Renal lithiasis and cardiovascular risk

Renal lithiasis [RL] is a common disease whose prevalence has increased in recent years. It is now considered a systemic pathology, not limited to the kidney and urinary tract, but largely related to diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic kidney disease, all cardiovascular risk factors that are often linked to severe events such as stroke, coronary heart disease, or acute myocardial infarction. Numerous cross-sectional studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated the association between these two entities. In this review we will attempt to demonstrate the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of RL and its relationship with cardiovascular disease. As mechanisms involved, three associations are mentioned. The first refers to oxidative stress and inflammation. The second association refers to the presence of lithogenic mechanisms that contribute to vascular calcification. The last theory is the already known association of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and HT, all risk factors for the development of RL as well as cardiovascular disease, remembering that RL is the cause, in 8%, of the development of chronic kidney disease, another risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. In conclusion, the theory that RL is not a disease limited to the kidney and urinary tract, but a systemic disease, with a risk of cardiovascular events so severe that they can lead to death, is confirmed

Gabapentin Bioequivalence Study: Quantification By Liquid Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry

The study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two gabapentin 400 mg capsule formulation (Gabapentin from Arrow Farmacêutica S/A as test formulation and Neurontin ® from Pfizer, Brazil, as reference formulation) in 26 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and a one week wash out period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 48 hour interval. The gabapentin was analyzed by LC/MS/MS, in the presence of pracetamole as internal standard. With plasma concentration vs. time curves, data obtained from this metabolite, the following pharmacokinetics parameters were obtained: AUC 0-t, AUC 0-inf and C max. Geometric mean of gabapentin/Neurontin ® 400 mg individual percent ratio was 100.58% AUC 0-t, 101.35% for AUC 0-inf and 97.76% for C max. The 90% confidence intervals were 92.00 - 109.95%, 93.00 - 110.44%, 88.41 - 108.10%, respectively. 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Comparative Bioavailability Of Two Quetiapine Formulations In Healthy Volunteers After A Single Dose Administration

The study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two quetiapine 25 mg tablet formulations: the test formulation was quetiapine fumarate (kitapen®) manufactured by Cobalt Pharmaceuticals, Canada/ Arrow Farmacêutica Ltda* (Erowlabs). Seroquel® (quetiapine) from Astrazeneca Brazil was used as reference formulation. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and one week wash out period in 64 volunteers of both sexes. Plasma samples were obtained over a 48 hour interval. Quetiapine was analyzed by LC-MS-MS in the presence of quetiapine-D8 as internal standard. Plasma samples were obtained over a 48 hour interval. Quetiapine was analyzed by LC-MS-MS in the presence of quetiapine-D8 as internal standard. The mean ratio of parameters Cmax and AUC 0-t and 90% confidence intervals of correspondents were calculated to determine the bioequivalence. The means AUC 0-t for test and reference formulation were 432.41 ng.h/mL and 412.20 ng.h/mL, for AUC 0-∞ were 440.06 ng.h/mL and 418.90 ng.h/mL and, for Cmax 126.94 ng/mL and 108.71 ng/mL, respectively. Geometric mean of quetiapine (kitapen®)/Seroquel® 25 mg individual percent ratio was 97.68% AUC 0-t, 97.47% for AUC 0-∞ and 90.68% for C max. The 90% confidence intervals were 92.67 - 102.96%, 92.53 - 102.67%, 83.37 - 98.64%, respectively. Since the 90% confidence intervals for C max, AUC 0-t and AUC 0-∞ were within the 80 - 125% interval proposed by Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that quetiapine (kitapen®) 25 mg tablet was bioequivalent to Seroquel® 25 mg tablet according to both the rate and extent of absorption. © 2011 Junior EA, et al.38178181Barrett, B., Capek, H.M., Huclova, J., Borek-Dohalsky, V., Fejt, P., Validated HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of quetiapine in human plasma (2007) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 44, pp. 498-505DeVane, C.L., Nemeroff, C.B., Clinical Pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: An Atypical Antipsychotic (2001) Clinical Pharmacokinet, 40, pp. 509-522Kasper, S., Müller-Spahn, F., Review of quetiapine and its clinical applications in schizophrenia (2000) Expert Opin Pharmacother, 1, pp. 783-801Tilden, D., Aristides, M., Meddis, D., Burns, T., An economic assessment of quetiapine and haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia only partially responsive to conventional antipsychotics (2002) Clin Ther., 24, pp. 1648-1667Mario, A., Michael, E., The Role of Quetiapine Extended Release in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression (2010) Adv Ther, 27, pp. 1-11Keck, P., McIntyre, R., Shelton, R., Bipolar depression: Best practices for the outpatient (2007) CNS Spectr., 12, pp. 1-16Judd, L., Akishal, H., Schettler, P., The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry., 59, pp. 530-537Goldstein, J.M., Atypical antipsychotic drugs: Beyond acute psychosis, new directions (1999) Emerging Drugs, 4, pp. 127-151Abi-Dargham, A., Laruelle, M., Aghajanian, G.K., Charney, D., Krystal, J., The role of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia (1997) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 9, pp. 1-17Kapur, S., Remington, G., Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its relevance to schizophrenia (1996) Am J Psychiatry, 153, pp. 466-476Calabrese, J.R., Keck Jr., P.E., McFadden, W., Minkwitz, M., Ketter, T.A., Weisler, R.H., Cutler, A.J., Mullen, J., A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression (2005) Am J Psychiatry, 162, pp. 1351-1360Copolov, D.L., Kowalcyk, B., A multicentre, double-blind, randomized comparison of quetiapine and haloperidol in schizophrenia (2000) Psychol Med, 30, pp. 95-105Figueroa, C., Brecher, M., Hamer-Maansson, J., Pharmacokinetic profiles of extended release quetiapine fumarate compared with quetiapine immediate release (2009) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 33, pp. 199-204Goldstein, J.M., Litwin, L.C., Sutton, E.B., Malick, J.B., Seroquel: Electrophysiological profile of a potential atypical antipsychotic (1993) Psychopharmacology, 112, pp. 293-298Kasper, S., Tauscher, J., Küfferle, B., Barnas, C., Pezawas, L., Dopamine and serotonin-receptors in schizophrenia: Results of imaging-studies and implications for pharmacology in schizophrenia (1999) Eur. 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A saúde como tema do componente curricular Educação Física no Referencial Curricular “Lições do Rio Grande”

The present article aims to analyze how the health theme is approached in Rio Grande do Sul Curriculum Reference – Lessons from Rio Grande, specifically in the Physical Education curricular component. From the analysis of the texts that refer to Physical Education in the referential and the books of teacher and student, some considerations could be made: the displacement of the health theme from a dimension of know-how to know-about; an expanded conception of health in terms of its different dimensions; health as a content in different structuring themes of the proposed curriculum for Physical Education.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar de qué manera el tema salud se aborda en el marco curricular de Rio Grande do Sul - Lecciones del Río Grande, más específicamente en el componente curricular Educación Física. A partir del análisis de los textos que versan sobre Educación Física en el marco curricular y de los cuadernos del profesor y del alumno, algunas consideraciones pudieron ser hechas: el cambio del tema salud de una dimensión del saber-hacer para el saber-sobre; una concepción ampliada sobre salud, con respecto a sus diferentes dimensiones; la salud como contenido en diferentes temas estructurantes del plan de estudios propuesto para Educación Física.O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que maneira o tema saúde é abordado no Referencial Curricular do Rio Grande do Sul – Lições do Rio Grande, mais especificamente no componente curricular Educação Física. A partir da análise dos textos que versam sobre Educação Física no referencial e dos cadernos do professor e do aluno, algumas considerações puderam ser feitas: o deslocamento do tema saúde de uma dimensão do saber-fazer para o saber-sobre; uma concepção ampliada sobre saúde, no tocante às suas diferentes dimensões; a saúde enquanto um conteúdo em diferentes temas estruturantes do currículo proposto para a Educação Física

O CORPO NA SOCIEDADE DE CONSUMIDORES: INTERPRETAÇÕES A PARTIR DE ESTUDANTES DO COLÉGIO PEDRO II

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las representaciones corporales de un grupo de estudiantes de secundaria del Colégio Pedro II. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 77 estudiantes de secundaria regular e integrada del Colégio Pedro II – Campus São Cristóvão III. Los instrumentos para la recolección de información fueron un cuestionario de encuesta en línea y un grupo focal, con análisis basado en el Método de Interpretación de los Sentidos, privilegiando el diálogo con el enfoque sociológico de Zygmunt Bauman. Los análisis desarrollados demostraron, en línea con el argumento baumaniano sobre los procesos de privatización y consumo, que los estudiantes tienen identidades corporales ambivalentes y sus entendimientos sobre el cuerpo son fluidos en función de las estrategias de responsabilidad individual en torno a decisiones sobre el cuerpo, los cuales fueron influenciados, en el ámbito de esta investigación, por acciones educativas presentes en la institución en foco y por influencias mediáticas.The purpose of the research was to analyze the body representations of a group of high school students at Colégio Pedro II. The study was carried out with 77 students from regular and integrated high school at Colégio Pedro II – Campus São Cristóvão III. The tools used for data collection were an online survey questionnaire and focus group, with analysis based on the Meaning Interpretation Method, privileging the dialog with the sociological approach of Zygmunt Bauman. The developed analysis showed, in line with the baumanian argument surrounding privatization and consumption processes, that students have ambivalent bodily identities, in other words, their understandings about the body are fluid, due to individual accountability strategies around decisions about the body, which were influenced, in the scope of this research, by educational actions present in the institution in focus and by media influences.O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as representações corporais de um grupo de estudantes do Ensino Médio do Colégio Pedro II. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com 77 estudantes do Ensino Médio regular e integrado do Colégio Pedro II – Campus São Cristóvão III. Os instrumentos para coleta de informações foram um questionário survey on-line e grupo focal, com análise baseada no Método de Interpretação dos Sentidos, privilegiando o diálogo com a abordagem sociológica de Zygmunt Bauman. As análises desenvolvidas demonstraram, em consonância com o argumento baumaniano em torno dos processos de privatização e consumo, que os estudantes possuem identidades corporais ambivalentes, ou seja, seus entendimentos sobre o corpo são fluidos em função das estratégias de responsabilização individual em torno das decisões sobre o corpo, que foram influenciadas, no escopo dessa pesquisa, por ações educativas presentes na instituição em foco e por influências midiáticas

Efeito da elevação sobre a estrutura horizontal e riqueza da vegetação em planos de manejo na Amazônia.

Understanding ecological variations in tropical forests is essential for defining conservation and management strategies. Changes in the composition and structure of forests, in relation to altitude, have been investigated on many tropical slopes. Although the degradation of its natural habitat continues, the Amazon biome represents 30% of the world's tropical forests and houses at least 10% of the known biodiversity. Considering the magnitude of Amazon diversity, this study evaluated the influence of terrain elevation on abundance, dominance and floristic richness of the primary vegetation in four neighboring farms (Caçula, Guarujá, Anhumas and Jaraguá) located in State of Acre, Brazil, by means of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) image. Data from each area were obtained from Acre Institute of the Environment's (IMAC) census inventory. Segmented linear regression models were used to observe the effect of the terrain elevation on the variables studied. The selection of models was made considering the Akaike?s Information Criterion (AIC). For Guarujá and Jaraguá farms, the models indicated a relationship between altitude and ecological variation. On the other hand, in Caçula and Anhumas, it was not possible to observe the influence of terrain elevation on any variable. It is important to take into consideration the impact of break-points, applicable in Guarujá and Jaraguá farms, when creating altitude stratified limits to manage the landscape

Implementation strategies for knowledge products in primary healthcare: A systematic review of systematic reviews

BACKGROUND: The underuse or overuse of knowledge products leads to waste in healthcare, and primary care is no exception. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize which knowledge products are frequently implemented, the implementation strategies used in primary care, and the implementation outcomes that are measured. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of systematic reviews (SR) using the Cochrane systematic approach to include eligible SR. The inclusion criteria were: any primary care contexts; healthcare professionals and patients; any EPOC implementation strategies of specified knowledge products; any comparator; and any implementation outcomes based on the Proctor framework. We searched the Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Ovid PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to October 2019, without any restriction. We searched the references of the included SR. Pairs of reviewers independently performed selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment with AMSTAR 2. Data extraction was informed by EPOC taxonomy for implementation strategies and the Proctor framework for implementation outcomes. We performed a descriptive analysis and summarized the results using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 11,101 records identified, 81 SR were included. Forty-seven SR involved healthcare professionals alone. Fifteen SR were of high or moderate methodological quality. Most of them addressed one type of knowledge product (56/81), common clinical practice guidelines (26/56) or management, and behavioural or pharmacological health interventions (24/56). Mixed strategies were used for implementation (67/81), predominantly educational-based (meetings in 60/81, materials distribution in 59/81, and academic detailing in 45/81), reminder (53/81) and audit and feedback (40/81) strategies. Education meetings (P=.13) and academic detailing (P=.11) seem to be more used when the population is composed of Healthcare professionals alone. The improvement of the adoption of knowledge products was the most commonly measured outcome (72/81). The evidence level was reported in 10/81 SR on 62 outcomes (including 48 improvement of adoption), of which 16 outcomes were of moderate or high level. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical practice guidelines and management, behavioural or pharmacological health interventions are the most commonly implemented knowledge products through the mixed use of educational, reminders and audit and feedback strategies. There is need for a strong methodology for the SR of RCTs to explore their effectiveness and the whole cascade of implementation outcomes. CLINICALTRIAL: Not applicable