Modelling of Microtube Reactor In Bio-Fuel Production Using CFD

Nowadays, the biological resources are the best option as alternative to the petroleum-based fuels or petrochemical solvents for renewable energy and green chemistry applications. Over the last 15 years, the production of biodiesel fuels (BDF) mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), had been intensively studied as it is an organic, biodegradable and non-toxic fuels source that is made from renewable resources including animal fats and vegetable oils. In spite of the usage of virgin and food grade oils have proven to be suitable feedstock for biodiesel production, the concern on the proper usage of widespread farmland areas for the production in the detriment of food supply have play an important role on the final chosen feedstock. The usage of non-edible crops like jatropha or castor oil, do not resolve the problem of requiring large plantation area. BDF is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids synthesized by transesterification of triglyceride in vegetable oils or animal fats with alcohol to form fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). This project has theoretically assessed the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using KOH catalyst in a microchannel tube reactor using AN SYS Fluent. Micro-reactor is considered for better heat and mass transfer, also micro-reactor provides admissible control over unwanted side reactions. The exact reaction path of biodiesel production is unknown so the lumped kinetics model is being used instead. Computationally, the volume fraction, the velocity profile, the pressure drop, density profile, and temperature profile are being examined based on the experimental setup which is using the methanol/oil molar ratio = 23.9 at 40 °C. The dimension of microreactor is fixed to 0.8 mm diameter. Based on the experimental result, the flow pattern at the entrance region of the microtube was segmented flow of the methanol and oil phases. As the reaction progress, fine droplets composed of the produced glycerol and methanolwere dispersed and circulated in the oil segments. At a methanol/oil molar ratio of 23.9 at 60 °C, a quasi-homogeneous phase form approximately 300mm from the reaction inlet where the oil completely converted to FAME

Electronic medical records system (EMRS) for Muslim's information and knowledge sharing

Medical records in electronic forms are seen as an effective way of managing medical records, amidst the increasing number of patient’s population. The role of networking system in increasing the utility of technology leads to the adoption of the electronic medical records (EMR) system. Although the EMR system experiences a slow adoption rate, it promises improved efficiency in the medical and healthcare system by facilitating information exchange among physicians, caring for the same patients. More specifically, the study aims at examining physicians' perceptions towards the importance of various functions of EMR system and the extent to which their characteristics are related to the perceived importance of the functions of the system. Although previous studies suggest that age, computer sophistication and medical speciality of physicians impact the extent to which they use EMR technology, the present study revealed little evidence that these characteristics are related to the perceived importance of EMR functions. This paper describes elements of the electronic medical records (EMR) system that can contribute to the development knowledge and research an as an impetus to the research activities in this area in the Muslim world. It also attempts to consider the various roles that need to be assumed and also reports various strategies that could be undertaken in different capacities such as, government and the business sectors with the goal of adopting an electronic medical records system (EMRS) for the purpose of information sharing

Towards the Future of the Malay Community in Kelantan

The Malay settlement at Kota Bharu is at the brink of disappearance. This paper employed mixed method indulging into the subject of the study. The finding illustrates the withering of Malay community along with the cultural transformation generated by development. The extent of this paper also reveals the life, essence, hopes and aspirations of the Malays in the process of urbanization. It is posited that the process of urbanization also tested the survival of the Malays, and one day the existence of the Malays may be the object of "museumification" in their own country. Keywords:  Kota Bharu; Malay settlement; Malay identity; urbanization eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.320

Modelling of Microtube Reactor In Bio-Fuel Production Using CFD

Nowadays, the biological resources are the best option as alternative to the petroleum-based fuels or petrochemical solvents for renewable energy and green chemistry applications. Over the last 15 years, the production of biodiesel fuels (BDF) mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), had been intensively studied as it is an organic, biodegradable and non-toxic fuels source that is made from renewable resources including animal fats and vegetable oils. In spite of the usage of virgin and food grade oils have proven to be suitable feedstock for biodiesel production, the concern on the proper usage of widespread farmland areas for the production in the detriment of food supply have play an important role on the final chosen feedstock. The usage of non-edible crops like jatropha or castor oil, do not resolve the problem of requiring large plantation area. BDF is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids synthesized by transesterification of triglyceride in vegetable oils or animal fats with alcohol to form fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). This project has theoretically assessed the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using KOH catalyst in a microchannel tube reactor using AN SYS Fluent. Micro-reactor is considered for better heat and mass transfer, also micro-reactor provides admissible control over unwanted side reactions. The exact reaction path of biodiesel production is unknown so the lumped kinetics model is being used instead. Computationally, the volume fraction, the velocity profile, the pressure drop, density profile, and temperature profile are being examined based on the experimental setup which is using the methanol/oil molar ratio = 23.9 at 40 °C. The dimension of microreactor is fixed to 0.8 mm diameter. Based on the experimental result, the flow pattern at the entrance region of the microtube was segmented flow of the methanol and oil phases. As the reaction progress, fine droplets composed of the produced glycerol and methanolwere dispersed and circulated in the oil segments. At a methanol/oil molar ratio of 23.9 at 60 °C, a quasi-homogeneous phase form approximately 300mm from the reaction inlet where the oil completely converted to FAME

A Mini Review of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) for Vehicular Communication

In recent times, peer-to-peer (P2P) has evolved, where it leverages the capability to scale compared to server-based networks. Consequently, P2P has appeared to be the future distributed systems in emerging several applications. P2P is actually a disruptive technology for setting up applications that scale to numerous concurrent individuals. Thus, in a P2P distributed system, individuals become themselves as peers through contributing, sharing, and managing the resources in a network. In this paper, P2P for vehicular communication is explored. A comprehensive of the functioning concept of both P2P along with vehicular communication is examined. In addition, the advantages are furthermore conversed for a far better understanding on the implementation

The Impact of Urbanisation and the Changing Environment of the Malay Settlement

It is acknowledged that “architecture is about people, culture, and land. However, the development of urban areas has raised many questions about the urban dream and the notion that it is “paved with gold.” The methodology of the study employs mixed method approach. According to the research, urban development is accelerating exponentially, and urban sprawl has occurred unpredictably, encroaching on traditional settlements. The new development on the outskirts of the old settlement is geared toward middle-income groups and is unattainable for the locals. Although the housing programme has been in place since 1968, it does not demonstrate the government’s total commitment and participation in assisting the Kelantanese urban population. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

The effect of Facebook use on academic job performance / Nina Farisha Isa... [et al.]

As an academic use of social networking sites (SNS) has been playing a vital role in the way of doing business in education industry. Therefore, the present study is to propose a concept of ‘task characteristics’ using task- technology fit model. In this regard, this paper extend knowledge from Lee and Lee (2018) model that examine the use of Facebook on office workers. However, there is still lack of study about the relationship between SNS use and job performance in the context of academic industry especially in hospitality and tourism faculty. Thus, this study has implications for academic industry that are concerned about formulating policies related to academic use of SNS

The Malay Settlement: A vanishing world?

Questions have been raised regarding urbanisation, in which the Malay culture is forgotten. This paper uses a mixed-method by way of a case study on the eight Malay settlements in Kota Bharu. Three hundred fifty questionnaires were distributed, while random interviews provided a more precise explanation of the Malay community in the real world. Traditionally, this settlement is inhabited by Malays and is well known for its high culture and architectural values. This study found that urbanisation has critically influenced the culture and identity of Malay communities in their settlements. The loss of the Malay settlements in Kota Bharu led to the loss of the Malay culture and identity in the community. Keywords:  Malay community, Malay settlement, Malay culture, urbanisation eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.296

PROVING INTO URBAN LINKAGE THEORY: THE CASE OF INDIA STREET, KUCHING, SARAWAK

The life of the people on the street is governed by the users who are strangers in general. The activities are the central medium that makes the street alive. This simple paper advancing the urban design theory that has been tested and criticized elsewhere. The main figures like Jacobs, Whyte, Seamon and Gehl have used the western plaza and streets to evaluate the success and failure of cities gauging the same theory. With a similar approach, the far-flung India Street of Kuching is examined via its linkage and place theory supported by the existence of primary and secondary use interweaved by cultural events exemplified by the actions in urban space. The direct and participant observation technique is employed, supplemented by maps and photographs to record the inquiry persuasively. It is learned that the accessibility of the user from all directions (connected by short cut path), the diverse activities at every corner of the blocks of shophouses, the continuous flow of the primary and secondary use intertwine in between the main street and lanes support the connectivity of urban linkage in the area. Finally, the urban phenomenon is distinguished from the intertwines of the street user, activities, and physical aspects as well as surrounding buildings with different functions that rendered the happening through the urban scene

Detection of Uniaxial Fatigue Stress under Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals using Morlet Wavelet

This paper demonstrates the application of continuous wavelet transform technique for magnetic flux leakage signal generated during a uniaxial fatigue test. This is a consideration as the magnetic signal is weak and susceptible to being influenced by an external magnetic field. The magnetic flux leakage signal response of API steel grade X65 is determined using Metal Magnetic Memory under cyclic load conditions ranging from 50% to 85% of the UTS. To facilitate further signal analysis, the magnetic flux gradient, the dH(y)/dx signal were converted from a length base into time series in this study. Magnetic flux leakage readings indicated a maximum UTS load of 56.5 (A/m)/mm at 85%, where a higher load resulted in a higher reading and the signal contained Morlet wavelet coefficient energy of 1.02×106 µe2/Hz. As increasing percentages of UTS loads were applied, the signal analysis revealed an increasing linear trend in the dH(y)/dx and wavelet coefficient energy. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the wavelet coefficient energy and the dH(y)/dx amplitude, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.8572. Hence, this technique can provide critical information about magnetic flux leakage signals that can be used to detect high stress concentration zones