Vier Beiträge für die Frühjahrskonferenz zur Erforschung des Fremdsprachenunterrichts

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Lerninhalte des Ausspracheunterrichts, am Beispiel 'Französisch für Deutschsprachige': unveränderter Originaltext der im Sommersemester 1977 vom Fachbereich Neuphilologie der Universität Tübingen angenommenen Habilitationsschrift ; vier Auszüge und zwei Anlagen

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Koordinationschemie -gebundener Cyclopentadienyl-Chalkogeno-Ether

Coordination Chemistry of rr-Bonded Cyclopentadienyl Chalcogeno Ethers, I. - Chelate Complexes of Pentakis(methylthio)cymantrene with Metal Carbonyls [C5(SMe)5]Mn(CO)3 (1) reacts with W(CO)5(THF), Mo(CO)4(C7H8), Cr(CO)3(NCMe)3, and Re(CO)4(-C3H5)/HBF4 to yield the monochelate complexes [[C5(SMe)5]Mn(C0)3][M(CO)4] (M = W: 2; M = Mo: 3) and the dichelate complexes [[C5(SMe)5]Mn(CO)3][M(C0)4]2 (M = W: 4; M = Cr: 5; M = Re BFF4 : 6). The reaction with Mo(CO)3(p-xylene) in THF leads via unstable intermediates, which contain coordinated THF, to a mixture of 3 and [[C5(SMe)5]Mn(CO)3][Mo(CO)4]2 (7). The structures of 3 and 4 in the crystal have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods

Effect of impervious surface area and vegetation changes on mean surface temperature over Tshwane metropolis, Gauteng Province, South Africa

The Tshwane Metropolis, Gauteng Province, South Africa, continues to experience rapid urbanization as a result of population growth. This has led to the conversion of natural lands into large man-made landscapes i.e., increase in impervious surfaces and a decrease in vegetative cover. This land use or land cover changes are also thought to affect the climate of the Tshwane metropolis as is evidenced by heat waves in 2013 and 2014. This paper describes how vegetation and impervious surface area (ISA) or built up areas were classified from Landsat 8 LCDM, 2013, and Landsat 7 ETM+, 2003 images using thematic spectral indices and mean surface temperatures derived from the thermal bands. The linear relationship between the two land cover types and surface temperature (LST) derived from the thermal bands was also examined. The results of this research reveal that the ISA increase has occurred due to urban sprawl and this has contributed to increase in surface temperature.The Applied Centre for Climate and Earth System Science (ACCESS) and University of Pretoria.http://www.sajg.org.za/index.php/sajgam2016Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog

Different paths to the modern state in Europe: the interaction between domestic political economy and interstate competition

Theoretical work on state formation and capacity has focused mostly on early modern Europe and on the experience of western European states during this period. While a number of European states monopolized domestic tax collection and achieved gains in state capacity during the early modern era, for others revenues stagnated or even declined, and these variations motivated alternative hypotheses for determinants of fiscal and state capacity. In this study we test the basic hypotheses in the existing literature making use of the large date set we have compiled for all of the leading states across the continent. We find strong empirical support for two prevailing threads in the literature, arguing respectively that interstate wars and changes in economic structure towards an urbanized economy had positive fiscal impact. Regarding the main point of contention in the theoretical literature, whether it was representative or authoritarian political regimes that facilitated the gains in fiscal capacity, we do not find conclusive evidence that one performed better than the other. Instead, the empirical evidence we have gathered lends supports to the hypothesis that when under pressure of war, the fiscal performance of representative regimes was better in the more urbanized-commercial economies and the fiscal performance of authoritarian regimes was better in rural-agrarian economie