alcoholic fermentation process of white wine. Different sample measurement arrangements were tested in order to determine the most effective method for monitoring the fermentation process and predicting key oenological parameters. The best results were obtained when the sample was directly measured through the glass container in which the fermentation was occurring. This allowed for the accurate monitoring of the process and the prediction of density and pH with a root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.0029 g·Lâ1 and 0.04, respectively, and R2 values of 0.993 and 0.961 for density and pH, respectively. Additionally, the sources of variability depending on the measurement arrangements were studied using ANOVA-Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA)
Area-charge inequality for black holes
The inequality between area and charge for dynamical black
holes is proved. No symmetry assumption is made and charged matter fields are
included. Extensions of this inequality are also proved for regions in the
spacetime which are not necessarily black hole boundaries.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figure
Hairy planar black holes in higher dimensions
We construct exact hairy planar black holes in D-dimensional AdS gravity.
These solutions are regular except at the singularity and have stress-energy
that satisfies the null energy condition. We present a detailed analysis of
their thermodynamical properties and show that the first law is satisfied. We
also discuss these solutions in the context of AdS/CFT duality and construct
the associated c-function.Comment: 18 pages, no figures; v2: title changed, typos fixe
Ammonia levels in different kinds of sampling sites in the central Iberian Peninsula
Ponencia presentada en:2nd Iberian Meeting on Aerosol Science and Technology (RICTA 2014) celebrado en Tarragona del 7 al 9 de julio de 2014.Ammonia is the Secondary Inorganic Aerosol (SIC) gaseous precursor which has been studied to a lesser extent in the Madrid Metropolitan Area up to date. A study conducted in the city of Madrid with the aim of characterizing levels of ammonia took place in 2011. These campaigns formed part of a larger study conducted in 6 Spanish cities. A time series of weekly integrated ammonia measurements available at an EMEP rural site (CampisĂĄbalos) has been used to obtain information on the ammonia rural background in the region. The results point to traffic and waste treatment plants as the main ammonia sources in Madrid. Relevant seasonal differences have not been observed in the Metropolitan Area. The explanation can be related to the fall in the rural background levels during July 2011, which might conceal urban summer emission increases observed in other cities
Geometric inequalities for axially symmetric black holes
A geometric inequality in General Relativity relates quantities that have
both a physical interpretation and a geometrical definition. It is well known
that the parameters that characterize the Kerr-Newman black hole satisfy
several important geometric inequalities. Remarkably enough, some of these
inequalities also hold for dynamical black holes. This kind of inequalities
play an important role in the characterization of the gravitational collapse,
they are closed related with the cosmic censorship conjecture. Axially
symmetric black holes are the natural candidates to study these inequalities
because the quasi-local angular momentum is well defined for them. We review
recent results in this subject and we also describe the main ideas behind the
proofs. Finally, a list of relevant open problem is presented.Comment: 65 pages, 5 figures. Review article, to appear in Class. Quantum
Grav. as Topical Review. Improved presentation, minor corrections, references
updat
Polyhomogeneous expansions from time symmetric initial data
We make use of Friedrich's construction of the cylinder at spatial infinity
to relate the logarithmic terms appearing in asymptotic expansions of
components of the Weyl tensor to the freely specifiable parts of time symmetric
initial data sets for the Einstein field equations. Our analysis is based on
the assumption that a particular type of formal expansions near the cylinder at
spatial infinity corresponds to the leading terms of actual solutions to the
Einstein field equations. In particular, we show that if the Bach tensor of the
initial conformal metric does not vanish at the point at infinity then the most
singular component of the Weyl tensor decays near null infinity as
so that spacetime will not peel. We also
provide necessary conditions on the initial data which should lead to a peeling
spacetime. Finally, we show how to construct global spacetimes which are
candidates for non-peeling polyhomogeneous) asymptotics.Comment: 29 Pages, 2 Figure
FM19G11 reverses endothelial dysfunction in rat and human arteries through stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway, independently of mTOR/HIF-1α activation
53 p.-7 fig.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
FM19G11 up-regulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and PI3K/Akt pathways,
which are involved in endothelial function. We evaluated the effects of FM19G11 on defective endothelial vasodilatation in
arteries from rats and humans and investigated the mechanisms involved.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Effects of chronic in vivo administration of FM19G11 on aortic endothelial vasodilatation were evaluated together with ex vivo
treatment in aortic and mesenteric arteries from control and insulin-resistant rats (IRR). Its effects on vasodilator responses of
penile arteries (HPRAs) and corpus cavernosum (HCC) from men with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) (model of human
endothelial dysfunction) were also evaluated. Vascular expression of phosphorylated-endothelial NOS (p-eNOS),
phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and HIF-1α was determined by immunodetection and cGMP by ELISA.KEY RESULTS
Chronic administration of FM19G11 reversed the impaired endothelial vasodilatation in IRR. Ex vivo treatment with FM19G11
also significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in aorta and mesenteric arteries from IRR. These effects
were accompanied by the restoration of p-eNOS and cGMP levels in IRR aorta and were prevented by either NOS or PI3K
inhibition. p-Akt and p-eNOS contents were increased by FM19G11 in aortic endothelium of IRR. FM19G11-induced restoration of endothelial vasodilatation was unaffected by mTOR/HIF-1α inhibitors. FM19G11 also restored endothelial vasodilatation in HPRA and HCC from ED patients.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway by FM19G11 alleviates impaired NO-mediated endothelial vasodilatation in rat
and human arteries independently of mTOR/HIF-1α activation. This pharmacological strategy could be beneficial for managing pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as ED.This research work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI10/02781, PI11/01068, PI12/01628, S2010/BMD-2353, RETICEF RD12/0043), Spanish Government, and the FundaciĂłn Mutua Madrileña (AP103152012).Peer reviewe
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