Time‐Dependent Spatial Amplitude Patterns of Harmonic Tremor at Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica: Seismic‐Wave Interferences?

International audienceSeismograms recorded at the receivers of a small-aperture seismic array usually display very similar waveforms and amplitudes, as a consequence of their close proximity. During the analysis of the volcanic tremor wave eld at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica, we detected signi cant di erences in the amplitudes of harmonic tremor recorded at the stations of a small-aperture (~210 m) seismic array. The amplitude distributions are geometrically complex and characterized by strong gradients. They occur just for harmonic tremors; any other type of seismic event produces nearly uniform amplitudes across the array. This suggests some relation with harmonic frequency content. Moreover, the spatial amplitude patterns change with time. Some of these observations could be explained by an extreme combination of source, path and site e ects. But they could be also produced by interference of di erent components of the seismic wave eld. We use numerical calculations to investigate the amplitude pattern generated by two interfering plane waves, and are able to reproduce the main features of the observed amplitude patterns. We propose mechanisms that might generate seismic wavefi elds with multiple components and conclude that interference can explain the complexity and variability of the harmonic tremor wave eld at Arenal volcano

Colombia y la democracia: entre el papel y la realidad

La democracia es un tema de tradición filosófica y política que continuamente da para hablar. En la coyuntura sociohistórica de Latinoamérica y especialmente de Colombia, este concepto se ha visto desacreditado en la vida cotidiana. A pesar de que este país cuenta con una Constitución Política relativamente reciente, y en la que se consagran elementos para que el Estado se organice de forma democrática, lo cierto es que la práctica muestra que no hay consolidación de la democracia. Para comprender esto, fue necesario realizar una exploración filosófica sobre la conceptualización de la democracia en tres periodos de la historia: Clásico extendido, Renacimiento e Ilustración, y Contemporáneo. Mediante el cruce de la información de los nueve filósofos escogidos, se recogieron los elementos constitutivos de la democracia de cada periodo y, finalmente, se trazó un concepto en el que se le entiende como un principio rector dependiente de los factores sociales y económicos de la sociedad o comunidad donde rige, y que pretende organizar a dicha sociedad con los estandartes de libertad, igualdad y participación. A pesar de la consagración, en la Constitución de Colombia, de principios y valores para la organización del Estado, cuya base es una democracia mixta entre participación y representación, la realidad que ha venido viviendo el país desde entonces es diferente a lo planteado en el papel porque, de acuerdo con los datos recogidos y analizados, la libertad está en entredicho, la igualdad se ha quedado en promesas y la participación cada vez es menor. Los fenómenos que han alimentado esta divergencia entre el ideal y la realidad tienen que ver con la condición humana colombiana, en especial de las prácticas clientelistas. Hay más una práctica oclocrática. Urge un replanteamiento para que el pueblo mismo sea quien conquiste con su actuar la democracia prometida.ITESO, A. C

Processing speed in youth football players

Processing speed is the response efficiency in stimulus processing tasks (Lezak, 2004). Optimal levels of this capacity are required to perform efficiently in di↵erent sport settings. Indeed, expert athletes have shown superior processing speed capacities in wide range of general cognitive tasks (Voss et al., 2010, for a review).Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Academic background of young football coaches modulates the methodology of flexibility training

The academic background of coaches in elite soccer academies is improving . Currently, football clubs are requiring to their coaches a greater academic background to be competent both at pedagogical and methodological level. Planning and periodization of training in football should be correctly organized according to the age and psycho-physiological development of the athletesCiencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Sports practice influences the state of vigilance during the adolescence

The interest on the relationship between sport practice, cardiovascular fitness, and cognitive processing is increasing in recent years1 . Here, we focus on sports practice as a key factor involved in fitness level, speed processing and vigilance (i.e., the ability to maintain focused attention) in male and female adolescents.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Range of Motion and Injury Occurrence in Elite Spanish Soccer Academies. Not Only a Hamstring Shortening—Related Problem

Age-related development of range of motion (ROM) during an active hip flexion (active straight leg raise) and its relationship with hamstring injury occurrence were examined in 1657 young male soccer players (9–18 years of age). Age-related differences in ROM showed a significant decrease from U9 to U11 (p 5 0.001), from U11 to U13 (p , 0.005), and from U9 to U13 (p , 0.001), whereas ROM increased from U13 to U15 and from U13 to U18 (both p’s , 0.001). Interestingly, younger and older players reached similar ROM values (U9–U18, p 5 0.87). Higher ROM was found in dominant than nondominant leg in all age groups (all ps , 0.001). No differences related to playing position were found on ROM (all ps . 0.478). During the follow-up period (11 months) 97 hamstring injuries were reported showing higher rates in the older age groups (p , 0.001) and outfield players (p , 0.001). Remarkably, no differences in ROM average were found between injured players and noninjured players (p 5 0.152). Our results suggest that ROM during hip flexion does not only depend on the hamstrings shortening but also on the variables related to joint stability, motor control, and hip flexor muscle weakness. Sport scientists in youth sport soccer academies should develop age-specific screening and action plans to develop strength, motor control, and flexibility to optimize ROM and reduce injuries from the grassroots stages.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Cardiovascular fitness influences self-concept during the adolescence

Self-concept is one of the most researched constructs within the framework of educational psychology, psychology of the personality, and social psychology. Self-concept can be defined as the perception that an individual has of him or herself, with contents that are both descriptive, as well as evaluative 1. In the field of sport and exercise, physical selfconcept is also considered playing a considerable role in sports performance 2. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between sports practice, cardiovascular fitness and physical self-concept in adolescents.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Differences on hip flexion rom in hamstrings injured vs. Not injured u15 - u18 football players

Hamstring injuries are the most common muscle injuries in football (Ekstrand et al., 2011). This injury is less prevalent in young soccer players than in adults. However, due to early specialization, previous literature has showed an increased injury risk in football players from 15 to 17 years old (Valle et al., 2018).Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Predictive Reliability and Fault Management in Exascale Systems: State of the Art and Perspectives

© ACM, 2020. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 53, No. 5, Article 95. Publication date: September 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3403956[EN] Performance and power constraints come together with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology scaling in future Exascale systems. Technology scaling makes each individual transistor more prone to faults and, due to the exponential increase in the number of devices per chip, to higher system fault rates. Consequently, High-performance Computing (HPC) systems need to integrate prediction, detection, and recovery mechanisms to cope with faults efficiently. This article reviews fault detection, fault prediction, and recovery techniques in HPC systems, from electronics to system level. We analyze their strengths and limitations. Finally, we identify the promising paths to meet the reliability levels of Exascale systems.This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 (H2020) research and innovation program under the FET-HPC Grant Agreement No. 801137 (RECIPE). Jaume Abella was also partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain under Contract No. TIN2015-65316-P and under Ramon y Cajal Postdoctoral Fellowship No. RYC-2013-14717, as well as by the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. Ramon Canal is partially supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya under Contract No. 2017SGR0962.Canal, R.; Hernández Luz, C.; Tornero-Gavilá, R.; Cilardo, A.; Massari, G.; Reghenzani, F.; Fornaciari, W.... (2020). Predictive Reliability and Fault Management in Exascale Systems: State of the Art and Perspectives. ACM Computing Surveys. 53(5):1-32. https://doi.org/10.1145/3403956S132535Abella, J., Hernandez, C., Quinones, E., Cazorla, F. J., Conmy, P. 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Uso de detectores MOSFET para verificar y validar el tratamiento de radiación Monte Carlo en un maniquí antropomórfico

Los tratamientos de radioterapia planificados mediante simulación Monte Carlo proveen un cálculo de dosis muy preciso en comparación a los sistemas deterministas. En el presente trabajo, hemos utilizado el MCNP6 (código Monte Carlo de transporte de partículas) para simular la irradiación de un maniquí antropomorfico (RANDO phantom) con un acelerador lineal médico y se ha validado con medidas experimentales tomadas en el interior del maniquí mediante dosímetros MOSFET. El modelo detallado de la Elekta Precise con colimador multiláminas utilizando un haz de fotones de 6 MeV fue diseñado y validado por medio de curvas de dosis en profundidad en cuba de agua para haces de diferentes tamaños y formas en los trabajos anteriores. Este estudio incluye en la simulación de la geometría el maniquí RANDO. Para ello, un conjunto de imágenes de tomografía computerizada (CT) del maniquí fue formateado introduciendo las slices en el software PLUNC. El programa PLUNC realiza la segmentación mediante la definición de las estructuras anatómicas y un algoritmo de Matlab escribe la información del maniquí en formato de entrada para MCNP6. La simulación ha sido verificada y validada a través de la comparación de mediciones de dosímetros MOSFET de alta sensibilidad (Best medical Canada) en diferentes puntos dentro del maniquí con los resultados de la simulación. Los MOSFET Wireless utilizados proporcionan la estimación de dosis en volumen extremadamente finos, por lo que la validación llevada a cabo es muy precisa. La comparación muestra buena concordancia entre las mediciones de los MOSFET y los cálculos Monte Carlo, confirmando la validez del procedimiento desarrollado para incluir pacientes vía CT en simulaciones y aprobar el uso de simulaciones Monte Carlo como sistema preciso para planificación de tratamientos.Juste Vidal, BJ.; Miró Herrero, R.; Abella Aranda, V.; Santos Serra, A.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2014). Uso de detectores MOSFET para verificar y validar el tratamiento de radiación Monte Carlo en un maniquí antropomórfico. Sociedad Nuclear Española. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/71926