8 research outputs found
The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons
ArtÃculo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereThe existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions. When such states are heavy enough that they cannot be produced in oscillations, they are referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). In this white paper, we discuss the present experimental status of HNLs including colliders, beta decay, accelerators, as well as astrophysical and cosmological impacts. We discuss the importance of continuing to search for HNLs, and its potential impact on our understanding of key fundamental questions, and additionally we outline the future prospects for next-generation future experiments or upcoming accelerator run scenario
Semi-Visible Dark Photon Phenomenology at the GeV Scale
In rich dark sector models, dark photons heavier than tens of MeV can behave
as semi-visible particles: their decays contain both visible and invisible
final states. We present models containing multiple dark fermions which allow
for such decays and inscribe them in the context of inelastic dark matter and
heavy neutral leptons scenarios. Our models represent a generalization of the
traditional inelastic dark matter model by means of a charge conjugation
symmetry. We revisit constraints on dark photons from colliders and
fixed target experiments, including the effect of analysis vetoes on
semi-visible decays, . We
find that in some cases, the BaBar and NA64 experiments no longer exclude large
kinetic mixing, , and, specifically, the related
explanation of the discrepancy in the muon . This reopens an interesting
window in parameter space for dark photons with exciting discovery prospects.
We point out that a modified missing-energy search at NA64 can target
short-lived decays and directly probe the newly-open parameter
space.Comment: 41 pages, 22 figures, version published in PR
Heavy Neutral Leptons via Axion-Like Particles at Neutrino Facilities
Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are often among the hypothetical ingredients
behind nonzero neutrino masses. If sufficiently light, they can be produced and
detected in fixed-target-like experiments. We show that if the HNLs belong to a
richer -- but rather generic -- dark sector, their production mechanism can
deviate dramatically from expectations associated to the standard-model weak
interactions. In more detail, we postulate that the dark sector contains an
axion-like particle (ALP) that naturally decays into HNLs. Since ALPs mix with
the pseudoscalar hadrons, the HNL flux might be predominantly associated to the
production of neutral mesons (e.g., , ) as opposed to charge
hadrons (e.g., , ). In this case, the physics responsible for
HNL production and decay are not directly related and experiments like DUNE
might be sensitive to HNLs that are too weakly coupled to the standard model to
be produced via weak interactions, as is generically the case of HNLs that play
a direct role in the type-I seesaw mechanism.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
A panorama of new-physics explanations to the MiniBooNE excess
The MiniBooNE low-energy excess stands as an unexplained anomaly in
short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. It has been shown that it can
be explained in the context of dark sector models. Here, we provide an overview
of the possible new-physics solutions based on electron, photon, and dilepton
final states. We systematically discuss the various production mechanisms for
dark particles in neutrino-nucleus scattering. Our main result is a
comprehensive fit to the MiniBooNE energy spectrum in the parameter space of
dark neutrino models, where short-lived heavy neutral leptons are produced in
neutrino interactions and decay to pairs inside the detector. For the
first time, other experiments will be able to directly confirm or rule out dark
neutrino interpretations of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figure
DarkNews: a Python-based event generator for heavy neutral lepton production in neutrino-nucleus scattering
We introduce DarkNews, a lightweight Python-based Monte-Carlo generator for
beyond-the-Standard-Model neutrino-nucleus scattering. The generator handles
the production and decay of heavy neutral leptons via additional vector or
scalar mediators, as well as through transition magnetic moments. DarkNews
samples pre-computed neutrino-nucleus upscattering cross sections and heavy
neutrino decay rates to produce dilepton and single-photon events in
accelerator neutrino experiments. We present two case studies with differential
distributions for models that can explain the MiniBooNE excess. The aim of this
code is to aid the neutrino theory and experimental communities in performing
searches and sensitivity studies for new particles produced in neutrino
upscattering.Comment: 18 pages, 6 tables, 8 figure
Semivisible dark photon phenomenology at the GeV scale
In rich dark sector models, dark photons heavier than tens of MeV can behave as semi-visible particles: their decays contain both visible and invisible final states. We present models containing multiple dark fermions which allow for such decays and inscribe them in the context of inelastic dark matter and heavy neutral leptons scenarios. Our models represent a generalization of the traditional inelastic dark matter model by means of a charge conjugation symmetry. We revisit constraints on dark photons from colliders and fixed target experiments, including the effect of analysis vetoes on semi-visible decays, . We find that in some cases, the BaBar and NA64 experiments no longer exclude large kinetic mixing, , and, specifically, the related explanation of the discrepancy in the muon . This reopens an interesting window in parameter space for dark photons with exciting discovery prospects. We point out that a modified missing-energy search at NA64 can target short-lived decays and directly probe the newly-open parameter space.In rich dark sector models, dark photons heavier than tens of MeV can behave as semivisible particles; their decays contain both visible and invisible final states. We present models containing multiple dark fermions which allow for such decays and inscribe them in the context of inelastic dark matter and heavy neutral leptons scenarios. Our models represent a generalization of the traditional inelastic dark matter model by means of a charge conjugation symmetry. We revisit constraints on dark photons from e+e- colliders and fixed-target experiments, including the effect of analysis vetoes on semivisible decays, A′→ψi(ψj→ψkℓ+ℓ-). We find that in some cases the BABAR and NA64 experiments no longer exclude large kinetic mixing, ε∼10-2, and, specifically, the related explanation of the discrepancy in the muon (g-2). This reopens an interesting window in parameter space for dark photons with exciting discovery prospects. We point out that a modified missing-energy search at NA64 can target short-lived A′ decays and directly probe the newly-open parameter space
The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons
The existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions. When such states are heavy enough that they cannot be produced in oscillations, they are referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). In this white paper, we discuss the present experimental status of HNLs including colliders, beta decay, accelerators, as well as astrophysical and cosmological impacts. We discuss the importance of continuing to search for HNLs, and its potential impact on our understanding of key fundamental questions, and additionally we outline the future prospects for next-generation future experiments or upcoming accelerator run scenarios
A comprehensive health effects assessment of the use of sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey
COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value <0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87-2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74-1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90-2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused