TASL practice guidance on the clinical assessment and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease and is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries, and the proportion of NAFLD-related cirrhosis among patients on liver transplantation waiting lists has increased. In light of the accumulated data about NAFLD, and to provide a common approach with multi-disciplines dealing with the subject, it has become necessary to create new guidance for diagnosing and treating NAFLD. This guidance was prepared following an interdisciplinary study under the leadership of the Turkish Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL), Fatty Liver Special Interest Group. This new TASL Guidance is a practical application guide on NAFLD and was prepared to standardize the clinical approach to diagnosing and treating NAFLD patients. This guidance reflects many advances in the field of NAFLD. The proposals in this guidance are meant to aid decision-making in clinical practice. The guidance is primar-ily intended for gastroenterology, endocrinology, metabolism diseases, cardi-ology, internal medicine, pediatric specialists, and family medicine specialists

Different epidemiology of bloodstream infections in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 critically ill patients: A descriptive analysis of the Eurobact II study

Background: The study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSIs) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. Methods: We used data from the Eurobact II study, a prospective observational multicontinental cohort study on HABSI treated in ICU. For the current analysis, we selected centers that included both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. We performed descriptive statistics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in terms of patients’ characteristics, source of infection and microorganism distribution. We studied the association between COVID-19 status and mortality using multivariable fragility Cox models. Results: A total of 53 centers from 19 countries over the 5 continents were eligible. Overall, 829 patients (median age 65 years [IQR 55; 74]; male, n = 538 [64.9%]) were treated for a HABSI. Included patients comprised 252 (30.4%) COVID-19 and 577 (69.6%) non-COVID-19 patients. The time interval between hospital admission and HABSI was similar between both groups. Respiratory sources (40.1 vs. 26.0%, p < 0.0001) and primary HABSI (25.4% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.006) were more frequent in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had more often enterococcal (20.5% vs. 9%) and Acinetobacter spp. (18.8% vs. 13.6%) HABSIs. Bacteremic COVID-19 patients had an increased mortality hazard ratio (HR) versus non-COVID-19 patients (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.49–2.45). Conclusions: We showed that the epidemiology of HABSI differed between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Enterococcal HABSI predominated in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with HABSI had elevated risk of mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.org number NCT03937245. Registered 3 May 2019

Türkiye’de 1919-1927 yılları arasında aile hukuku alanındaki kanunlaştırma çalışmaları

ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Family law was not included in the Mecelle which was compiled as the civil code during the codification efforts which dates back on the Ottoman Reformation, commonly knowm as "Tanzimat". In the field of Family Law until Personal Regulations Committee the most important devolopments consisted of the 1298/1881 Demografic Files İnstructions and the 1332/1917 Family Act. After the family Act a new period has commenced. The Abolition of Monarchy in 1922 and the Lozan Coference reflect the legal approach of the nem Turkish state after the establishment of the Grand National Assembly on April 23, 1920 and the announcement of the 1921 constitution. The minorities insisted on maintaining their legal privilegas arguing that the Ottoman State was based on religious law. Against this, the Ankara Government defended the Mecelle and the Family Act by recognizing them modern laws. Furthermore, the Ankara Government considered the legal privileges given to minorities against its independence. But on the insistence of the Allied Powers, it promised to issuc a modern and secular family law. Yet the Allied Powers did not consider this satisfactory. They presented a declaration to the Turkish representatives titled as "The Declaration on the Judicial Powers Concerning Non-Personal Affairs". According the this declaration, the judges to be selected from among the members of the Lahey İnternational Court of Justice were to work in the local courts of İstanbul, İzmir and Bursa (Article,5) as well as in the Supreme Court. They would also be employed in the efforts for legal reforms (Article,7). While negotiations continued in Lozan, the new committees had been established. The work of these committees were slow. These committees were called of after 16 meetings probably because the Lozan Act was signed. We see that after the Lozan Conference the advocates of adopting western lams gained more power. Consequently, first, the establish ment of the Republic was announced, the Khilafah was abolished, religious courts were olased, Integration of Education Act was passed as a law, religious scools, mystical institutions were closed, the Ministry of Foundations and Religious Affairs was closed, and the 1340/1924 constitution was issued. Following these devolopments, new committiees were set up adopting a revolutionary approach to the issue. The main purpose was to produce laws that arc in harmony with the understanding of modern state. Secular laws were produced concerning different social, religious, and cultural aspects of life. These historical developments in the legal history of Turkey show that the reformation that had began with Tanzimat during the Ottoman State has been culminated by the Turkish Republic. This process marks the end of the efforts to reform the Islamic law from inside. It also marks the end of the efforts to produce a national law from traditional laws

Silica nanoparticle-covered Graphene Oxide as solid-phase extraction sorbent coupled with FAAS for the determination of some of heavy metals in water sample

The current study portrays a dispersive solid-phase extraction as a silica nanoparticle-covered Graphene Oxide(GO-SiO2) synthesised with some modification as in the literature and developed removal/preconcentration method for selective extraction of some heavy metal in water samples. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) was used to measure in optimum conditions for the proposed method. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-beam diffraction (XRD) were utilised for the characterisation of solid phase. The developed method presents high surface areas for sorption capacity and a low amount of solid phase. The removal percentage was performed at approximately 100% with pH 4 to 10 for all metal ions. According to validation results under the optimised method, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were found in the range of 5.8–23.0 µg L−1 and 16.0 − 38.1 µg L−1, respectively. The developed method was applied by using certified reference material (BCR 715) for trueness, which observed high relative recovery with lower than 11.8% relative error except for Pb and Cd. The comparison between the experimental results and the certified reference material indicated that the accuracy of the method is higher than 90%. The proposed method was effectively practised for five water samples with standard addition. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Determination of some organophosphorus and azole group pesticides in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with GC/MS

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure coupled with GC/MS detection is described for preconcentration and determination of some organophosphorus and azole group pesticides from water samples. Experimental conditions affecting the DLLME procedure were optimized by means of an experimental design. A mixture of 60 μL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 750 μL acetonitrile (disperser solvent), 3.5 min extraction time, and 7.5 mL aqueous sample volume were chosen for the best recovery by DLLME. The linear range was 1.6-32 μg/L. The LOD ranged from 48.8 to 68.7 ng/L. The RSD values for organophosphorus and azole group pesticides at spiking levels of 3, 6, and 9 μg/L in water samples were in the range of 1.1-12.8%. The applicability and accuracy of the developed method were determined by analysis of spiked water samples, and the recoveries of the analyzed pesticides from artesian, stream, and tap waters at spiking levels of 3, 6, and 9 μg/L were 89.3-105.6, 89.5-103.0, and 92.0-111.3%, respectively. © 2012 Publishing Technology

Cumhuriyet Türkiye'sinde iki mihenk taşı dergi : Büyük Doğu ve Diriliş

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Yeni, Harun

Thermodynamics of Pb2+ and Ni2+ adsorption onto natural bentonite from aqueous solutions

Removal of Pb2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions by sorption onto natural bentonite was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of particle size, the amount of bentonite, pH, concentration of metals, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption patterns of metal ions onto followed the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. This included adsorption isotherms of single-metal solutions at 303 K by batch experiments. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH,ΔS,ΔG) for Pb2+ and Ni2+ sorption onto bentonite were also determined from the temperature dependence. The adsorptions were endothermic reactions. The results suggested that natural bentonite is suitable as a sorbent material for recovery and adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Solid-phase extraction of Fe(III), Pb(II) and Cr(III) in environmental samples on amberlite XAD-7 and their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

This paper describes a simple and accurate procedure for preconcentration of trace amounts of Fe(III), Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions. The preconcentration procedure is based on retention of p-xylenol blue chelates on Amberlite XAD-7. The analytes retained were eluted from Amberlite XAD-7 by using 1 mol L-1 HCl. The influences of the analytical parameters including amounts of reagents, pH and type of eluent were also investigated. The detection limits of Fe, Pb and Cr were found to be 3.07, 18.6 and 3.27 μg L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was checked by the analysis of an electrolytic copper wire sample. The relative error was less than 5%. The presented method was applied to the determination of Fe(III), Pb(II) and Cr(III) in water samples from Denizli, Turkey with good results such as recoveries more than 95%, relative standard deviations below 10%. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Physico-chemical parameters and acceptability and of spleentreated beef patties

Iron deficiency is one of the world's most common disorders and it occurs when the amount of iron available is insufficient to meet an individual's needs. Spleen is known as a food product rich in iron content, and is a cheap offal. Therefore, consumption of spleen, both directly and indirectly, and especially for the treatment of anemia (iron deficiency) disorder is advised by the medical profession. However, consumption of cooked spleen is unacceptable to many people, due to its bloody structure. In this study, the effect of adding spleen at 0, 5, 10 or 15% to beef patties was studied and physico-chemical (pH, color and iron content) and sensory changes (color, odor, chewiness, flavor and overall acceptability) in the patties were investigated. Along with incremental increases of spleen content in beef patties, pH and iron content were increased, lightness L∗ and redness a∗ values were decreased, but yellowness b∗ values were not significantly different between the patties with added spleen (P>0.05). In terms of sensory analysis, panelists generally appreciated the patties with 10% spleen more than the other spleen levels. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd