MORAL IDEAL-BASED QUR`AN INTERPRETATION ACCORDING TO SHĀṬIBĪ’S CONCEPT OF MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH

The interpretation of the Qur`an has been frequently subjected to exploring legal aspects of verses, regardless of their underlying ethical bases. The goals of Islamic doctrines called as maqāṣid al-sharī'ah provide ethical judgements that can be functioned for this sake. Unfortunately, they have been applied just for legal formulation. This article employs Fazlur Rahman’s theory of distinction between legal-specific and moral-ideal of Qur`anic doctrines. This perspective will be used to analyze moral dimensions of Shāṭibī’s maqāṣid. In this article, it will be argued that the moral principles extracted from these goals can be functioned as the paradigm for interpreting the Qur`an. There are two models of moral value-based interpretation that can be developed. The first is ethical-historical interpretation. This interpretation aims to understand the verses of the Qur'an in the light of a historical context as the starting point, not only based on background or reason behind the verse that respond the historical situation, but also based on the moral message extracted from these ends. The second is the ethic-contextual interpretation. It is an interpretation that is projected to respond current issues by applying three interacting sides; present situations, the literary context, and the ideal-moral paradigm drawn from these ends

Secure mobile edge server placement using multi-agent reinforcement learning

Funding Information: Funding: This work is supported by King Khaled University under Grant Agreement No. 6204.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Enhancing the Key Distribution Model in the RFID-Enabled Supply Chains

Abstract—In this paper, we point out the use of secret sharing strategies as a promising solution for managing the key distribu-tion and recovery in the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID)-enabled supply chains. To this end, we designed a new model based on a secret sharing approach to solve the key distribution issue within the supply chains. We further proposed a secret key update protocol incorporating a resynchronisation capability to counter the disruptive effects of location tracking, replay attacks, and desynchronisation attacks. Compared with relevant approaches, our work demonstrates a number of advantages in terms of security and performance. Index Terms—RFID; key management; secret sharing; I

Folding Thermodynamics of the Hybrid-1 Type Intramolecular Human Telomeric GQuadruplex

Guanine-rich DNA sequences that may form G-quadruplexes are located in strategic DNA loci with the ability to regulate biological events. G-quadruplexes have been under intensive scrutiny owing to their potential to serve as novel drug targets in emerging anticancer strategies. Thermodynamic characterization of G-quadruplexes is an important and necessary step in developing predictive algorithms for evaluating the conformational preferences of G-rich sequences in the presence or the absence of their complementary C-rich strands. We use a combination of spectroscopic, calorimetric, and volumetric techniques to characterize the folding/unfolding transitions of the 26-meric human telomeric sequence d[A3G3(T2AG3)3A2]. In the presence of K1 ions, the latter adopts the hybrid-1 G-quadruplex conformation, a tightly packed structure with an unusually small number of solvent-exposed atomic groups. The K1-induced folding of the G-quadruplex at room temperature is a slow process that involves significant accumulation of an intermediate at the early stages of the transition. The G-quadruplex state of the oligomeric sequence is characterized by a larger volume and compressibility and a smaller expansibility than the coil state. These results are in qualitative agreement with each other all suggesting significant dehydration to accompany the G-quadruplex formation. Based on our volume data, 432619 water molecules become released to the bulk upon the G-quadruplex formation. This large number is consistent with a picture in which DNA dehydration is not limited to water molecules in direct contact with the regions that become buried but involves a general decrease in solute–solvent interactions all over the surface of the folded structure. VC 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 216–227, 2014. Keywords: G-quadruplexes; conformational transitions; volume; compressibility; expansibilit